Saprophytes: ukuthi kuyini, sizodlani, lapho uhlala khona?

Emvelweni kukhona eziphilayo - amagciwane, isikhunta, izitshalo, izilwane - fed compounds ngomumo eyenziwe organic. Umthombo we-carbon izinhlayiya ngabo kukhona imikhiqizo efile noma kuchithwa izidalwa eziphilayo nemvelo. izidalwa maKristu abizwa 'saprophytes ". Kuyini lokhu? Sizama ukuthola kulesi sihloko.

Umsuka kwegama

Igama leli qembu eziphilayo lisuselwa emagameni amabili lesiGreki: "sesibolile" futhi "isitshalo". Kusuka lapha ungakwazi ngokoqobo uqonde okushiwo umqondo. Saprophytes lufakwa ekudleni omunye umsebenzi eziphilayo, isitshalo izicubu futhi isilwane, ngokuvamile - efile.

Indima saprophytes

Iqhaza salezi zidalwa bemvelo ku kunyatheliswa global izidakamizwa. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ophilayo kuze kube phakade ukuze afe. Ngakho wahlela ngokwemvelo. saprophytes Abaningi senzelwe nokulahla izicubu efile. Ngaphandle kwawo, umhlaba bekuzokuba abasuke bengene shí imfucuza yabo siqu, futhi wonke emhlabeni abayokuya ugcwele imfucuza kanye imfucuza imikhiqizo eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene - kwabaphilayo nabafileyo. Saprophytes enze indima ngokwesimo abahlanzi ukuthi ukuhlanza indawo impilo entsha. nabo ukubola izicubu eziphilayo zibe izakhi zawo ingxenye, abese esetshenziswa nezinye izinto eziphilayo ngoba amandla abo kanye nokusebenza.

Yini bacterium abizwa ngokuthi ama saprophytes?

Ingqikithi amagciwane ophilayo eMhlabeni kakhulu ngempela hhayi amenable ukuba ukubala ngqo. Nezilwanyana ezincane kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ngezigaba eziphilayo - umbuso eziningi kakhulu. Iningi amagciwane ezikhona saprophytes.

imisebenzi eyisisekelo

amagciwane Saprophitic: kuyini? inhloso yabo - ukubola udaba eziphilayo ezindaweni zasemanzini inhlabathi, ukubamba iqhaza aligugu, umjikelezo we izakhi zamakhemikhali. Azotobacter, isibonelo, ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo inqubo nitrogen nenkanuko edlulele. Ezinye - zinendima ebalulekile ukuguqulwa carbon, i-sulphur, phosphorus. Futhi enye indoda "usizo" nezilwanyana ezincane ukupheka ukudla. Phela, inqubo yokubola acidosis incike saprophytes. Ukhilimu omuncu, cottage shizi, ushizi, elibilile ubisi Baked, ukhukhamba, ongaphakeme-utshwala iziphuzo - mikhiqizo okungekho amagciwane nje lalingekho.

ulwelwe oluluhlaza

Lezi cyanobacteria zinengxenye ukukhiqizwa oxygen. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi la magciwane lasendulo waqala ukwakha izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule, emkhathini woMhlaba. Phela ayengemaningi izihlahla, nezinye izitshalo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana e inqubo ye-photosynthesis -mpilo. I-bacterium ayekhona. Ngisho kwamanje - ngenxa izinombolo zabo ezinkulu - sabo ukukhiqizwa gas kubalulekile.

Fungus kanye izitshalo saprophitic

I umbuso isikhunta futhi babe abameleli kulesi sigaba: amancane naphakathi, ngisho ezinkulu. Zisetshenziswa amahlamvu ukudla paluyu, humus, iziqu kanye amagatsha, ubulongwe, namalahle, izimpaphe phansi zezinyoni, dander isilwane. Ngokuvamile - zonke eziphilayo, zenza ayatholakala. Ngokwesibonelo, izilinganiso indawo elimhlophe, ophuzi lozhnoopenok sulphur, Coprinus Shaggy, e-aspen, amakhowe birch kukhona saprophytes nabanye abaningi. amakhowe zasendle eziningi zivela izitshalo ephakeme (izihlahla, izihlahla) e Symbiosis, kwaveza zonke izinhlobo izinsalela yezitshalo nezilwane umquba kudingeka isitshalo umsoco.

Inani Huge (ngokuvamile - akumnandi ngokuphelele) kufanele zonke izinhlobo ezincane isikhunta-saprophytes. Avame ukutholakala e ukudla, waliguqula kubo imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile, ukudala njengoba ezidliwayo esikhathini esizayo, kanye imikhiqizo non-ezidliwayo. nesinkwa kanye jam omuncu, oludakisayo ijusi yezithelo, apula abolile - "izandla" into yabo. I amaminerali - Kombucha, irayisi Indian, ukuvutshelwa fungal ekukhiqizeni utshwala.

Esikhathini umbuso isitshalo futhi saprophytic. Kuyini lokhu? Lezi lingekho flora ngokuvamile photosynthesis izakhi (zombala) kanti inqubo yenziwa ngenxa nezimo ukusebenzisa amandla avela isikhunta, isibonelo. Nakwenzeka photosynthesis kungenzeka esinqunyiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye zama-orchid kuphela ngokwezinga elithile incike isikhunta, kodwa angafeza photosynthesis futhi eminye.

izitshalo maKristu abizwa mikogeterotrofami. Bahlanganisa angaphezu kuka-400 kuzo zonke izinhlobo.

Animal saprophytes. Kuyini lokhu?

Phakathi nezilwane futhi babe eziphilayo efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, saprophytes izibungu (arachnids umndeni). Lezi eyisinambuzane azisekelwe ngqo ku nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kodwa compounds ngomumo eyenziwe organic usadinga. Basebenzisa amandla ezibolile yabo isitshalo noma izicubu isilwane. Saprophytes zingaphezu 150 zama-izibungu ngothuli, ezinye zazo abhekwa allergenic. Abakwazi angabonwa kuphela ngesibonakhulu, njengoba osayizi yabo sakugcina (isilinganiso - 0.2 mm). I span ngokuphila kwesilwane - cishe izinyanga ezine. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, le ngomnikelo omncane zesifazane has isikhathi hlehlisa kuze kufinyelele amaqanda 300. Kodwa igremu elilodwa vo lalolu uthuli kungaba "afake" ukuze ezimbalwa zalezi zinto. Ukudla abakudlayo isikhumba ishq ungqimba zabantu abakhona ngobuningi, lapho umuntu elele (ngokusho isayensi, indoda bungadida ngonyaka kuze kube 700 amagremu izinhlayiya isikhumba ufile, futhi zidla uthuli izibungu saprophytes).