Malic acid

Malic acid (Formula NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH) oksiyantarnaya, hydroxycarboxylic dibasic (izithelo acid). It imelelwa kungekho nto enemibala emihle crystalline izidakamizwa. Malic acid kahle oncibilikayo Ethanol namanzi, kahle - e-ether.

Ingqikithi has a ukuhlanzwa, anti-oxidant, eqeda ukuvuvukala, hydrating nobumnene izakhiwo astringent.

Ukwahlukanisa NOOSSN2SN acid (OH) COOH

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ezivamile L-malic acid. Ukuma - eziyikhulu degrees. Kakhulu oncibilikayo emanzini. I solubility of ethanol 68,3 g diethyl ether - 1.9 amagremu ngamunye engamakhulu amagremu kuphela.

D-malic acid has a lokushisa ukuncibilika 130,8 degrees. Solubility e Ethanol - 35,9 g, diethyl ether - 0.6 amagremu ngamunye engamakhulu amagremu kuphela.

Bobabili izinto kukhona zingaxazululeki benzene.

Malic acid endowed chemical izakhiwo oxyacids. nosawoti Kwalo esters okukhulunywe Malatya. Lapho sishisiswe degrees eziyikhulu kwenzeka ukuguquka malic anhydride acid, i lactide ezifanayo. Ngokuhamba Ukushisa isikhathi eside (kufika ku 140-150 degrees) kusiza ukuqedwa amanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa ukuguquka malic acid fumaric acid, nge okusheshayo Ukushisa elilodwa namashumi ayisishiyagalombili degrees is okwamanje, futhi anhydride maleic.

NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH kubhekwa kwenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu Lesisemkhatsini izinqubo umzimba eziphilayo. Malic acid ehilelekile umzimba ngendlela malate. Kumiswa It is in the tricarboxylic acid umjikelezo, gluconeogenesis ngesikhathi. Malate ngemva ukusabela enzymatic zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela pyruvate, fumarate, oxaloacetate.

Inkhulumo lelungiselelwe NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH ngu nokwehlisa tartaric acid, hydrolysis D, L- bromyantarnoy acid.

Ngo umkhakha NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo confectionery namanzi izithelo. Futhi malic acid isetshenziswa winemaking. izidakamizwa esebenzayo njengoba adjuster asidi i-ejenti isithokela.

Njengoba yenziwe malic acid (D, L) lapho ubuyisela oksaliluksusnoy acid NOOSSOSN2SOON Na ziyinhlanganisela noma hydrolysis yayo (oksaliluksusnoy acid) ester walulama.

Ingqikithi zemvelo ezitholakala izithelo acid. Lezi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa apula angavuthiwe, mountain ash izithelo, gooseberries, rhubarb. Ngo ugwayi malic acid kuqukethwe ifomu-calcium usawoti. Ingcosana lingatholakala ku iwayini. Emvelweni kwakhiwa NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH is ngenxa akuphelele namachibi inqubo ushukela. Ikakhulukazi endaweni enkulu lemali malic acid kungatholakala e amagilebhisi angavuthiwe (kusuka nantathu nanhlanu amagremu dm3 ngayinye). Phakathi yokuvuthwa inombolo izithelo NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH sehliselwe amagremu dm3 ngamunye amabili kuya kwamahlanu. ukwehla enjalo kule lokuhlushwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi imfuyo is bahileleke izinqubo zokuphefumula. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amagilebhisi ezisenyakatho wathola malic acid kunelawo izithelo ezivela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu. Okuqukethwe NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH, futhi kuncike izimo zezulu phakathi nonyaka futhi phezu ezihlukahlukene amagilebhisi.

Lapho ukuvutshelwa oludakayo komyalelo wokungabi amaphesenti amabili nanhlanu malic acid ukuncela nemvubelo. Phakathi ukwakheka utshwala nokululama -carbon dioxide. Amagcikwane Imiphumela ukuvutshelwa kwetinhlavu ubumsulwa okusezingeni eliphezulu succinic acid. Ukufingqa NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH kanye urea zamagama kuyinto base uracil (RNA ingxenye).

Ngaphansi kwethonya acidosis acid amagciwane kungehlisa malic acid acidosis acid. NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH kuthinta ukunambitheka iwayini. Okuqukethwe eliphezulu malic acid kubangela "asidi oluhlaza" - ukunambitheka abukhali. Kulezi zimo, ke eyenziwa begazi "asidi". inqubo isimiso kusekelwe ikhono imvubelo kanye acidosis acid amagciwane ukuncela NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH.