Ababili-unhlangothi-diesel: isimiso wokusebenza, idivayisi, ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo

Modern udizili - kuyinto kudivayisi ngempumelelo nge ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu. Uma diesels ngaphambili phezu imishini yezolimo (tractor, abavuni, njll P.), Ngesikhathi samanje anemisila evamile izimoto edolobheni. Yiqiniso, othile abahlanganyela naye udizili intuthu emnyama kusukela ipayipi qeda. Okwesikhathi esithile, kodwa manje ohlelweni qeda is athuthukisiwe, futhi imiphumela enjalo ezingemnandi cishe akekho. Ake sixoxe ngezizathu ezimbili-unhlangothi-diesel kanye nezici zabo.

Olunye ulwazi jikelele

Isici esiyinhloko salelo injini diesel kuyinto ukusebenza kahle yayo owengeziwe. Lokhu kungenxa ngokwezinga elikhulu uphethiloli okungukuthi 15% kahle. Uma ubheka i-fuel ezingeni yamangqamuzana, lapha sibona eside chain hydrocarbon. Ngenxa yalesi nekusebenta okukhiphayo udizili lisetudlwana kuka uphethiloli.

Isimiso ezisebenza Classic udizili kuyinto ukuguqula ezinyakazayo reciprocating mshini crank (crank) ku umsebenzi lokukhanda. Umehluko ukhiye we yangaphakathi omlilo injini egijima ku uphethiloli kuyinqubo sokulungiselela kanye ukuthungela ingxube uphethiloli emoyeni.

Ngo udizili ingxube kumiswa senzeka ngqo ekamelweni amandla omlilo. Ngakho, lapho ingcindezi esiphezulu kwenzeka ukuthungela ingxube. Okuhle noma okubi, sizakwenza kamuva, futhi manje ake sihlole ezithakazelisa kakhulu.

Ababili-unhlangothi udizili

motor okunjalo uhlobo okwamanje has a ukusabalala amancane, njengoba injini rotary-piston. Siqukethe a ophephela igesi, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu ukuguqulwa energy ezishisayo ku-mechanical Blower. Isimiso izinyathelo lokugcina ukwandisa umthamo ngokwandisa ingcindezi. Ngenxa yalokho - encishisiwe petrol.

I amasilinda yenjini ahlelwe okuphambene nomunye evundlile. Empeleni, kungani ezimbili-unhlangothi izinjini ngakho okuthiwa? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-amasilinda isebenze kuphela inguqula-mbuso omunye crankshaft. Okungukuthi esinalo amawashi amabili.

Eqhuba ezimbili-unhlangothi udizili umjikelezo kanje. Lapho piston sehlela iphuzu yalo ephansi impela, uMbhalo ugcwele emoyeni. Esikhathini esithile ngesikhathi valve qeda kuvula kanye amagesi therethrough. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusebenzisa phansi ewindini ku amasilinda enikeziwe emoyeni.

Isimiso ezisebenza we ezimbili-unhlangothi udizili

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini esetshenziswa ingashiswa: iwindi futhi valve-umqhewu. Lapho zisetshenziswa amabhokisi isilinda ukuze itheku futhi esidayisa - lena uhlelo iwindi. Uma inkinga kushintshwe ngokusebenzisa valve akhethekile e itheku uMbhalo bese efasiteleni ke uhlelo valve-umqhewu. Le ndlela wokuhlanza futhi siwasebenzise elilungile more. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akubona bonke emoyeni zishiywe isilinda. Abanye-ke ingaphandle motor. Okubizwa ngokuthi oqondile-ukugeleza yokuhlanza uhlelo inikeza ukususwa kahle imikhiqizo amandla omlilo kusukela amasilinda.

Ababili-unhlangothi udizili ingaqalisa isikhathi eside impela. Lokhu kungenxa okumbalwa isinyathelo mechanical ngaphakathi isilinda. Kusukela piston iqala ukuhamba kwayo kusukela maphakathi phansi efile. Ngalesi sikhathi, valve eyanele ulivala iwindi. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo kokucindezelwa iqala. Umlomo wombhobho itholakala endaweni engenhla efile. Okokhelekayo ephakamayo ngezindiza ashisayo. Lapho piston phansi umkhiqizo omlilo unwetshiwe.

Valve ingashiswa umqhewu

Ukwenyuka okukhulu kuphela bungatholakala lapho kahle emoyeni motor egobhoza eksisi isilinda. Uma ngamanzi indandatho elisetshenziswa zokuqala ezimbili-unhlangothi izinjini, okuyinto enganikanga yi efanele, bese kamuva kuphela esetshenziswa valve-umqhewu. Lolu hlelo wakwazi ukunciphisa inani izindawo hhayi kushaywa uMbhalo. Uhlelo avunyelwe kancane ekuqaleni ukuvala valve yokuxhuma. Le ndlela kakhulu kwanciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwenkokhiso fresh futhi supercharging ngcono. Namuhla, valve-umqhewu ukukhipha esetshenziswa emikhunjini bese nezempi.

Izinzuzo ezimbili-unhlangothi injini

Injini okuqala wethulwa emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho zakudala 4-stroke udizili. Esanda kutholakala, kwakukhona 2-stroke likaphethiloli izinjini. Isici esiyinhloko - mass encane. Lapha sikwazi ukukhuluma ukunciphisa isisindo by 40-50% kusukela diesels zakudala ukuba samanzi. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu esibalulekile imoto yesimanje, uma onjiniyela ozama ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa isisindo izimoto.

Enye inzuzo ukuthi idivayisi kuyinto ezimbili-unhlangothi udizili kancane okulula umfowabo. izingxenye ezimbalwa benza izinsizakalo kulula nokuningi ngemali ephansi. Ngenkathi yokugcina kungaba futhi phikisana ngoba akubona bonke ebhekene nale hlobo injini. Okunjalo iyunithi amandla kungaba okulungisa futhi ukulungisa kanye ubuncane amathuluzi. Eqinisweni, lena inguqulo lula we yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona supercharger konga uphethiloli kakhulu. Cishe 40-50% of diesel ukulondolozwa sibonga design push-silingo. Yiqiniso, zonke izinjini babe elithola abo kanye nebubi. Kwezinye izimo, nebubi ezibaluleke kakhudlwana, ngoba nomkhawulo isicelo jikelele.

ubuthakathaka bomuntu siqu

Nalapha futhi, uma bhala yonke nemibi ohlwini, imemori iza injini yokunyathelisa. Iqiniso lokuthi lapha kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa bokwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• nezindleko eziphezulu nesondlo;
• yokuntuleka izingxenye ezisele;
• amahle injini.

Iphuzu lokuqala elokuthi ngenxa yokungabi bikho workshop lapho ukulungele bathatha ezimbili-unhlangothi udizili ukulungisa. Lokhu kungokwemvelo futhi enengqondo ngoba abakhiqizi ababaningi ngobuningi lezi izinjini, inombolo ngisho ezincane amaqoqo izimoto. Ngo isevisi esiteshini ezivamile amandla iyunithi uma benza kanjalo, kuyabiza.

Kodwa ngokuvamile kukhona nje lokususa eyesithathu - asikho isidingo onga izingxenye. Okuningi ngokunembile, zingabantu, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi oda. Abakwazi ulinde inyanga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Uma emadolobheni amakhulu bazokwazi ukulungisa okunjalo yangaphakathi omlilo injini i futhi uthole izingxenye, emaphandleni ase ukwenza kanjalo akulula ukuthi aphumelele. Nazi izinzuzo nezingozi lena udizili. Kodwa manje cabanga ngemininingwane embalwa ebalulekile.

Okuncane uhlelo Lubrication

Njengoba siye waqonda, lokhu injini diesel has izimfanelo zayo siqu nalapho bebafushane khona. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu we uhlelo Lubrication. Yena unesibopho ukusebeza kahle bezihlikihla izingxenye futhi pholisa, imali yesibambiso. Wonke umuntu uye eside kwaziwa ukuthi ngalezi zinhloso isetshenziswa uwoyela motor Kunconywa ngumkhiqizi. Esimweni sethu, labo bonke okufanayo.

A amazwi ambalwa Ngithanda ukusho mayelana ukugeleza lubricating uketshezi. Akukona kudingekile ukulinda umnotho. Lokhu kungenxa ukwengeza igrisi ngqo yokubasela operation evamile izingxenye bezihlikihla. Kunengqondo ukuthi kuyothiwa wachitha ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi kuyodingeka ukungezwa njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-yokulamba encane uwoyela kungalimaza ezimbili-unhlangothi-diesel ngokushesha okukhulu. Okungenani ku-oda ngaphambili kunokuvamile uphethiloli injini. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo Lubrication kuyinto kunalokho ebuthakathaka kuka uhlangothi oluqinile futhi okungafanele siyikhohlwe ngakho.

ku kwemvelo

Eminyakeni yamuva, onjiniyela njalo uzama inciphise izinto eziyingozi sasikhipha qeda uhlelo emkhathini. umbuzo ngemvelo kuyinto ngempela oyingozi. Uma sekuyisikhathi eside amazwe aseYurophu owethulwa zokunakekelwa kwemvelo, kuba kunalokho eRussia. Njengoba for diesel ngokukhiqiza jikelele, futhi sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa ekhethekile particulate izihlungi kanye ongaphakeme-umlotha amafutha ukuthi kakhulu ukunciphisa kwekhabhoni eziyingozi emkhathini.

Esimweni sethu, labo kwakuthiwa amafutha kushiswe ekamelweni. It has a kusimo enkulu kusukela umbono ngemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ingxube uphethiloli emoyeni akuyona oluvuthayo kanye ubona ngaphandle. Konke lokhu kanye ohlelweni qeda okubangela umonakalo omkhulu emkhathini. Ngakho-ke, ababili-unhlangothi-diesel efaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa kwezobuchwepheshe ezempi kanye zezindiza.

Aviation udizili

Yande zalezi zinhlobo motors etholwe amasu indiza. Okusetshenziswe kakhulu e izindiza ukukhanya. ukusebenza okuphezulu nge Ubukhulu encane - kwaba izici juqu endabeni yokukhetha amandla amayunithi for izindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona futhi engekho ukuthungela umfutho owadlalela kangcono kuphela. ukusebenza ICE kuyekwa kanye supply amafutha kanye emoyeni ingxube.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimbili-unhlangothi udizili zasolwandle akesabi nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile nqabela omkhulu kuyinto eyengeziwe yangaphakathi omlilo injini Ukupholisa, okuyinto enhle kakhulu. Konke lokhu, kanye nokusetshenziswa uphethiloli ayibizi, okwenza le diesel uthandwa kakhulu. ukusatshalaliswa True yinkimbinkimbi elilinganiselwe ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa compressor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nophethiloli kufanele igrisi wanezela, nakho izindleko akuyona ezishibhile. Ngo zezindiza jikelele siyindlela esikhulu, ngenxa ukuthola la maqiniso angenhla.

Ukwandiswa umthwalo ezishisayo

Sibukeze timphawu letibalulekile lokhu injini. Ngokwesibonelo, manje wazi ukuthi hlobo luni injini isisindo futhi yiziphi izimfanelo zayo kanye nobuthakathaka. Kodwa ngingathanda ukuba ucabangele tesakhiwo ambalwa amandla iyunithi. Ikakhulukazi, sizogxila uhlelo indlu. Iqiniso ukuthi ezimbili-unhlangothi udizili kuyinto ukushisa-ukulayishwa, kunemikhiqizo 4-stroke. Lokhu kungenxa imvamisa okwandisiwe piston. It is etholwe, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa izinga lokushisa ekamelweni. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa Ukupholisa ngempumelelo. Uma ukhuluma ngani zezindiza, yonke into icacile. esinejubane futhi Ukuhamba ezayo kuthiwa zenza umsebenzi wazo. Kuyefana nasendleleni ezisebenza yesithwathwa ezinzima, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi ezungezile kuphela plus.

Kwezinye izimo kubalulekile amanzi indlu. Ngokuvamile kuba uhlelo classical. Into kuphela kufanele sinake, ngakho-ke phezu ukuseviswa ngokubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinhlangano. Okweqile, ngisho esifushane, kungase kuholele wenza umcimbi noma ezinye izinkinga. Kunoma ikuphi, kungenzeka ezifana kumele isuswe.

isisetshenziswa udizili

ngokukhethekile kufanele inikwe isisetshenziswa ukuhlela injini. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ukuthi kukodwa iphila udizili esingaphansi amandla likaphethiloli iyunithi. Lokhu kungenxa ukusetshenziswa uhlobo nophethiloli. It ishiya idiphozi ekamelweni amandla omlilo futhi injectors. Konke lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ekuphileni inkonzo. Ngokuqondene ezimbili-unhlangothi omlilo yangaphakathi injini injini diesel ke okuningi kuncike izimo zokusebenza, kanye inkonzo ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma amafutha washintsha ngesikhathi, kanti injini akusho overheat, ikwazi ukugijima amakhilomitha angu-200,000. Ukuze isisetshenziswa armored okukhulu komyalelo wokungabi 100,000 amakhilomitha.

imininingwane ebalulekile

udizili ezimbili-unhlangothi Modern injini libhekene uhlelo fuel eziphambili. Amanzi ahamba motor buthule futhi ngokushelela. Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. I futha mechanical has izici zayo siqu. Ikakhulukazi, umlomo wombhobho ngayinye sasingaphansi oseceleni. Le ndlela Nokho unobuthakathaka nezici, kodwa owaziwa ngokuba ukwethembeka futhi maintainability okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kamuva ukumpompa ngcono futhi babe eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kube simiso "Common Rail". I wesitimela kukawoyela lolu hlobo igcina ingcindezi ye-oda 2 million kilograms sentimutha ngamunye yisikwele. I Imibhobho esemzimbeni bazwelane kakhudlwana izinga uphethiloli kukhona. fuel Kubi kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwabo okusheshayo.

Kufinyeta

Ngokuvamile, ezimbili-unhlangothi-diesel ezothuthukiswa ngcono. Noma kunjalo, efana rotary-piston yangaphakathi omlilo engine, basuke kahle ezibhaliwe. Nokho, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze bona esiyoba niche embonini yezimoto. Namuhla zisetshenziswe izindiza futhi imikhumbi emikhulu commercial nezempi. Kuyinto injini okunokwethenjelwa futhi kuqhathaniswa ukonga, okuyinto ngokunakekela efanele ngeke isebenze kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akusiyo ngaphandle nezinkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, inkinga okukhulu Ukupholisa ngomoya kanye Lubrication. Okubaluleke kakhulu umbuzo ngemvelo. Kudinga eziyinkimbinkimbi filtration uhlelo ukuze sihlangabezane nezindinganiso kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ezilula, ekukhiqizweni, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi izinjini kuzo zonke izinhlobo izimoto kunzima futhi akunakwenzeka okwamanje. Kodwa ekuthuthukiseni ohlelweni qeda gas uhlanzekile uyakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga futhi uyolokhu ebahola yokuthi ababili-unhlangothi izinjini uzobe esakazwa.