Yini kuvamile isakhiwo elula ngokubona izazi zezinto eziphilayo

Izilwane kungabonwa kuphela ngesibonakhulu - ilula. Bakha Subkingdom zabo equkethe-40 THS. Tinhlobo. Futhi yize inani labo elikhulu kunjalo, ososayensi wahlangana nezithunywa we protists kuphela 17 sibonga eyikhulu we-microscope ngu Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola morphology yabo, ukuze sithole ukuthi ziqhuba kanjani kuhluke nento evamile e isakhiwo elula.

Biology ngendima izilwane owumphumela ngokwemvelo

Ngokwe taxonomy yaleli qembu eziphilayo eukaryotic zihlanganisa abameleli amakilasi sarkodovyh, spore, ciliates, futhi flagellates. Repopulating le niches emvelweni e hydro- futhi lithosphere, bakwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla. Phakathi elula autotrophs, isb euglena oluhlaza, heterotrophs - ciliates, foraminifery futhi radiolarians eziwuhlupho ezifana Plasmodium falciparum noma Ameba dysenteric.

Iningi lawo abantu main umthombo ukudla izilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, coelenterates, eyisinambuzane, inhlanzi. ukungena Easy kuwo wonke chain trophic, edlala indima abathengi kanye nabakhiqizi ye-oda 1. Ake sibheke ukuthi kuvamile isakhiwo elula.

Iseli njengenhlangano umzimba ebalulekile

protists umzimba siqukethe kuseli eyodwa, futhi, nakuba kungekho izitho, izicubu kanye nezinhlelo, Nokho, uyakwazi ukwenza ngokugcwele imisebenzi emishinini yokuphefumula, kukhuthaza, ukudla okunomsoco, ukukhiqizwa kabusha.

Ngaphandle, izilwane zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa lo mkhuba kwehlukana. Yasungulwa ngenxa kwemvelo futhi ukushintshashintsha zofuzo. Nokho, ngokuvumelana izazi eziningi, zonke owumphumela zihlobene iqembu lamaseli eukaryotic lasendulo kanye yokuqothulwa. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle ukufana icebo labo morphological. Cabanga ngalokho kuvamile elula isakhiwo, ngokuningiliziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, angenasawoti abakhileyo: amoeba Proteus, ciliate-izicathulo, euglena oluhlaza - babe vacuoles contractile. Bona njalo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana amanzi angadingeki bese ukuvikela imfuyo ekuqothulweni ngokulawula ingcindezi osmotic we uketshezi emzimbeni.

vacuoles wokugaya ukudla futhi akheke ngendlela efanayo, sakhathala salokhu sinamathele izinto eziphilayo. Isakhiwo amaseli zihlanganisa Golgi apharathasi, mitochondria futhi lysosomes. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile isakhiwo elula.

Class libhekene flagellates efana ciliates futhi amoeba isakhiwo intracellular. Kodwa ukubunjwa kwalo has ukubukwa eziqukethe chloroplast, ezifana euglena oluhlaza. Ekukhanyeni, lenyama ezifana labo abazokwazi photosynthesis - indlela Autotrophic yokudla izitshalo.

cell ulwelwesi

Ukwakheka kwalo kanye izakhiwo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha umbandela, kulolo oluvamile isakhiwo elula. Ulwelwesi yakhiwa lipid namaprotheni molecule kuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa izinto, futhi ngaphezu itholakala glycocalyx. Iqukethe amaprotheni okuwuphawu obhekene razdrazhitelnost.Chtoby sidumbu umumo ethize, pellicle kwakhiwa, kuyilapho sarkodovyh - obukhulu odongeni ungqimba cytoplasm. Ngo Guinea rhizopods ulwelwesi phezulu limbozwa echibini eyenza umsebenzi asekelayo.

Naphezu umehluko kwangaphandle eziphilayo ngenxa ezincwadini imvelo, izinga labo yeselula kwenhlangano - ukufanelekela kakhulu kulolo oluvamile isakhiwo elula.