I ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela, umlando kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo namuhla

Igama elithi "ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela" kuyinto igama lesiLatini elisho "ngiyivumele". Le nkulumo namawashi ahlekisayo, nokho, ukuthi siqine isichazamazwi abameli nabezombusazwe. Kukholakala ukuthi ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela lokuqala zazisetshenziswa eRoma lasendulo, ezinsukwini weRiphabliki; ke wayebizwa nangokuthi 'ilungelo Beqondiswa imikhandlu. " Ngisesiteji - izakhamuzi eRoma, abakhethiweyo bomhlangano plebs ukuba bamele izimfuno izakhamuzi - wayengathi Veto, okungukuthi ukuphoqelela sokuvinjelwa, ukubuyisa isinqumo esithathwe iSigele noma imantshi. ukuvinjelwa okunjalo ubizelé umkhulumeli. Umuntu kuphela ogama izimiso babengebona kuncike imingcele enjalo, kwaba umashiqela weRiphabhulikhi.

Ngakho, ilungelo ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela - nokwenqaba ukwamukela mthetho noma inqubomgomo nezinqubo ezathathwa Authority, nezinye izinto (ngabanye noma umzimba), futhi lokhu Ukwenqaba semthethweni. Esikhathini sphere zezombusazwe, lokhu kusho amandla ukukhansela, ukumisa noma ukunqabela zimiso izinqumo ezithathwe umzimba efanele. Lawo mandla angenye ingakwazi ukuthwala ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele.

Ngemva emkhubeni wamaRoma ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela esihlatshiwe lingasetshenziswanga ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVII, ngaphambi kumiswa Commonwealth, inyunyana of zithi Lithuania nePoland. Ngo ukuvota ophakeme isimo umzimba Ekudleni (iphalamende) waphasisa umthetho ku "free ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela" (ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela phezu mahhala, Latin). Rzeczpospolita wawuqondiswa umthetho Nihil Novi (ie umthethosisekelo Radom), owawuthi inkosi ayikwazanga umthetho ngaphandle kwemvume zonke gentry. Izicukuthwane zezizwe Seimas akhethwe Sejm bendawo ukuze bamele ke zabo ukuze bakhonze izithakazelo endaweni yabo bendawo. Njengoba isimo kwaba uhlamvu federal, lapho zonke izifunda abe namalungelo alinganayo, isiko ukunika amandla ukuvimbela yonke lePhalamende. Isinqumo siyothathwa yokutholwa lapho uvotela kuye ngothi lwabo, amalungu Seimas. Kukholakala ukuthi ngokokuqala ePoland wasebenzisa ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela e 1669, ummeleli Kiev Adamu Olizar.

Izitha Poland - Prussia neRussia - abaningi baye basebenzisa leli phuzu nenqubo, umthetho ekhona e-Commonwealth. Bona ebathenga izicukuthwane ababesebenzisa amandla abo amakhulu ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela ukuvimba izinqumo ezithile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela buthaka abaphikisi State. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVIII, lo mkhuba sekwande sessions Sejm futhi imihlangano iphazamiseke, cishe ngaphambi kokuba waqala. Kwaze kwaba Meyi 3, 1791, lapho eneminyaka emine Ukudla limise yokutholwa siSekelo soMbuso esitsha, owenza izindlela isimiso izinqumo ngevoti leningi.

Nokho, isimiso sokwesulwa izimiso noma izinqumo ivimbela uyaqhubeka nokufezekisa kwezombangazwe emazweni amaningi kule izinqumo zezinhlangano phakathi kohulumeni. Kwezinye republic kamongameli-ePhalamende Unelungelo Veto umongameli.

Kungaba ngokuphelele (siqine): e Kulokhu, Umengameli ilungelo lokunqaba ngokuphelele nomthetho uphasiswe ePhalamende. Lapho isihlobo (noma suspensivnom esimisiwe) Veto umongameli nje okuvimba ukungena force of the bill, futhi iphalamende unelungelo ukulithatha ngesikhathi ivoti lesibili yiningi afanelekayo (e-United States futhi Russia - two-thirds endlini lephalamende ngamunye). ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela kwengxenye noma abakhethayo , uMongameli unelungelo ukwenqaba izihloko noma izingxenye imithetho neziqondiso.

Nakuba lesi siVumelwano eNhlangano yeziZwe akuyona izwi mayelana ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela, lelo lungelo ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa khona. Ilungelo ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela e-UN amalungu amahlanu asikhathi sonke omkhandlu uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha - Russia, e-UK, USA, France neChina. Zisuka nje, ukusetshenziswa umkhuba zeqhwa isinqumo UN zanoma yiliphi izwe ukuthi unakho lokhu kulungile, okuholela ukwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu. Ngakho, i-UN Security Council abakwazi athatha izwi lesinqumo ezazilahla Inqubomgomo kukaIsrayeli ezindaweni bayawuqhwaga, nezinye izinqumo ezibalulekile, njengoba omele amazwe ezisebenzisa amandla ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela, ulisebenzisa ngokwehluleka inkinga. Yiqiniso, kuphakamisa ukugxekwa ezinkulu eziningi UN oyilungu.