Umswakama nesihlobo futhi ngokuphelele umswakama: izici nesilinganiso nokuzimisela

Umswakama kuyinto isici esibalulekile medium kuma. Kodwa abaqondi zonke ngokugcwele ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi amagugu izinkomba emibikweni oluthunyelwe sezulu. umswakama nesihlobo kanye nomswakama ngokuphelele - kungcono imiqondo ahlobene. Ukuze uqonde okushiwo omunye ngaphandle kokwazi omunye akunakwenzeka.

Air futhi umswakama

Air iqukethe ingxube izinto esimweni gaseous. Lokhu nitrogen ngokuyinhloko nomoya-mpilo. Basuke ngokuvamile yakhiwa (100%) equkethwe mayelana 75% no-23% ngesisindo, ngokulandelana. Mayelana 1.3% argon, esingaphansi 0.05% - kuyinto-carbon dioxide. Okuseleyo (ulahlekile ingxenyenamba mass mayelana 0,005% isiyonke) ku inani Xenon, i-hydrogen, Krypton, helium, i-methane, kanye neon.

Futhi emoyeni njalo iqukethe ethile umswakama. Esimweni-ke ewela emva ukuhwamuka zishintshe amanzi kusukela izilwandle zomhlaba, inhlabathi olumanzi. Esikhaleni avaliwe okuqukethwe yayo zingahluka kusuka imvelo bangaphandle kuncike ukutholakala imithombo eyengeziwe ukunikezela ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuze uthole incazelo eqondile ngaphezulu ubunjalo bomzimba kanye nezinkomba ambalwa esetshenziswa imiqondo emibili: umswakama nesihlobo kanye nomswakama ngokuphelele. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ngokweqile umhwamuko imiswe phakathi iphele elondolo e inqubo ukupheka. Abantu nezilwane ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana ukuphefumula kwakhe, ngenxa isitshalo negesi lokushintshisana. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa ushintsho isilinganiso umhwamuko kungenzeka kubangelwa ukufingqa ngesikhathi iconsi lokushisa.

Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke kanye nomswakama isihlobo: ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi

Yeka indlela okubaluleke ngayo ukwazi lemali esiqondile umhwamuko emkhathini? Ngokusho lezi nemingcele kubalwa sezulu, kungenzeka khona kwemvula kanye lemali, indlela yokuhamba nezimpi. Ngesisekelo izingozi wokuzimisela zasezindaweni neziphepho ngokukhethekile, kungase kube usongo olukhulu esifundeni.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili? Jikelele ukuthi kokubili nomswakama isihlobo kanye nomswakama okuqukethwe eliphelele emoyeni show umusi. Kodwa uhlu lokuqala kunqunywa ukubala. Eyesibili kungenziwa kukalwa izindlela ngokomzimba umphumela ku-g / m ^3.

Nokho, nge ushintsho ezingeni lokushisa elifanele, lezi zimiso ziyahlukahluka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umoya esiphezulu ingaqukatha ethile umhwamuko - nomswakama ngokuphelele. Kodwa izindlela +1 ° C + 10 ° C, lezi zimiso zizohluka.

Ukwencika okuqukethwe ambalwa of umhwamuko emoyeni lokushisa olukhonjiswa njengedifolthi umswakama nesihlobo. Kulinganiselwa ngokuvumelana ifomula. Umphumela sivezwe njengoba amaphesenti (isilinganiso umgomo we esiphezulu ukubaluleka kungenzeka).

Ithonya zezemvelo

Njengoba ushintsho ngokuphelele kanye nomswakama isihlobo njengoba likhuphuka izinga lokushisa, isibonelo, kusukela + 15 ° C kuya + 25 ° C? Nge ukwanda umusi ingcindezi yayo liyaphuma. Ama-athomu amanzi Ngakho, umthamo iyunithi (eyodwa imitha cubic). uvumelane ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, likhula kanye nomswakama ngokuphelele. Isihlobo ngaleyo ndlela encishisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani langempela umhwamuko uhlala ezingeni elifanayo, kanti esiphezulu ukubaluleka kungenzeka liye lenyuka. Ngokusho ifomula (sokuhlukanisa omunye ezinye futhi banda Chile nge 100%) ekugcineni uzokwehla inkomba.

Indlela ukushintsha ngokuphelele futhi nomswakama isihlobo ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi? Kwenzekani nge ukwehla kusukela-15 ° C + 5 ° C? nomswakama Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke ngesikhathi esifanayo encishisiwe. Ngakho, ngo-a imitha cubic 1. air-umusi ingxube kungaba Ubuningi bamahora ihlanganise ambalwa. ifomula ukubala sizobonisa ukwenyuka okukhipha - iphesenti umswakama nesihlobo kuyokhula.

ukuze abantu

Ephambi kwezinduna ngokweqile umhwamuko azizwa stuffiness, ne nokuntuleka - isikhumba uzizwa ukoma futhi ukoma. Ngokusobala, olumanzi emoyeni nomswakama ngenhla. Nge ngokweqile amanzi angadingeki akuyona wasigcina isimo gaseous futhi ukuqhutshwa e konemimoya okuluketshezi noma okuqinile. Esimweni, ageleza ehle phansi kuyinto kwezulu lapho kubonakala (inkungu, amazolo ayiqhwa). Kumiswa ekamelweni elingaphakathi yetintfo condensate ungqimba ebusweni utshani amazolo ekuseni.

Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kulula ukuyiphatha egumbini ezomile. Nokho, imodi efanayo, kodwa ngesikhathi umswakama nesihlobo ngenhla 90% kubangela okweqile okusheshayo emzimbeni. Umzimba alwa nalo mkhuba ngokulinganayo - kukhona ukushisa simanzi te. Kodwa iyasha ngokushesha emoyeni ezomile (omiswe) ebusweni nomzimba. lokhu akuthathi indawo endaweni olumanzi. Efaneleka kakhulu (induduzo) ngenjongo imodi umuntu - lena 40-60%.

Nesilinganiso umswakama nesihlobo futhi ngokuphelele

Kuqakatheke ngani? Izinto luyimbudumbudu ku ukudla okuqinile ezimanzi okuqukethwe ngayinye umthamo iyunithi liyancipha. Lo mehluko wenza akunandaba ngakho, kodwa esiningi angaba "uthele" e ngenani langempela kunqunywa.

Imikhiqizo (ukolweni, ufulawa usimende) kuyinto ovumelekile nomswakama nombundu, lapho-ke ingagcinwa ngaphandle kokulahleka izinga noma ukucubungula izakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha izinkomba kanye nokugcina kwabo ezingeni elikhulu adingekayo isitoreji. Ukuncishiswa umswakama emoyeni futhi sifinyelele nokwehlisa imikhiqizo yayo.

amadivayisi

Ekusebenteni, nomswakama langempela kukalwa hygrometers. izindlela ezimbili bube khona ngaphambili. Omunye kusekelwe ushintsho extensibility izinwele (okomuntu noma isilwane). Enye - umehluko lokushisa ukufundwa imvelo ezomile futhi olumanzi (Psychrometric).

Mshini izinwele hygrometer pointer elihlobene ne Uhlaka yayithathe ngezinwele. He is, kuncike ambient nomswakama ushintsho izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Umcibisholo kuphambuka ukubaluleka inkomba. ukunyakaza zakhe zalandelwa esikalini osetshenziswayo.

umswakama nesihlobo kanye nomswakama ngokuphelele, zaziwa lincike ezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Lesi sici isetshenziswa psychrometer. Ekunqumeni ukufundwa zithathwa thermometer emibili elandelanayo. Igabha eyodwa (dry) kuyinto ezimweni ezivamile. Enye (ezimanzi), ke ligubuzelwe yefilakisi, okuyinto ixhunywe ichibi lamanzi.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinga lokushisa alinganise imvelo ne umswakama ayahwamuka. Futhi leli nani incike inani lamanzi umusi in emoyeni. Okunqumayo umehluko phakathi ukufundwa. I umswakama nesihlobo kunqunywa lolutfolakala kumathebula ekhethekile.

Muva nje, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa has izinzwa usebenzisa izinguquko izici kagesi izinto ezithile. Ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela kanye nokubuyisana amadivayisi khona inkomba ukufakwa.