Umshuwalense wemfanelo womthuthukisi wokwakha okwabelwana ngawo: izici uma kusebenza

Unjiniyela unesibopho sokukhipha inkontileka yomshwalense ngaphambi kokuphetha kokuthengisana kokuqala nomthengi. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke akwazi ukubhalisa no-Rosreestr. Lokhu kanye nezinye izichibiyelo zaziswe ngo-2014, uMthetho we-Federal No. 294 "Ekushintsheni kwezinye izenzo zomthetho.

The Essence

Kusukela ngo-2014, inkampani yokwakha ibophezelekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi, ikhishwe isiqinisekiso noma umshuwalense wokubophezeleka komthuthukisi ekwakhiweni okwabelwana ngawo. Lokhu kuzovumela umthengi ukuthi abuyisele izimali zakhe uma kwenzeka izimo ezingalindelekile.

Umthethosivivinywa owemukelwe ubeka umthwalo womthuthukisi we:

• Ukugwema izibopho;
• Ukulethwa kwezinto ezingenayo;
• Ukushaya imali ngaphambi kokunikezwa kwempahla.

Ochwepheshe besaba ukuthi izinto ezintsha zizoholela ezintengo eziphakeme zendawo yokuhlala. Uhulumeni uqinisekise ukuthi lezi zinto azixhunyiwe. Izindleko zomshuwalense ngisho nenkampani enkulu yi-1% yemali yokuthengiselana. Abakhi kuzodingeka banikeze izimali kulezi zindleko kusuka kubhajethi yabo.

Into

Umshwalense wesikweletu somthuthukisi uma kwenzeka ukwakhiwa okwabiwe kusho ukuvikelwa kwezintshisekelo zomhlaba zamakhasimende. Lokhu kuthengiselana kuzuzisa ngokuyinhloko kumakhasimende. Le nkampani ingaqinisekisa wonke indlu noma ifulethi ngokwehlukana.

Amakhasimende

Inkontileka ihambelana nabatshali bezimali. Uma kuvela izimo ezithile, bayothola inkokhelo. Unjiniyela wenza ukuletha into enokwethenjelwa yekhwalithi. Umshuwalense unesibopho sokukwazisa iklayenti yezinguquko ekuthengiseni bese ukhokha isinxephezelo. Uma ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, abanikazi benzalo bayashintsha, lokhu kufanele kuboniswe esivumelwaneni, ngoba idokhumenti ehlukile ihlelwa nomhlanganyeli olandelayo.

Abashuwalense

Kunabo bonke abase-UK bafuna ukwenza izivumelwano ezinjalo. Kukholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuthengiselana luletha ukulahleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani kumele ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile:

• Ukusebenza emakethe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5;
• Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-finustability;
• Yiba nesibikezelo esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwezikhathi ezizayo;
• Ukuze kube nokuhambisa okungenani ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-400, kanye nenhloko-dolobha egunyaziwe ngenani lama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-120.

Amanani

Umshuwalense womakhi wokwakha okwabiwe uyabiza. Izinga eliphakathi ngonyaka ka-2015 laliyi-0.5-0.8%. Ngezinkontileka zesikhathi eside, amanani angancishiswa ngo-10-30%. Inkampani yomshuwalense (UK) ngokwayo isetha isilinganiso, futhi ibala ama-coefficients emaphesenti wonyaka, ngoba kungenzeka njalo ukuthi unjiniyela uzogwema ngokuphelele ukufeza izibopho.

Kuphi izinga elixhomeke kulo:

• Ukubamba iqhaza komthuthukisi ekubambeni.
• Isikhathi esihle sokuthengiselana kwangaphambilini: isikhathi esinqunyiwe, inombolo yezinto, ukusebenza ezindaweni ezihlukene, akukho izikhalo.
• Ukusimama kwezezimali.
• Ukusekelwa kwezomthetho: ukutholakala kwawo wonke amadokhumenti kanye nezimvume.
• Isiteji sokwakhiwa.
• Isikhathi sokudiliva.
• Inombolo yabatshali-zimali.

Ukukhishwa kwenkontileka

Ukuze ubhalise i-DDU, unjiniyela kumele athumele inkontileka ku-Rosreestr. Kulokhu kubalulekile ukuqoqa amadokhumenti anjalo:

• Isimemezelo sephrojekthi;
• Imvume yokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha;
• Isitifiketi sokubhaliswa kombuso;
• Isivumelwano sokwakha esabelwe;
• Ikhophi yemibhalo esemthethweni;
• Ukutadisha ukufaneleka;
• Ikhophi yokubalwa kwezimali;
• Idatha kwabakweleta;
• Isitifiketi sokungabikho kwamacala okuboleka imali emabhange.

Yini okufanele ivikelwe

Umshuwalense wesikweletu somthuthukisi uma kwenzeka ukwakhiwa okwabiwe kubonisa ukukhokha kwenxephezelo uma umthuthukisi engakagcwalanga izibopho, okuqinisekiswa yisinqumo senkantolo noma ukuchithwa kwenkampani. Le mali ayikhokhwa uma kuqhathaniswa ukwakhiwa noma ukwandiswa kwesikhathi sokulethwa kwezidingo. Inani lixhomeke entengo yenkontileka. Ngeke ibe ngaphansi:

• Izindleko zento;
• Isilinganiso semali emakethe ye-square 1. M. Housing kule ndawo.

Umthetho uphinde ulinganiselwe inani eliphakeme lemaliyamuyamu.

Okulandelayo kubhekwa njenge-insured:

• Ukuphazamiseka kokwakhiwa;
• Ukukhokha komthuthukisi;
• Ukungatholakali kwezindlu;
• Ukwenqaba ukubuyisela izinsiza zempahla, njll.

Izinguquko emthethweni

Ngonyaka we-2014, ku-Federal Law No. 294, kwenziwa izinguquko, ngokusho ukuthi umshuwalense wemfanelo womthuthukisi wokubandakanya ukulingana ekwakhiweni manje kuyimpoqo. Izinkontileka ziphathwa ngabathuthukisi ngokwabo. Bakhetha futhi ukuthi basayine izinkontileka nge: inkampani, ibhange, inkampani ekhethekile.

Bonke abathintekayo emphakathini womshuwalense ophoqelekile bayabhekana ngokubambisana nangokuzimele . Uma ukuthengiselana kusungulwa nebhange, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuqoqa izibambiso. Idiphozi engu-30% iyadingeka kusukela ekubalukeni kwesikhungo, esisebenza njengesiqinisekiso sesikhungo sezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBhange Elikhulu libeka izidingo zalo mabhange:

- isikhathi esincane somsebenzi - iminyaka emihlanu;

- inhloko-dolobha egunyaziwe yezigidi ezingu-200;

- inani lempahla - ruble 1 billion.

Abathuthukisi banenzuzo kakhulu ukuthola imali mboleko kunokuba bakhiphe isiqinisekiso. I-Finuchrezhdeniya ayifaki nomshuwalense wesivumelwano sokwenza iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo enenzuzo.

Kungcono ukuphetha isivumelwano nenkampani. Ezimweni zokuncintisana okunamandla, ababhalisi bazama ukuheha amakhasimende ngamanani aphansi namanani. Izinga lezizinto zokuthengiselana zihlala zihleliwe kulo lonke isikhathi sekontileka. Umshuwalense wesikweletu somthuthukisi wokwakhiwa okwabelwana ngawo ukhokhwa emva komsebenzi uqediwe. Enye inzuzo - ijubane lokucubungula imibhalo. Umshwalense ungumthuthukisi ngokwakhe, umzuzi ungumnikazi wesabelo. Indlela yokuhlinzekwa ikhethwa ngokuhlala ngayinye ngokwehlukana.

Umshuwalense wemfanelo yomthuthukisi wokwakhiwa okwabelwana ngawo

Izinkampani kumele zinikeze ibheyili. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyisakhiwo sezwe lapho kuyobe khona khona into. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le dokhumenti ichaza indlela yokuvikela izibopho. Amaphepha asayinwe ngaphambi kokubhaliswa kombuso kwesivumelwano sokulingana sokuqala futhi asebenza kuze kufike ngesikhathi sokulethwa kwalesi sikhungo. Ukuqedwa kokuthengiselana akukhiphi inkampani ekubophezelweni kokukhokha isinxephezelo kumacala okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo.

Ungaqinisekisa indlu yonke noma indlu ngayinye ngokwehlukana. Okokuqala akuyona inzuzo. Umthuthukisi kumele enze ngokushesha imali enkulu, qiniseka ukuthi zonke izindlu zizodayiswa. Inkinga yesibili yukuthi ngaphansi kwezivumelwano ezinjalo kunzima ukucacisa ukuthi ngubani ozuzayo.

Idokhumenti iqala ukusebenza kusukela ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwesitolimende sokuqala. Umshuwalense womthuthukisi uma kwenzeka ukwakhiwa okwabelwana ngaphansi kwesivumelwano akuhlinzeki ukuba kube khona i-franchise. Amagama asele okuthengiselana afana nalawo ajwayelekile:

- umshuwalense uzama ukwazisa abatshali-zimali ngenani lemali ekhokhwayo;

- inkampani ingafaka isicelo nesimangalo sokuvuselela kumthuthukisi;

- umshuwalense ubophezelekile ukwazisa bonke abanikazi mayelana nokuqedwa kokuqala kwenkontileka;

- ubude besivumelwano buxhomeke esikhathini sokwakhiwa.

Isamba semali isinxephezelo sincike emananini nasezingeni. Kufanele kudlule ukulinganisa izindleko zendawo yonke yezindawo zokuhlala. Le nkampani ngokwayo inquma ukuthi inkokhelo izokwenziwa kanjani: imali encane noma izitolimende.

Izinkinga zomshuwalense wemfanelo womthuthukisi ekwakhiweni okwabelwana ngawo

Lokhu ukuthengiselana kuqondile kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ngokuphathelene nokuvikela izingozi zezimali zomthuthukisi. Izinkampani zinokuzikhethela - ukukhipha inqubomgomo noma isiqinisekiso. Ukhetho lwesibili luyathanda kakhulu, njengoba izikhungo zezikweletu sezivele zinezinqubo ezihlelekile, zifaka amasheya, izazi ezihlola izingozi, kanye nezakhiwo ezihlela ukuqedwa kwe-WIP. Izinzuzo ezinjalo ze-SC azikwazi ukuziqhayisa. Kodwa banikeza amanani aphansi. Abantu basebenzisa ukuthi izinsizakalo zebhange ziyabiza. Lokhu kunjalo ngempela, ngoba ingozi ekuthengiseni iphezulu. Nakuba, ngemuva kokuchibiyela umthetho, izinkampani ziye zaphakamisa amanani.

Umshuwalense wesikweletu somthuthukisi wokwakhiwa okwabiwe uhlinzeka ngomphumela wokuqoqa wokulahleka. Esimweni esibucayi (ukwehla kwesidingo sezindlu, ukwanda kwamazinga okukhokhelwa kwemali), ukulahlekelwa kuyokwenziwa ngokushesha kubo bonke abathuthukisi, futhi akukho okunye okubandakanyekayo emakethe.

Enye inkinga ukungabi khona kwamathuba okuvuselela ingozi ngisho nasemakethe angaphandle. Emisebenzini yamazwe omhlaba, ukuthengiselana okunjalo kusebenzisa izibopho (ama-sureties). Kodwa ukusebenza kwabo akufakiwe emthethweni waseRussia. Umehluko omkhulu wale mkhiqizo wukuthi umshwalense angathatha into ekwakhiwa njengesibopho.

I-Central Bank iye yaphakamisa izidingo ze-UK, ezinganikeza izinsiza kubathuthukisi - zandisa inani elincane lemali. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ububanzi bama-insurers angenzeka - izinhlangano ezingu-19. Kusukela kuhlu olusha, izinkampanini zihamba ngezinkampani, ezazingaka-80% zezivumelwano nabathuthukisi. Yini ezokwenzeka kubo manje engaziwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi kubalulekile ukuphetha izinkontileka ezintsha nezinkampani ezivela ohlwini "olumhlophe". Uma kwenzeka ukukhishwa kwelayisense, i-UK inesibopho sokuthengiswa kwangaphambili ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Khona-ke kungaba ukuqeda imibhalo noma ukudlulisela iphothifoliyo kanye nezikweletu komunye umhlanganyeli wemakethe. Ngokungafani nomshuwalense we-OSAGO noma wemfanelo yabanikazi bezikhungo zezimboni ezinobungozi, le nkonzo ayinayo ezinye izinhlobo zokuvikelwa, njengemali yesinxephezelo esingazikhokhela izakhamizi ngemuva kokushiyeka kwe-insurer. Imakethe yokwakhiwa kwezindlu okwabiwe kukhulu. Kodwa ayikho indlela esungulwe yokulawula umsebenzi wabathuthukisi.