Umngcele zasolwandle Russian. Imingcele Russian Federation

Russia yilona zwe elikhulu kunawo embulungeni yonke. endaweni baso bafinyelela izigidi ezingu 17.1 square metres. State elise kulelivekati Eurasia. IRussia ngokwezinga elikhulu usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga, ngakho izifunda zalo kukhona okukhulu isikhathi umehluko.

Imingcele Russian Federation

Customs, kwezomnotho kanye nezinye umngcele Russian ubekwe ngaphandle ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, zona ngokwazo iyisici esiyingqayizivele. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, yonke CIS amazwe abhekene inkinga engathí sina. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ukungalandelani ka ezomthetho zezimali ophoqelelwe kubo ukuvala endaweni yezomnotho, kodwa emisha emingceleni uthi imigqa akazange uqondane imingcele yobuhlanga kwamasiko, futhi umphakathi engafuni ukwamukela eziphoqelelwe umngcele imingcele, futhi okubaluleke - Russia wayengakwazi ngesikhathi esifushane enjalo ukuchitha ukutjheja imikhawulo kanye Yakha ubunjiniyela izakhiwo. Futhi, Inkinga enkulu yayiwukuthi ukusungulwa amasiko amaphuzu.

Incazelo imingcele isimo

Ubude imingcele Russia ifinyelela izinkulungwane 60 amakhilomitha, zazo 40-000 kukhona emngceleni ulwandle. Economic isikhala zasolwandle yezwe itholakala 370 ukusuka ogwini lolwandle. Kungase kube izinkantolo nezinye uthi for the isizinda kwemithombo yemvelo. imingcele Western futhi aseningizimu Russian Federation - ikakhulukazi ezweni, enyakatho nasempumalanga - ikakhulukazi olwandle. Iqiniso ukuthi imingcele Russia abe ngezinga elikhulu kangaka, kungenxa ubukhulu enkulu emkhawulweni bokungafani ukuma seashores imigqa Pacific, Arctic nasolwandle Atlantic, okuyinto ugeze khona ezinhlangothini ezintathu.

umngcele umhlaba Russian

Entshonalanga nasempumalanga yezwe imingcele eziningi umahluko oqondile. Ngo zangaphambi wamavukelambuso Russia zaziphawuleka ngokungabi imingcele zemvelo. Njengoba isimo enwetshiwe, kwakudingekile ukuba ngandlela-thile silungise imingcele yolwandle nezwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezindaweni ezigqagqene sokuqashelwa enkulu kumele ngokucacile - lokhu kungaba zokhahlamba, umfula nokunye. Kodwa lokhu sezwe kukhona ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olungasempumalanga enkulu yomngcele oseningizimu.

Imingcele esentshonalanga futhi ningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe isimo

imigqa Wanamuhla imingcele esentshonalanga futhi ningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia zaqhamuka ziphuma kule ngxenye abadlali ngabanye kuleli zwe. Ngokusho ngokwezinga elikhulu kuyinto imingcele zokuphatha ukuthi ubukade yasekhaya. Kwakumelwe izinto cishe non-yemvelo. Ngakho kwamiswa emngceleni waseRussia nge Poland futhi Finland.

umhlaba imingcele Russian futhi babe ngokwezinga elikhulu. Ngemva kokuwa we-Union of isibalo omakhelwane azishintshile. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange nane. Nge nase-United States inezinga ulwandle imingcele Russian kuphela. Kodwa phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet we imingcele yamazwe nge uthi eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela, omunye imigqa phakathi uthi babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli kwangaphakathi, futhi ezinemibandela. Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga yomngcele Russian nabo Finland naseNorway.

Isimo isimo lithole ngokusemthethweni emngceleni waseRussia nge-Estonia, eLatvia naseLithuania. Kanye umngcele osentshonalanga naseningizimu-esentshonalanga ye-Ukraine futhi Belarus ukuphi. Ingxenye eseningizimu yezwe elisemngceleni nge Georgia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Republic of zaseTuva, e-Altai, Buryatia. Esikhathini kakhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Russian Primorye Territory inomngcele ngu North Korea. Umugqa umngcele - km 17 kuphela.

Umbuso wasenyakatho umngcele wezwe

Russian umngcele zasolwandle enyakatho nasempumalanga yezwe ingamamitha angu-12 kusukela ugu. Ngokusho kolwandle Russian elisemngceleni namazwe 12. ukudlula Northern imingcele ngokusebenzisa amanzi e-Arctic Ocean - ulwandle Kara, Laptev Sea, oLwandle uBarents, eMpumalanga eSiberia futhi amaChukchi. Ngaphakathi e-Arctic Ocean, wasuka ogwini Russian futhi kuze kube North Pole, kuba wemboni ye-Arctic. It is engavimba imigqa okunemibandela nasentshonalanga Rybachy Peninsula futhi olusempumalanga ye siqhingi Ratmanova ukuze North Pole. ifa Polar - yigama amanzi indawo komkhakha Russian okungezona ezakho, ungakwazi kuphela khuluma ngezinto izesekeli amanzi Arctic.

emngceleni osempumalanga Russian

Umkhawulo ulwandle phakathi Russia nase-ingxenye yalo engasempumalanga sidlula amanzi ezilwandle Pacific. Nganeno omakhelwane wezwe ngokushesha kukhona US naseJapane. Nge Japan imingcele Russian ku La Perouse Strait futhi iBering Strait - ne-United States (phakathi esiqhingini Ratmanova, ngubani-Russian, kanye Kruzenshtern, lo kahulumeni). Esikhathini Peninsula Chukotka, Alaska, eKamchatka kanye Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands Bering Sea itholakala. Phakathi Peninsula eKamchatka, esiqhingini Hokkaido, lo Kuril futhi Sakhalin kuyinto oLwandle Okhotsk.

Oluseningizimu ye-Sakhalin futhi Primorye Territory bahlanza by-Sea of Japan. Zonke kwezilwandle zaseMpumalanga Ekude, ngawo IRussia umngcele zasolwandle, kancane iqhwa. Futhi Okhotsk, ngisho ikhumbula yokuthi ingxenye yayo itholakala parallel eningizimu, iyona ezinzima kakhulu kule ndaba. Engxenyeni enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuphele isikhathi qhwa izinsuku 280 ngonyaka. Ngenxa Ngezinga elikhulu zezilwandle phezu empumalanga umugqa Russian ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu izimo zezulu kuleli zwe nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu.

Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ngo-Sea of Japan ukuza izivunguvungu, okuyinto zigcwele nowencithakalo enkulu. Ogwini Pacific zokuzamazama yayo ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba asebenzayo zenzeka-tsunami inhlekelele okwenzeka ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini kwamanzi.

Izinkinga emngceleni osempumalanga Russia

imingcele Maritime yeRussia ne-United States manje imakwe, kodwa esikhathini esidlule bebengamalungu khona izinkinga umngcele. Russian uMbuso 1867, ithengiswe Alaska ngamaRandi kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa. Kukhona ezinye nobunzima ekuchazweni kwemingcele yezizwe nabakwenzayo lokhu e iBering Strait. Kunezinkinga eRussia naseJapane, inselele eziqhingini Lesser Kuril Ridge, endaweni ingqikithi 8548,96 square metres. km. Lokhu kunganeliseki kwavela ngemva impikiswano mayelana nendawo yamanzi yomphakathi futhi insimu kwendawo Russian Federation of amakhilomitha square, iyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu, kuhlanganise indawo kwezomnotho zolwandle iziqhingi ecebile ngokubhekisela kwasolwandle nenhlanzi, futhi eshalofini zone kokuba sikawoyela.

Ngo-1855, inkontileka esayinwe, owawuthi Minor Kuril Islands walondolozwa ukuze Japan. Ngo-1875, Japan ihamba zonke Kurile Islands. Ngo-1905, ngesisekelo impi Russian-Japanese sasayinwa Portsmusky sivumelwano futhi Russia yanika eJapane eseningizimu Sakhalin. Ngo-1945, lapho Japan igunyaza lo mthetho umaluju olungenamkhawulo, esiqhingini sase-Sakhalin kanye Kuril Islands baba yeSoviet Union, kodwa ubuzwe yawo yayingaphelele kuchaziwe iSivumelwano 1951 (e-San Francisco). Uhlangothi Japanese bathi iNingizimu Kuril Islands - kuyingxenye Japan, abasenakuphumula maqondana inkontileka ka 1875 kusukela awayona ingxenye Kuril chain, futhi wazizwa yini iziqhingi Japanese, futhi ngoba lesi sivumelwano ngemvume e-San Francisco , kungukuthi simboziwe.

Umkhawulo esentshonalanga yezwe

Olwandle olusentshonalanga komngcele Russia uxhuma lizwe nge amazwe amaningi eYurophu. It udlulela amanzi Baltic Sea, elingelakwaJuda Atlantic Ocean, lwakha coast Russia amatheku. Babeka amatheku Russian. EGulf of Finland iyinhloko-dolobha enyakatho yeRussia - Petersburg - futhi Vyborg. Ku-woMfula Vistula Lagoon Prelog kuyinto Kaliningrad. Vala imbobo Novoluzhsky yakhiwe ngesikhathi soMfula Luga. OLwandle iBaltic ayigongobali ngasogwini we Kaliningrad esifundeni nje. Lokhu ulwandle umngcele Russian kumephu uxhuma izwe (ngaphesheya kolwandle) namazwe ezifana Poland, Germany naseSweden.

Southwest umngcele

ingxenye eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia ubizwa wageza yi Azov, Black futhi iCaspian iziLwandle. imingcele Maritime yoLwandle Olumnyama ukunikeza Russia ukufinyelela iMedithera. Ngo Tsemesskaya bay imele ethekwini Novorossiysk. I eTaganrog Bay - eTaganrog port. Umuzi Sevastopol ingenye amatheku engcono. Azov futhi oLwandle Olumnyama kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthutha izixhumanisi kanye amazwe Russia Kwamanye Amazwe e-Europe kanye iMedithera. Futhi imingcele wasolwandle weminyaka Russian Federation nabo Georgia ne-Ukraine. Esikhathini eningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian Amanzi komngcele Kazakhstan futhi Azerbaijan.

Ngenxa yalokho, emngceleni Russian e ngokuya adlule imingcele yemvelo: ezintabeni, kwezilwandle nemifula. Ngenxa ezinye zalezi oxhumana ngamazwe nzima (izintaba eziphakemeyo, izinguzunga zeqhwa, ulwandle nokunye). Abanye, kunalokho, evumayo ngokubambisana nomakhelwane balo bese uvumele walala emfuleni nezwe imizila ngamazwe, ukwakha isikhala kwezomnotho.

amaphuzu Extreme Russia

Ngo iphuzu enyakatho obedlulele izimpawulo Cheliuskin, esemgwaqweni ku Tajmyr nhlonhlo. Ngaleso sikhathi insular kuyinto izimpawulo Fligely, okuyinto ingenye iziqhingi Franz Josef qoqo leziqhingi - Rudolph. Ngesikhathi phuzu oseningizimu Crest of eCaucasus Ukhahlamba esentshonalanga - esitho Sandy Amathe Baltic Sea, empumalanga - Cape Dezhnev eNhlonhlweni YaseChukchi.

Izici indawo Russia

Eziningi kuleli zwe itholakala ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele, kodwa enyakatho ingxenye itholakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima e-Arctic. Insimu Russia amumethe imithombo ehlukahlukene zemvelo ezitholakala ngobuningi. Izwe unendima ehola emhlabeni ngobukhulu futhi indawo. Russian ihlathi endaweni ifinyelela kumahekthare ayizigidi ezingu anamakhulu asixhenxe.

Usayizi bodwa yezwe kubaluleke kakhulu kokubili kusuka iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono kanye ukuzivikela. Insimu Russian Federation has ngokwezinga elikhulu emathafeni emhlabeni. Lokhu West eSiberia futhi Russian (elithile eMpumalanga Yurophu) Plain. Indawo esenyakatho yezwe ehlaselwe emoyeni uquqaba-Arctic Ocean. Insimu Russia amumethe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene amaminerali kanye namaminerali. It is bagxila u-40% nsimbi izinqolobane emhlabeni. Le ndawo main lamasimu ezifakwa ocebile zethusi ore kubhekwa Ural nesifunda Ural. Lapha, esifundeni esise-Ural Ephakathi, zikhona izimali ezifakwa zamatshe ayigugu ezifana Emerald, irubi, i-amethiste. Futhi esinye isici ezithakazelisayo yezwe ukuthi itholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zokuma kwezwe we Nenkabazwe, ngaphandle zasezindaweni ezishisayo.