Umlando "I-Lower Ngokujula" Gorky: kwaba kanjani

Abaningi baye bafunda play, eyabhalwa Maxim Gorky "I-Lower Ngokujula". Umlando kokudaliweyo yakhe kakhulu. Njengoba yaziwa, umbhali waseRussia, futhi ebusheni bakhe wahola bosyatsky kuyindlela yokuphila, ngokuvamile behamba nge knapsack emhlane wakhe. Cishe wake kuye futhi ukulala ezindaweni zokukhosela abangenamakhaya. Cishe, plan ukwakha umsebenzi ngazo zonke ins kanye nasemigwaqweni zokuphila balaba bantu wavuthwa engqondweni yakhe isikhathi eside Maksima Gorkogo. Kodwa bakwenze yilapho kuphela umlobi nginquma ukushintsha drama. Kwathi ekuqa- XIX-XX eminyaka.

abaculi ecasulayo

Qembu YaseMoscow Art Theatre ngo-1900, waya eCrimea, ukubeka phambi kudlala yakhe ngu laseChekhov sika "uMalume Vanya" futhi "We-seagull." Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuthi kwaba mission of abadlali. Njengoba Nemirovich-Danchenko wavuma, umqondisi yemidlalo, inhloso yabo wayebuye ukuhlangana Gorky nokumenza ukuthi ukubhala play. Bakwenza. kakhulu Umlando "I-Lower Ngokujula" Gorky wakhonza njengombonisi umfutho lokubhala ezinye izingcezu. Lo mkhiqizo eyaziwa njenge "AmaFilisti" futhi "Dachniki". Ngenxa ikhono lokukholisa abaculi, Maxim Gorky wavula wemidlalo.

Sebenza izingcezu

Zonke izingcezu ezintathu eyabhalwa cishe kanyekanye. Kakade wesandla "AmaFilisti" owaphasiswa 1901 by the weshashalazi. Umlando "I-Lower Ngokujula" Gorky kwakunzima. Thread isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukumvimba ngisho isihloko esisodwa. ongakhetha "Doss endlini" ziye wazama, "Ngaphandle Sun", "ngezansi". Kodwa iqiniso ukuthi kufanele kube play, Gorky akangabazanga. Wayefuna ukuba baphathe lo mkhiqizo ikakhulukazi kulabo abantu kuvezwa abakhileyo indlu Doss ngabampofu: nabangafundile futhi bengakwazi ukufunda. Nokho, ukusebenza kwenzinye izingxabano: elikushoyo lapha cishe engamashumi amabili observation wokuphila, amasiko kanye nolwazimagama "abantu zangaphambili".

Umlando "I-Lower Ngokujula" Gorky, noma kanjani iqala

Kakade "AmaFilisti" Ngenze komsindo. Imingcele wazama zindawo zazingcolile futhi zingezinhle caustic ikakhulukazi kwadingeka ukuba athambise isandla. Umdlalo yaqale ephakanyiswe Petersburg, lapho ukhonkolo we eMoscow Art Theatre waqhubeka nohambo ngoMashi 1902. Ehholo ingubo ukubuyekeza wayegcwele izinhloli izingubo zomsebenzi, wayemi phambi ihhashi gendarmerie. Stanislavsky ngalokhu ihlaya, ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo okuhambisana okuningi nge impi jikelele kuka ukubuyekeza. a hype uhulumeni onjalo kuphela okugqugquzelwa umphakathi e wemidlalo-debutant. Ngakho-ke, ucezu yesibili wayemane esasizobhujiswa empumelelweni.

ukukhiqizwa

Umlando "I-Lower Ngokujula" Gorky kwaba sifushane kuka indlela uhamba bubheke isibukeli. Kwathatha izinyanga ezingu-18 studding imibundu izimali ezahlukene amalayisense phambi ukucwaninga wanika ikhanda ngokumiswa, kodwa kuphela esigabeni YaseMoscow Art Theatre. Ngokusho izincwadi zomlando, abantu yena wakwenza lokho ngombana wayeqiniseka ukwehluleka play. Nokho, uhulumeni walahlekelwa umbono ukuthi izwe ukukhula isimo izinguquko. 1905 kwaba isiseduze. Kuphumelela play sika wako wawuvala izindlebe, futhi lokhu akufanele kusolwe kuphela umlingisi lezinkanyezi. Ukuze bashaya ihlombe elikhulu Gorky wabizelwa endaweni yesehlakalo izikhathi eziyishumi nanhlanu. Umbhali wayedidekile, engazange alindele ukuba ama inkazimulo enjengeyendodana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi Gorky esithi "Lower Ngokujula" ngesikhathi eMoscow Art Theatre yesehlakalo iminyaka 60 (uDisemba 1962) usethe izikhathi 1451.