Imihlola Optical: izibonelo. Khanyisa, utalagu, izibani enyakatho, rainbow

Le ndoda - okuyinhloko ukwakha izinqaba isihlabathi. Nokho, umkhuba libonisa ukuthi kuze kube Mother Nature ukulukhukhula. Isazi okuvela kuNkulunkulu uyakwazi liyinkohliso ezinjalo sisangulukile esithatha umoya wakho away! Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngomlingo uvele imihlola optical, izibonelo zazo sizobheka, awayona phantasmagoria, ngenxa ukugeleza izinqubo zemvelo. Isibhakabhaka inhomogeneous ukukhanya imisebe eMhlabeni kukhona bent, abangela ukukhohlisa aphethe. Kodwa ungacabanga ukuthi kwaba njani emhlabeni ngaphandle ubakhohlisa ngamaphupho nangemibono? Wayezoba grey ngakho ...

Khanyisa nombala

Ukukhuluma imihlola optical, ukukhanya kanye namafomu okuyinto ubona isizukulwane abantu ukugcizelela ukuthi imibala avele emkhathini ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya okumhlophe ngesikhathi nokuxhumana izinto emkhathini sehlukaniswe tincenye (spectrum). Cishe le ndlela yokusabela Kwenziwa amafomu omunye ezintathu eziyisisekelo: reflection, kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona (kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona) kanye umumo womsebenzi.

Uma sikhuluma bohlu, cabanga ngendlela ukufundisa ingane yakho ukukhumbula inhlanganisela umbala bands, okuholela ngidlula ugongolo ukukhanya kusetshenziswa yezokubona. Kuyasiza ibinzana elula: "Wonke umuntu (obomvu) Hunter (Orange) ufisa (ophuzi) ukwazi (green), lapho (blue) ihlala (blue) Isigaba (purple)".

Sokuzindla ukukhanya kuyinto okuvela amagagasi yesibili lokusakaza kusuka emngceleni abezindaba ezimbili emuva ku-medium kuqala. Kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona - kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ray emngceleni ophakathi abezindaba ezimbili. Umumo womsebenzi - ukubonisa ukukhanya fluxes ukudla okuqinile, amaconsi ketshezi, kanye nezinye izinto khona emkhathini. Konke lokhu kanye kunesizathu elichumayo Yonke Endaweni Yonke "kuwutalagu umbono." Izibonelo yavama: kusukela yini ngesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, mirages kanye uthingo ukuba amalanga zamanga nezingongolo welanga.

kuveza yangaphakathi

imihlola Optical physics - kusigaba ezibalulekile, okufanelekelayo wokutadisha ngokujulile. Ngakho ukuthi uzoqhubeka. Yokuzindla kwenzeka uma imisebe yokukhanya ehlela phezu surface bushelelezi futhi ubuye engela we engenayo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa lichaza imvelaphi imibala: ezimhlophe, ezinye esikuthola kalula kakhudlwana futhi kubonakala kunabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, into ebukeka sengathi umbala oluhlaza libonakala labo ngoba ubamba wave zonke ubude ukukhanya white, ngaphandle aluhlaza, lokubonakala.

Enye indlela - kuveza yangaphakathi - ngokuvamile ekhona echaza izenzakalo optical. Khanyisa engena emzimbeni esobala ngokomzimba (impahla), ezifana namanzi iconsi, futhi ngokusebenzisa ebusweni elingaphandle elingaphakathi kakade kukhanya. Khona-ke, okwesibili - material. umbala rainbow kungenziwa ngokwengxenye wachaza ngokuya kuveza yangaphakathi.

Rainbow-arc

Rainbow - buyinto optical ukuthi kwenzeka uma kwelanga nemvula ehlangana ngendlela ethile. Imisebe yokukhanya kwelanga ahlukaniselwe imibala sibona uthingo, babe bezigqokile lapho bengena amaconsi emvula. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ugongolo sigameko endleleni eya emhlabeni "imvula" engela ezithile, imibala abahlukene (ukukhanya okumhlophe ku spectrum), futhi sibona elikhazimulayo rainbow zemikhosi, sifana giant ibhuloho lulwimi yindilinga.

Kubonakala ukwehluka bands lwalugobile kuthé okhakhayini. umthombo likhipha uyohlale ungasemuva kwethu: ukubona ngokushesha ilanga ecacile futhi ubuhle uthingo bengayi (ngaphandle uma asetshenziselwe le nhloso, esibukweni). Lo mkhuba akukhona alien the Moon. Lapho esikhanyayo Moonlit ebusuku, ungabona rainbow "fan" futhi eduze Selena.

Lapho kukhona cishe abakwazi ukubona noma yini, usebenze kakhulu ukulimala photoreceptors ukukhanya esweni womuntu - "izinti". Basengozini ingxenye Emerald-luhlaza bohlu, eminye imibala "ungaziboni." Ngenxa yalokho, i-uthingo lubonakale olumhlophe. Lapho ukukhanyisa buyaqina, exhunywe "Izigaxa", ngokusebenzisa lezi eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa arc ubukeka ezimibalabala ngaphezulu.

utalagu

Emhlabeni esiyibonayo kuphela ingxenye eyinhloko rainbow mbuthano. Ukukhanya kungokoqobo reflection olulodwa. Ezintabeni ungabona rainbow isiyingi. Bewazi yini ukuthi "ubuhle" kuyinto ezimbili noma ezintathu? Rainbow, esingu phezu rainbow, kancane elikhanyayo futhi "nabokhulumile" (ngoba ubonisa wokuqala). Icala lesithathu, lapho umoya crystal ecacile futhi esobala (isib izintaba). Kakhulu umbukwane evamile.

Mirage - mkhuba Optical ezingeke ngokuthi abavamile. ERussia, kuba kuqhathaniswa ezingavamile. Njalo khuluma igama eliwumlingo, kusenza sikhumbule ukuthi le nganekwane emkhunjini abayizipoki "The Flying umDashi". Ngokusho yetinsita induna icala yena bayotshala izilwandle kuze Ukuza yesibili.

Futhi nakhu omunye, "le umDashi". Flying baba impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Repulse", wethuka kakhulu ngo-December 1941 ngasogwini eCeylon. It wabona "basondelene kakhulu," iqembu le "umthengisi" British bomkhumbi, ungaphakathi endaweni Maldives. Eqinisweni, le mikhumbi ahlukaniswe amakhilomitha 900!

Fata Morgana

"I Flying umDashi" nabanye - imihlola optical, izibonelo kweqoqo mirages emangalisayo "Fata Morgana" (yaqanjwa Heroine British amaqhawe). UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki mkhuba optical luyinhlanganisela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Esibhakabhakeni akha eziyinkimbinkimbi, oguqukayo isithombe. Ukubheka izinhlobo ezisekude aqhelile, kubonakala, ungakwazi go crazy, ngakho bathatha "obuphathekayo".

Izimangaliso kubangelwa izimo asemkhathini kungaba ukudida ubani. Ikakhulukazi ezifana nokubonakala "amanzi ungqimba" ehlane noma emgwaqweni ashisayo okubangelwa kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ray. izingane kuphela, kodwa abadala angikwazi ukubalekela umuzwa wokuthi izilwane, imithombo, izihlahla, izakhiwo zingokoqobo. Kodwa-ke ngeshwa!

Khanyisa sidlula izingqimba Ukuboshelwa ukufuthelana emoyeni, ukudala uhlobo 3D image. Mirazhi aphansi (elikude indiza ebusweni kuthatha ifomu yamanzi evulekile), side (eduze zenzeka kakhulu evuthayo ebusweni mpo), chrono (nokuzala izenzakalo ezidlule).

izibani enyakatho

Ecabanga ngalokho kukhona izenzakalo optical, akunakwenzeka ukusho mayelana enyakatho (polar) Ukubengezela. It has izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: amahle kudabuke elikhazimulayo futhi nezimagqabhagqabha efana namafu. Ukukhanya okukhulu, njengoba umthetho, "tape". Kwenzeka ukuthi elikhanyayo umbala bands uyayeka hhayi ngobugebengu ku nabavoti.

Ngo kwesihenqo amnyama isikhala wasezulwini, njengoba umthetho, wenabisela ohlangothini kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. "Flex" ongafinyelela amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana ububanzi futhi abangamakhulu amaningana - okusezingeni eliphezulu. Akukona Friend, kodwa "isithiyo" nomzimba omncane, lapho izinkanyezi ziyakhazimula. emehlweni enhle kakhulu.

Unqenqema engezansi "Backstage" lobuhlalu, has a ngokubomvu noma luhlaza pink, njengokungathi phezulu siphela ebumnyameni, ngakho wazizwa kahle i isikhala ukujula esingachazeki. Sixoxa izinhlobo ezine auroras.

Isakhiwo eyohlobo

Okuhle, ukuma elula kukhanye phansi egqamile futhi ancibilikisa phezulu, ngokuthi arc eyohlobo; asebenzayo, iselula, nge pleats esihle nemifudlana - arc akhishwa imisebe yalo. Shining emphethweni, agqagqene (omkhulu encane), ngokuthi "band akhishwa imisebe yalo."

Futhi uhlobo lwesine - lapho endaweni emphethweni, lezihitshela ezingamatshumi iba yinkulu kakhulu. Emva umsebenzi Ukuvalwa itheyiphu lithola isakhiwo iyunifomu. Kukholakala ukuthi homogeneity - isakhiwo eyisisekelo "Umhlonishwa." kuphakama Amanya kuphela ngesikhathi okhulisa umsebenzi ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

Kunezinye izenzakalo optical. Izibonelo hhayi zivimbela uhlu olungezansi. Flurry - izibani, okunikeza sonke cap polar kuyinto kukhanya olumhlophe-green. It is baphawula phezu eningizimu nezingongolo enyakatho Earth, Iceland, Norway futhi t. D. kuphakama Lo mkhuba kusukela ekushayweni uzibuthe eliphezulu izingqimba umkhathi nabo izinhlayiya solar wind icala (kangaka okuthiwa ama-plasma outflow isikhala endaweni ane-helium ne-hydrogen).

Pro kwemibhoshongo ukukhanya kungaba basho lokhu okulandelayo: Ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezibandayo abayikho, kuphumelela kakhulu.

Elm eSt imiqhele emaphikweni oluhlaza futhi halo

Kunezinye izenzakalo optical. Ngokwesibonelo, halo, nesenzakalo zazo ehlangene zinhlayiya ice kwakheka izinhlayiya zayo eziphumela emoyeni. Kusukela rainbow ke esihlanganisa ukuhlakazwa (ukunwetshwa yezingxenye ukukhanya), hhayi nje ukulahla, futhi isakhiwo esiqinile ice.

Rainbow like ngomunye nomunye, ngoba amaconsi ziyafana they yodwa can ekwindla ngalowo nyaka. Galo has izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba zinhlayiya ezahlukene futhi kakhulu "emincanyana": the lokuhambisa phezulu, bese azungeza ke ukusheshe Earth.

Ukuphupha futhi "ukukhohliswa", ungajabulela ilanga mbumbulu (ilanga inja) noma umlilo St Elmo. I last "Hlala" ku masts lwemikhumbi, eziqongweni abukhali zezakhiwo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nezimfihlakalo akuhlangene nakho. Lokhu osenyameni kagesi emkhathini. Wayevame kwenzeka lapho kuneziphepho noma Isivunguvungu esikhulu (uma izinhlayiya gesi).

Abathwebuli uthande ukubamba "flash oluhlaza" (flash ngenhla ilanga futhi kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ray emkhathizwe). Kungcono uthwebule ezivulekile, e sezulu Licwathile. Kodwa imiqhele (umumo womsebenzi ukukhanya) kuyabonakala lapho amafu endaweni inkungu (izindandatho okukhulu nxazonke izibani imoto yakho - lena imiqhele), futhi isibhakabhaka iveli lwamafu. Ngo kwenkungu amaconsi emihle imibuthano Zinhle ikakhulukazi. Lapho inkungu sikhula - Baqhisa. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa isibalo rainbow izindandatho zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu isignali yesimo sezulu esibi. Yini ezweni omkhulu - imihlola optical! Izibonelo siye sahlaziya - nje kuwukusika elijikayo. Ukwazi mayelana lezi zenzakalo, singakwazi ngokwesayensi ukuchaza iyiphi inkohliso ozungeze umhlaba wethu.