Umthetho - ngesisekelo somthetho we ukuphila

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi namalungu anoma iyiphi umphakathi uhlale kuncike emithethweni ethile. Njengoba isimo futhi izingxenye zalo, kuyiqiniso, futhi lezi ziyikuqala umthetho.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu

Ngokungafani kwencazelo umthetho iyonke, umthetho achazwa ngokukhanyayo umqondo. Siqukethe eqinisweni lokuthi ngaphansi lesi simanga uyaqonda ngokusemthethweni fixed kanye evunywe yomphakathi kanye / noma isimo yisimiso sokuziphatha, okuhloswe ngalo zokuvikela amalungelo athile kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho enezinto eziningi esingokwemvelo kuphela izimpawu wakhe. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

- Norma yisikali sokuthi lungelo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kwezinkambiso ka umthetho ukusungula yemfanelo nenkululeko, kuncike izici ngamunye ethile.

- Norma - okuyisihloko isimo nkulumo nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ngokuqinile echaziwe. Ngakho, yakha ukuziphatha zezomthetho kuncike ezimweni ezithile.

- Norma njalo inquma nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana bese ubeka kuncike kuzo, kodwa hhayi nge-subject ethize.

- I ukubuswa umthetho kuphelile, avikelwe futhi kuqinisekiswa uhulumeni nezinhlaka ezigunyaziwe njalo.

- Uhlale ephethe isakhiwo esicacile, uzwakalise, njengoba umthetho, e umbono, dispositions futhi unswinyo.

Baningi ezihlukahlukene

Thanda esivelele kunazo zonke, umthetho umahluko kuye umthwalo semantic ethwele. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi imfundiso engokomthetho yokukhululwa 8 amazinga izinhlobo, okuyilezi:

- isisekelo - imithetho eyisisekelo ngaphansi nesebenzela umphakathi nezikhungo zayo;

- Regulatory - elawula ukuziphatha izifundo, kuye ngohlobo ezithile ubuhlobo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ihlukaniswe:

a) mthetho - le yinto enqatshelwe ukwakha ukuziphatha engamukeleki;

b) sicindezela - ukunikela iphethini ethize yokuziphatha ubuhlobo zomthetho ngokuqinile kuchazwe;

c) ugunyaza - banelungelo lokuthola ukuziphatha ethize noma ukunikeza izinketho eziningana for isinyathelo kungenzeka futhi / noma yokungenzi okuthile;

- Ezokuphepha - baqashelwa ngokomthetho izindlela zokujezisa ngenxa yokwephula imithetho (ngokwesibonelo, angase bayisibonelo kuyinsakavukela komthetho intela, okuyinto kufanele kube imvume ngohlobo inhlawulo ngokwehluleka ukuhambisana nomthetho wezimali);

- ukuphepha - isenzo njengento esetshenziswayo ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi ukubulawa ukuziphatha zomthetho;

- declarative - kukhona umthetho ukuthuthukiswa umphakathi izinhlelo ezweni elilodwa noma inhlangano;

- diffinitivnye - ukusungula okushiwo izenzakalo ezehlukene emphakathini;

- ukushayisana - ukukhonza njengephayona Regulator yokulungisa ngezimo okungenzeka ziphazamise amandla alinganayo umthetho;

- tekusebenta - okuhloswe ngazo ukuxazulula yezobuchwepheshe kumthethonkombiso, ezifana ukungena force noma ukunqanyulwa senzo.

Enye ngezigaba wenza division zibe saziso (eyodwa kuphela imodeli kungenzeka yokuziphatha), izincomo (ukuncoma ekuziphatheni okuthize) nangokuzithandela (ngezimo ezahlukeneyo eziningana ukuziphatha). Zonke lezi zinhlobo izingxenye zisekelwe imithetho.

Ukwakheka - isibonelo imithetho 'emongweni "kwelungelo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuyinsakavukela isisekelo ukwakheka emithonjeni komthetho, it has a isakhiwo ezinyunyana, lokuhlanganisa hypothesis, dispositions futhi unswinyo.

Umbono inquma maqondana nomphakathi, okuxoxwe ngayo umthetho.

Onesimo abizele kanjani ncamashi ukuqhubeka ebuhlotsheni ukhonkolo nomphakathi.

Imvume ngokuvamile uchaza imiphumela kungenzeka sokungalandeli umthetho nemithetho ebekiwe kule ilungele isimo esithile.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nezinsolo isakhiwo ezinyunyana owujami. Ekhona ezomthetho abonise ukuthi izimo kungenzeka lapho kungekho ukugunyazwa noma kuyinsakavukela ngokwayo nzima ngokwethula imicabango ezengeziwe dispositions noma unswinyo.

Kule ndaba, singaphetha ngokuthi, naphezu kwesimo saso ekuqaleni izici ezingokomthetho kohlelo, umthetho - into eziyinkimbinkimbi kokubili isakhiwo futhi esibonisa izinga.