KumiswaImfundo yesibili nezikole

Yauza River eMoscow: umthombo nobude (isithombe)

I owumthelela kunazo zonke kwezingu-UMfula iMoscow ngaphakathi inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia kuyinto emfuleni Yauza. endaweni Basin lapho itholakala, kuyinto 452 km 2. ubude bayo - 48 km, ububanzi kuhluka amamitha 20 kuya 65, ikakhulukazi kwakunokungavumelani kungenxa yokufakelwa embhedeni ukunwetshwa. Umfula ugeleza khona ezindaweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga futhi ephakathi ye eMoscow. Ngo-1908, yena okwakuthiwa u umngcele esemthethweni eMoscow, endaweni phakathi kwegumbi kanye kushaft-Kollezhkogo confluence p. Kopytovki. Kwimfunda lomfula Yauza itholakala esifundeni North-Eastern, inhloko-dolobha. Lizungezwe izimfunda encane namasimu. Amandla ekusakazeni aqueous 90% ngo-iqhwa.

incazelo

River Jauza has 12 nemingenela ngakwesokudla (Chernogryazka, Sukromka nabanye) washiya 5 (Golden Horn, testis). On usebe lwawo wakhushulwa Bauman eMoscow State Technical University. Ukusakaza Amanzi agelezela bedabula imizana Tayninka, ibhali, amadolobha eMoscow Mytischi. On usebe lwawo zitholakala amasonto Serafima Sarovskogo futhi Sergiya Radonezhskogo, futhi u-Anidroniku Monastery. Nokho, lokhu akukhona konke izinto kungabonwa, elintantayo kuso. On ogwini lwayo kuhlobisa izigodlo: Catherine futhi Lefortovo. It uthululela eMfuleni Moskva. Le ndawo itholakala Omkhulu Ustinsky ibhuloho. Umthombo emfuleni Yauza - ixhaphozi epaki Elk Island.

ezindawo

Jauza welulela eMoscow ngo-km 27 kusuka eMoscow Ring Road ekuvezeni ku Okubanzi Street. Kugeleza Babushkinskiy wesifunda futhi Sviblovo, Botanical Garden, Prospect Mira, bese iwela "hug" kwaleli chibi ngo Sokolniki. Ngaphambi singene UMfula iMoscow, odabula Lefortovo nomhlaba udonga.

Kwimfunda lomfula Yauza cishe ngo esimweni sayo sendalo liyalondolozwa kuphela endaweni ephakathi isiqhingi-moose futhi Sokolniki. Singasho ukuthi kule ndawo ayitsintseki engu-technology. Lapha-ke kancane imbozwe ihlathi. Nakuba kwezinye izindawo kakhulu waqala ukugcwala noma ugwadule kukhona ukhula. Eminyakeni 60-70. ngenxa yemisebenzi unomphela ukunweba embhedeni kakhulu ziyancipha ezingeni yamanzi Yauza. Ukuze uligcwalise, yayakhiwe emiseleni ohlanganisa iVolga elisemcengezini, Khimki Reservoir futhi Golovinskoye yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi. Ngenxa ukwakhiwa okunjalo indlela kwatheleka Lihoborka wagcwala amanzi, okuyinto laduma ngaphesheya komfula Yauza.

toponymy

Kwezinye zemihla lasendulo igama Yauza emfuleni linjengezwi Auza. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi hydronym uvela Slavic futhi Finno-Ugric izilimi. Cishe, igama "Yauza" lihlobene negama Baltic izwi Auzes, kanye appellatives yayo Auzaine, Auzajs, okusho "ngesilevu", "utshani", "i-oats Isiqu."

ngomlando Yauza River

Amanzi ukugeleza Yauza Cishe njalo wayehlala imikhumbi, yokuxhuma eningizimu yeRussia ne uVladimir. Encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla lasendulo kwakuthiwa kwakubalulekile ngokwanele ukuba komuzi ngasemthonjeni wamanzi. Ekhulwini XVII lolu zungu awakhele kuso. Peter mina, inkosi yokugcina futhi umbusi wokuqala we-Russia, ngiphuphe ukuthi liyoshiswa kokujoyina iVolga noMfula Moskva. Lapha, lesi sitshalo, okwenzeka womshini oseyili lakhiwa.

Iziqhingi eduze Yauza behlaliswe a itshe lokugaya okusanhlamvu, ukuze abantu abahlala kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ukudayiswa isinkwa. Ezikhathini zasendulo, umfula wawukade obalulekile ukuhweba iphuzu, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe ngokushesha walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo. Manje isetshenziselwa hambo lokuya edolobheni elikhulu eRussia, etshela abantu indaba nokubonisa izinto.

ukuthuthukiswa navigation

River Yauza eMoscow kuyinto lokuthumela, kodwa kuphela isikhawu kusuka isimo Square kuya UMfula iMoscow. On ukugeleza kwamanzi 23 amabhuloho abantu abahamba emgwaqweni 28 - izimoto, 6 - I-trams, kanye 6 - ujantshi. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona izitsha ezincane. Kodwa ngesikhathi umsebenzi lobuchwepheshe ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuthola imikhumbi emikhulu inhlangano "Mosvodostok". Kuyinto inkampani wahlanganyela ukusekela isimo emfuleni, ukubukela ebumsulweni balo.

izigaba imikhumbi kungenziwa ngokuthi kanye ibanga amakhilomitha amabili kusukela Yaroslavl emgwaqweni omkhulu wamyisa Bogatyrsky ibhuloho. Kube ngokuvamile babonakala motorboats. Ngasekuqaleni ngo-2000, le ndawo yasetshenziselwa ukuvuselelwa Yauza, ngokusebenzisa izitsha lobuchwepheshe. Amanzi ukugeleza akahlukile ububanzi enkulu. Cishe zonke izindawo imikhumbi mincane ngokwanele - hhayi ngaphezu kuka-25 m, ngaphandle ingxenye Headwater ukuthi eyakhelene Yauza imisele yamanzi. ububanzi cishe 65 m. Lapha emfuleni lizungezwe yashayisa unqenqema ukhonkolo, obude 3 m.

Izindawo navigation kuveza uphawu "Ungawuwisi ihange." Idamu ifakwe izibani ezibomvu, lomasango Syromyatnicheskaya Hydro - amarobhothi.

Ngeshwa, Ephakathi emfuleni Yauza, isithombe, ekhona imithombo abatelekile ubuhle, sibaluleke kakhulu isimo kuka manje.

imisele yamanzi Syromyatnicheskiy

imisele yamanzi Syromyatnicheskiy lakhiwa ngo-1940. It ikhona eMfuleni Yauza eduze komlomo wawo. Igama livela tanneries isiphetho, elilandelayo. Lapha ifakwe "Modovodostoka" yokupaka. INkantolo Yobulungisa lenhlangano zithutha udoti eqoqwe phezu Yauza futhi Moskva emfuleni, nsuku ekhethekile, afeze yokuhlanza jikelele umsebenzi ukuqapha isimo semvelo.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukukhanda kwenziwa phezu imisele yamanzi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, esangweni ukhandwa ngokugcwele futhi indawo esangweni naleli damu. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba abaphathi idolobha kwalungisa odongeni embankments.

Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Umthombo emfuleni Yauza hhayi ikakhulukazi ocebile izinhlanzi. Enhla ekusakazeni aqueous uhlala perch, roach, futhi phansi kuyabonakala ASP, ongenathemba, Pike. Kube ngokuvamile babonakala goose, Mallard, ngomhlanga Bunting, Canada Goose, kanye nezinyoni eziningi isidleke.

Njengazo zonke nemifula engcolile, libhekene izitshalo ezifana nezilwane, kokubili phytoplankton futhi zooplankton, zoobenthos (iminyundu kakhulu ezivamile futhi mollusk), ebusweni namahlamvu ezintantayo kanye ulwelwe kwamanzi. On ubumpofu ezinjalo izimila nezilwane endaweni eyinhloko umthelela. Kutholwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele edolobheni nokuba lenqwaba izitshalo kanye nezimboni ku Ugu, umfula ngokuvamile ikufanele ingcole kakhulu: samafutha angcolile futhi indle ingelashwa. Izinhlanzi nje abakwazi siqhubeke siphila ezimweni ezinjalo. Ososayensi baye Ezimweni ezimbalwa uyaca ubuthi aye alotshwa.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana UMfula iMoscow

Ukukhuluma emfuleni. Yauza, asinakulishalazela umlomo wawo - uMfula eMoscow. Kuyinto umfula oyinhloko-dolobha yombuso Russian Federation. ubude kuyinto 502 km. UMfula iMoscow evela ixhaphozi elikhulu edude Starkogo (Smolensk esifundeni). It agelezela emzini Kolomna e Oka. Selokhu Endulo, Kwakuwuhambo umzimba lamanzi elibalulekile lalo isimo, ngokuhlanganisa Novgorod futhi Smolensk, eVolga kanye Don. Inani elifanayo luhlala namuhla. Umsuka igama emfuleni lihlotshaniswa Finno-Ugric, aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Slavic izilimi. alikho okufushane nse.

UMfula iMoscow ezitholakele mayelana 30-35 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Okuvame kakhulu bream, roach futhi perch, Pike ingasaphathwa, bream, chub, carp, perch futhi chub. umdobi kweqiniso lucky ukubamba eyikati, ide, whitefish kanye nase kuphela. Ukuze andise labantu izinhlanzi ezifana Sturgeon, umfula ekhiqizwa gazinga, okuyinto okukhipha ngemishini. Ngenxa yezenzo zesintu e izinhlanzi UMfula iMoscow ukubhukuda zibonisane eduze kwamanzi amadamu kanye izindawo zokudoba. Kukhona imiphakathi zinhlobo ezifana carp, umbokwane, carp, trout futhi sabrefish.

ngemvelo

Ngenxa yokuthi emfuleni Yauza ocebile umkhakha, ezindaweni ezithile ukusakaza egcwele udoti, amanzi angcolile, uwoyela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amanzi safike olujulile kunuka kabi.

Ngokuyinhloko, ukungcola emfuleni kungenxa izinsimbi, engokwemvelo, ukudla okuqinile imisiwe, okuyizinto cishe zingaxazululeki futhi buthelela neningi. Konke lokhu uya emanzini ukugeleza izinkampani ume wachichima. Esikhathini enkabeni yedolobha nilingcolise emfuleni incibilikiswa, izulu elikhulu kwathi amanzi ezimbonini. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi lamanzi is eziwohlokayo.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umfula wawukade nephunga ezingemnandi, kukhona effluents eziningi kangaka eziyingozi akhicitwe nakuchubeka lokhu kugeleza. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kakade ekhulwini XIX, amanzi yaziwa njengenye langakufanelekela ukuphuza. Kodwa Yauza River Valley wakwazi ukugcina charm yayo. Kuthatha indawo engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yeMoscow. yimvelo ubukeka zemvelo kakhulu, edonsela bendawo ngeke abazithoba ukuza uphumule futhi ube nesikhathi esihle. Eminyakeni ethile edlule, abaphathi idolobha esebeké ukuze ingxenye emfuleni, wasinikeza a ukubukeka ukhululekile futhi ngenxa yobuhle: Setha ebhentshini kwamqinisa ebhishi, indlela owenziwe ngamatshe.

Inhlokodolobha IsiRashiya sinamagama amachibi angaphezu kuka-100. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emfuleni Yauza linendima ebalulekile empilweni sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa ayizange ingenelwe ukubaluleka umfula oyinhloko, eMfuleni eMoscow. Kuthinta umsebenzi wamabhizinisi eziningi, futhi kuncike isimo emvelweni of imvelo yakhe. Mayelana Yauza River esintwini uyazi ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka, ihlobene abaningi emlandweni futhi izenzakalo eziphawulekayo ekuphileni kwezinceku Russia. On amabhange kwakhona izitshalo zezindela, izikole kanye amapaki, izinkundla zemidlalo nezindawo zamakhosi, imitapo yolwazi kanye nazo izakhiwo ezimangalisayo nge ukuphakama kanye nesazisi yezakhiwo. Kwimfunda lomfula Yauza kuhlanganisa echibini, enhle futhi isimanga ngokubukeka kwabo.

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