Izimoto, Izimoto
Uwoyela Engine for diesel nge turbocharger. Yikuphi namafutha diesel ne turbocharging kangcono?
Ukuthuthukisa turbocharger ku -diesel, abakhiqizi sewenze ukudalwa motor uphethiloli akuyona eliphansi in zonke izici. Ngezinye turbochargers kuqala ayesetshenziselwa ukwandisa amandla yangaphakathi omlilo injini in the Air Force e ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukuze imoto wangena ekukhiqizweni kuze 1978.
Nokho, kanye lenyuka amandla isisetshenziswa motor liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, amafutha akhethekile for diesel ne turbocharging.
Idivayisi futhi Umgomo we operation
Isenzo yenjini esekelwe amandla qeda. Kusukela isilinda, baqondiselwa kuya impeller ophephela, samanzi uzungeza compressor. It kuvela ukuthi lapha, ngokungafani likaphethiloli izinjini, emoyeni ihlinzekwa ngaphansi ingcindezi ephakeme. Umthamo emoyeni inyuka isilinda, futhi ephethe umthamo umthamo uphethiloli ovuthayo luyanda amaphesenti amabili nanhlanu.
Lokho emoyeni ingena nezinamathiselo ukusetshenziswa uMbhalo enkulu - intercooler. Epholisa emoyeni ngaphambi lingena injini. Ngakho, i-ethize petrol kuyehla namandla luyanda, okuyinto ibangelwa cishe ngaphandle okwandisa usayizi iyunithi kanye nenani ematfuba.
Kusobala ukuthi lezi izinjini adinga indlela ekhethekile. ERussia, abashayeli abaningi bakhetha ukuthenga ukuhlelwa efanayo. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi ukusebenza kahle diesel Turbo. Cabanga amathiphu ambalwa ukukusiza ugcine for inkonzo nokuphila isikhathi eside unit.
Izinga uwoyela kufanele ilawulwe
Zonke izinjini Uphatha kabi amafutha indlala. Nokho, i-injini diesel ngamafutha Turbo linendima ebalulekile. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, basuke nivame eziveza turbocharger. Lapho izinga ketshezi liphansi kakhulu, bathi zilinyazwa kalula kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ezingeni uwoyela injini kufanele ihlolwe njalo ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kukhona ukushoda, kubalulekile ukuba ngokushesha nazo. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthola imbangela sincipha ngokushesha ezingeni futhi ukukulungisa.
Ikhwalithi lubricating uketshezi
Namafutha turbo diesel ube high. Kususelwa indima ezehlukile idlala emphilweni motor, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izinga kwabampofu kwakumelwe ubhubhe ukuba afe kancane kancane. Ungakhohlwa: ukubunjwa uphethiloli izinjini kuhlukile udizili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlanganise ezahlukene viscosity igrisi (lokhu ipharamitha, bheka ngezansi).
Okunye amathiphu ekuqhubeni Turbo udizili
Nanka amathiphu ambalwa, okungezona ngamafutha, kepha okufanele zilandelwe.
izinga uphethiloli kufanele kube eliphezulu. Uma kungenjalo ezinjalo, ngeke clog uhlelo fuel, namandla kuzoncishiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, the samanzi kuzodingeka basebenze ngesivinini esiphezulu, okuyinto kuzonciphisa empilweni yalo.
Hhayi peregazovyvayte lapho injini isiqalile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nalabo ungaqali uhlelo (stop). Lapho isinyathelo icindezelwa ukuba umthwalo ophephela sisetshenziswa, iqala ukujikisa, kodwa ngaphandle uwoyela, njengoba yokugcina akazange abe nesikhathi ukwenza. Lokhu kuholela okusheshayo bafake ifindo.
It Kunconywa ugibele ngesivinini ophansi. Ukusebenza ngesivinini aphansi isikhathi eside uvinjelwe. Ngemva ophephela yakhelwe imithwalo eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile kuba efiselekayo ukwenza kube ukusebenza, futhi ngesikhathi ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ngakho zokuthuthukisa uhlelo siqala sihlanza okhulisa impilo zenkonzo yalo.
Awukwazi ukuvala injini ngokushesha ngemva kokumisa, njengoba impeller ophephela uzoqhubeka ukujikisa, namafutha udizili nge Turbo kakade phezani bondliwe ohlelweni.
ogibele kakhulu engathandeki at lutho. Isigamu sehora yalo msebenzi kwanele "ukubulala" motor, njengoba lokhu kwenzeka zakoksovka ophephela. Ingase futhi uqale uwoyela ukuvuza ku amasilinda, yingakho imininingwane piston iqembu zonakale.
yesondlo Esifike Ngesikhathi kubalulekile ikakhulukazi turbocharged udizili. Igama elithi ndima yalo engaphansi kuka amayunithi asemkhathini, njengoba imithwalo okusezingeni eliphezulu adinga ngamafutha amasha kakhudlwana futhi ukuhlunga okusha.
uwoyela Izici Main
Ngokuthenga le okugcotshwayo abashayeli banake inombolo izinkomba.
Umngcele we-ngowokuthi viscosity, okungukuthi, ukugeleza amafutha sika. It incike lokushisa. viscosity High Inkomba kubonisa ushintsho kancane nge lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni.
flashpoint ibizwa ngokuthi i inkomba, lapho uma pair of isethulo nomlilo kukhuphukele emakhaleni ami.
Thela qophelo aphansi uma akusiyo ngokuphelele ilahlekelwa flowability (kukhethiwe lapho ukuthambekela amashubhu).
Ngo ukusebenza, futhi khona izithasiselo ehlukahlukene kwenzeka inqubo namachibi lapho kumiswa imikhiqizo ane-alikhali futhi ene-asidi. Ngo-laboratory okulungiselelwe nokuhlaziwa base Imininingwane nenombolo acid. Kusukela lezi yizinkomba zisekelwe ekubalweni uwoyela neutralization.
isizinda amafutha
Ngo uwoyela ezisekelwe kwakhona:
- okumbiwa phansi;
- semisynthetic;
- zokwenziwa.
Muva nje, abashayeli abaningi uthanda zokwenziwa. Nokho, mineral ezinhle lubricating uketshezi kahle ukwazi ukubhekana imisebenzi ezindaweni efudumele. Kodwa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi akukuhle ukuya. Amafutha yakhiwa imikhiqizo kaphethiloli.
Nazi ezinye namafutha diesel nge Turbo-charged amaminerali ezisekelwe kubhekwa okuhle: Castrol GTX (viscosity amamaki ezehlukene), "Lukoil Vanguard Professional le LA", "Lukoil Vanguard Ultra", "Suprotec Active avamile", "Udizili Active Plus" nabanye.
Semisynthetics inhlanganisela amaminerali kanye zokwenziwa isizinda. Kungaba kakade ingasetshenziswa unyaka wonke. Kunconywa ukuthi lulwimi zokwenziwa engine oil for izinjini turbocharged: Statoil MultyWay, "Lukoil Vanguard", Castrol Magnatec nokunye.
isizinda Zokwenziwa akunikezi inani langempela ngokuphelele. Kuyinto eqolo futhi wabhekwa njengongento izinga kangcono. Kodwa-ke kumele aqondwe lokho kukodwa akuqinisekisi ukutholakala zokwenziwa ukusebenza kakhulu. Ngaphezu base, eziningi nemingcele ahlobene kudingeka kucatshangelwe.
Asikwazi ukuncoma amafutha ezilandelayo zokwenziwa for diesel ne turbocharging: ZIC XQ5000, Castrol Edge Ezemidlalo, "Lukoil Vanguard Professional", Shell Helix Ultra nabanye.
izithasiselo
Ngaphezu database, kukhona amaphilisi ethize abizwa ngokuthi izithasiselo. Basuke babekholelwa yokuthuthukisa izindawo amafutha. Izithasiselo kukhona yemiphumela ezahlukene:
- zinhlobo antioxidant ukuyeka umsebenzi namachibi;
- ukuwasha - kuhlanzwe injini;
- dispersants - ukuvimbela ukwakheka izigaxa;
- anticorrosion ifilimu kwakheka kwi izingxenye ngaphandle kokunikeza ukuthuthukisa nokugqwala;
- ifomu anti ifilimu evikela ebusweni izingxenye;
- EP adale ifilimu evimbela burrs.
Futhi kukhona izithasiselo ukunciphisa uthele iphuzu, viscosity ngcono nokunye. Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa kwabo bonke? Lutho neze. uwoyela Motor for diesel ne turbocharging, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye uwoyela, usevele izakhi ezidingekayo ukubunjwa yabo. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bachithe imali ezinkampanini ukukhushulwa - abakhiqizi kwezithako noma cha, ukuxazulula umnikazi imoto.
ngezigaba
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene eziwuketshezi lubricating. Ahluke viscosity ekilasini, ukusebenza, seasonality.
ngezigaba Domestic has izivakashi abafanele. Kodwa cishe abashayeli ungazi. Ukwahlukaniswa ezivame kakhulu kwezilwandle: Sae,-API, ACEA futhi CCMC. Lesi sakamuva ngomhla, kodwa ingasatholakala kwezinye imithombo.
Sae
Sae kusho ukusetshenziswa uwoyela ne lokushisa emkhathini. Kulesisimo-ke, kukhona eziyisithupha ebusika futhi ezinhlanu ehlobo amakilasi. Winter obonwa incwadi W. ephakeme inomboro ekilasini, ayanda viscosity uwoyela. I ezivamile amafutha multigrade. Banezinhliziyo isiqu ezimbili. Njalo nomkhiqizi ezithile Kunconywa amafutha engine for diesel nge turbocharger. "Volkswagen", isibonelo, uya Castrol okukhulu. Amathiphu zisekelwe izici injini imiklamo kanye namalungiselelo abakhiqizi bezimoto namafutha ndawonye. Ukuze ikilasi ngalinye viscosity yayo esiphezulu.
Kusigaba udizili amayunithi-API
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunqunywa esekelwe izinga: ubumsulwa ukungcola, inani umule. I-API lubricating uketshezi zibe amakilasi alandelayo.
S (Service), kufanelekile ezine-unhlangothi likaphethiloli izinjini.
C (Commercial) I-diesel izinjini ohlobo commercial nezezimboni, kanye nemishini yezolimo kanye nokwakhiwa.
incwadi-Two S noma C, A kuya L kusho isigaba (kuqala) nempahla ezingeni (wesibili). Ukusebenza kwe-ephakeme, ezikude ekuqaleni zamagama ncwadi ngeyesibili.
SG / CD, SJ / CF - liklilasi jikelele upetrol kanye ne-diesel.
EC - kuba izimfanelo energy esisindisa.
Ake abahlala uketshezi lubricating for udizili amayunithi. Bona silingane amakilasi alandelayo:
- SS ukuhanjwa motors nge umfutho ukukhanya noma ngaphandle ezinjalo.
- CD kuyafana udizili kanye Turbo ukushaja namandla okusezingeni eliphezulu ezidinga ingcindezi kudingekile kakhulu futhi antiscaling izimfanelo. Ngokwesibonelo, lesi sigaba uwoyela efanelekayo diesel ne Turbo "Toyota Udizili", RV Special.
- CE kudingeka ukuba turbocharger eqinile futhi basebenze ngaphansi imithwalo eliphezulu kakhulu. It kulingana amafutha engine for izinjini udizili turbocharger futhi isihlungi particulate.
- CF kungenziwa eziqhutshwa kwi turbocharged diesels imoto iloli.
- CF2 - odlule ukuhambisana izici ingezwe ku a ezimbili-unhlangothi-diesel.
- CF4 yisihumusho ngcono isigaba CE.
- CG4 futhi isigaba esisha CH4 oluhambisana amafutha engine for iloli diesel ne turbocharging, edinga umthwalo ikakhulukazi esindayo.
ngezigaba ACEA
Lolu hlelo European, ukwanelisa izidingo ezibophayo kakhulu ngoba injini amafutha kwalowo odlule. Iqukethe amakilasi 12, okuyinto basakaza phezu izigaba 3 lapho:
- Futhi izinjini asemkhathini;
- C - I-diesel izinjini;
- C - I-diesel, angena amazinga Euro-4;
- E - commercial diesel.
Izinombolo izigaba kusho ezingeni izimfuneko. Inombolo ephakeme kusho izidingo ephakeme. Kususelwa kule ngezigaba, kungenzeka ukuba "ubale" amafutha afanelekile diesel ne turbocharger futhi isihlungi particulate. Lokhu, isibonelo, uthambise liquid isigaba C.
isiphetho
Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, kusobala ukuthi kufanele sicondziswe nguwo eziningi nemingcele, ukukhetha uwoyela motor for izinjini udizili turbocharging. "Hyundai", "Honda", "BMW" futhi "Mercedes": wabenzi uncoma uhlobo oluthile uwoyela. Nokho, lesi akusona inkomba main uma kukhethwa uwoyela. Baphetha ngokuthini main, okumele ilandelwe - kangakanani uthole mnandi ku nemingcele ebekiwe kule ngezigaba ngumkhiqizi. Khona-ke, angaphansi kwemithetho yokusebenza Turbo yakho udizili njalo uyokhonza yonke mngcele.
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