Uyini manufactory? Ukwakha of izolo nanamuhla

Uyini manufactory? Ngomqondo zakudala manufactory - uhlobo ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, owandulela ukusungulwa emikhulu umshini umkhakha. Nokho, igama elithi "manufactory" is multivalued. Isetshenziselwa ukucacisa isigaba oluthile ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza i-capitalism kanye uhlobo ibhizinisi zama-Capitalist. nendwangu ngokuvamile okuthiwa yendwangu imikhiqizo yenkampani, ehlotshiswe nge umshini. Ukuze ubheke izinhlobo ezahlukene wezandla izikhungo zabantu, izimboni, ikakhulukazi yendwangu kanye ukwelukwa, futhi umsindo igama elithi "enza".

Manufactory - ngokuyinhloko ukukhiqizwa mathupha. Lokhu kufakazelwa igama elithi "enza» (manufactura), ezakhiwe nokuhlanganiswa amagama amabili Latin: "Manus" - "isandla" futhi "Factura" - "ekwenziweni". umsebenzi wezandla - esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisa manufactory izimboni kanye workshop, umsebenzi okuyinto esekelwe ukukhiqizwa imishini kanye elihambayo.

Ukuletha ukucaciseleka yombuzo "yini le manufactory", okokuqala kunakho konke, kufanele sibheke umlando ivela khona. kokumethemba zalo zazikunye ergasteria Antique (izitolo), medieval wokubambisana abajikelezayo, izitolo izikebhe, kanti izinhlangano zabo (izitolo). Ngu ekupheleni zakudala zezentengiselwano ephakathi, okuyinto craftwork ngokomthetho, imithetho, imiyalo basakaza futhi ulawule izinga imikhiqizo, ayisekho sihambisana ezingokoqobo kwenkathi. Ukudala ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi manufactory, kubalulekile ukuba banake nemibandela ivela khona. Isidingo emikhulu imikhiqizo wabonakala ngesikhathi lapho ekhula obuciko ukuhweba, kufezeke okutholakele womhlaba, ukuba balolonge emakethe ekukhiqizweni. Ngakho, zikhula kudingeka ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ezibizayo, eklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo yezikhulu esikhathini ngokuphelele emandleni obukhosi eFrance (XVII leminyaka.). ukukhiqizwa Major, ukukhiqiza, okuholela esiningi lapho inkantolo ducal, ngenza impahla yendlu, tapestries, zobumba, imigexo, amakhadi ukudlala nezinye izinto zokunethezeka.

Ukukhiqizwa sokuqala ngqa-European yokukhiqiza kubhekwa ukuba manufactory zobumba, eyasungulwa ngo-1710 enqabeni Albrechtsburg (Meissen). Kamuva, ibhizinisi okwenza wezandla izihloko ezihlukahlukene bavele emadolobheni amaningi aseYurophu.

Kuyini manufactory, sasazi emuva lé ekhulwini XVII eRussia. Ngesikhathi elapho breech (isigodlo) kanye umthengisi izitolo ukuthi babe ezinye izici yokukhiqiza. Ukukhula okubonakalayo zokukhiqiza yokukhiqiza laligujwa at Peter I. Ekupheleni XVIII - ekuqaleni XIX eminyaka amabhizinisi adaliwe zalolu hlobo, eziningi zazo ezisebenza ngempumelelo namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani laseMoscow endala yendwangu JSC "Trekhgorny Ukukhiqizwa".

Manufactory - akuyona nje isigaba ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza yezimboni zanamuhla. Ikhwalithi imikhiqizo eyenziwe izingcweti, ikhwalithi uphakeme ngaphezu ukukhiqiza efektri. indima eliyigugu ngempela yokukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa ekulondolozweni yamasiko obuciko e yobuciko neyezandla, womshini imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele osukwini lethu amakhosi kwenziwe izandla.