Izici Jikelele kwezomnotho kanye kwendawo Afrika. Izimpawu izindawo zemvelo e-Afrika

Umbuzo oyinhloko lesi sihloko - kuyisici sobuntu Afrika. Into yokuqala okudingeka ukwazi - Afrika ebangela okwesihlanu mass ezweni iplanethi yethu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi zwekazi likhulu lesibili ngobukhulu, kwadingeka ezinkulu kuphela Asia.

Afrika sici lethu kubhekwa kusukela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene, siyazi izwe, izindawo zemvelo, izingxenye, abantu kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Afrika has emazweni angaphezu kuka-50, ikakhulukazi 55. ezamukelwe uhlukanise nezwekazi ku kuzifunda ezilandelayo:

• North.
• Tropical.
• ENingizimu Afrika.

Ngakho sinikeza zesikole, kodwa nezincwadi zesayensi ithobela ukwahlukana kuyiwa:

• North.
• ENingizimu.
• West.
• East.
• Central.

Amakoloni, ukuhweba ngezigqila

Afrika Faka awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela Ukukhuluma amakoloni, ukuhweba ngezigqila. Mainland, phambi kwethu, baye bahlupheka ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye kusukela uhlelo wamakoloni. nokwahlukana aso eqala kuphela amahlanu, khona manje kuleli koloni zokugcina uyekwa kuphela ngo-1990, kwakunabamemezeli igama Namibia.

Afrika Isici futhi olunembile amazwe ukuhlolwa EGP, singenzeka for yezidingo ezahlukahlukene, kodwa sithatha main - ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona indlela yokungena olwandle. Njengoba Afrika - kungcono izwekazi pretty big ke kukhona futhi inani elikhulu emazweni angekho izungezwe. Basuke mancane athuthukile manje, ngemva kokuwa kohlelo wamakoloni, wonke amazwe kukhona uthi eNgophezukonke. Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho, okuyinto abanamathela ifomu monarchical ka:

• Morocco.
• Lesotho.
• Swaziland.

kwemithombo yemvelo

izici Jikelele Afrika futhi inikeza ukuhlaziya imithombo yemvelo kuleli zwekazi, kanti akabukeki njengayo ocebile kakhulu. ingcebo Main Afrika - imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Yini ikhiqizwa endaweni yaleli zwekazi olungenamkhawulo:

• Oil.
• Negesi.
• Nsimbi.
• ore Manganese.
• Uranium emkhandweni wensimbi.
• ore yethusi.
• Igolide.
• Diamonds.
• Phosphorite.

Ngakho, lokho kuwuphawu jikelele Afrika? Kuze kube manje, impendulo kunzima kakhulu, siyazi ukuthi zwekazi likhulu linothe kakhulu kwezokumbiwa futhi inani elikhulu emazweni zikude kolwandle, okuyinto kubambezela ukuthuthukiswa yabo. Ngu khona wamaminerali ikakhulukazi esiphawulekayo eNingizimu Afrika, hhayi ekhishwe uwoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye bauxite.

Izinsiza amanzi yezwe isidingo kancane, njengoba kukhona ichibi, njenge:

• Victoria.
• Tanganyika.
• Isi-Nyasa.

izinkuni

Ihlathi Afrika isethubeni amaphesenti angaphezu kuka eziyishumi endaweni Imininingwane yezwe. Kuyinto yesibili kuphela Latin America neRussia. Manje la emahlathini ashisayo babesuke ukukhuthalele bagawula, okuholela ugwadule zensimu. Izimpawu amazwe ase-Afrika, okungukuthi, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza Agro-zezulu, ingabonakali ngokucacile, ngoba eziningi ukushisa kanye umswakama engalingani. Ihlathi ihlanganisa cishe abayizigidi ezingu-8.3 amakhilomitha square. Ngokwe-degree kanye nesimo Kwabiwa ehlathini Afrika kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda:

• Northern (ezisondelene nazo).
• Western (ezishisayo).
• East (izintaba ezishisayo).
• Wik (nakwezifudumele).

labantu

E-Afrika, singaqiniseka kwamaqembu ezinhlanga angaba ngamakhulu amahlanu, isici esiyinhloko sabantu kuleli zwekazi. Ezinye zazo ziye zakhula phakathi isizwe, kuyilapho abanye zisekhona ku ezingeni likazwelonke. Iningi uthi izwekazi kukhona abavela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene, imingcele usongene phakathi kwabo (musa ukuhlukanisa ubuzwe omunye komunye), futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni nemibango engokohlanga osekuthathe.

Ngokuphathelene wokukhula ongokwemvelo e-Afrika inenani lokuzalwa isilinganiso, ikakhulukazi emazweni athile:

• Kenya.
• Benin.
• Uganda.
• Nigeria.
• Tanzania.

Kusukela okusezingeni eliphezulu njengoba wenzalo kanye nokushona, khona-ke owandile abasha engu isakhiwo. Abantu ixazululwe Ukuboshelwa, kukhona indawo engahlali muntu okwakukhona kuyo ngokuphelele (eSahara), kodwa kukhona izindawo lapho bagxila wonkana, ezifana Egypt. Ngokuphathelene ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha ke ngokomlando yasungula ukuze likhula ijubane kancane kakhulu, manje e-Afrika, amaphesenti amabili kuphela idolobha-abantu abayizinjinga.

zone

Njengoba izwekazi has a sezwe owendlalekile, kodwa ingxenye enkulu itholakala phakathi ezishisayo, khona-ke nokuklanywa evelele. Kuyini sici zone Afrika? Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba bahlukanise yoke imikhawulo ngaphandle. Okulandelayo zizonikezwa incazelo eningiliziwe esishintshashintshayo-Afrika. Ngakho, ibhande ukukhululwa:

• Equatorial.
• Subequatorial.
• Tropical.

Kufanele kuphawulwe nokho, ukuthi zombili emahlathini ashisayo babesuke kuhluke amahlathi, amathafa nasemahlathini, izingwadule, lulwimi ezomile, amahlathi yanjalo variable-zinomswakama nakwezifudumele, kodwa indawo yabo maqondana eningizimu noma enyakatho akufani.

enkabazwe ibhande

Lena indawo kahle esikhulu, okuyinto oluthatha indawo eGulf of Guinea kuya zokucindezeleka Congo. I esiwuphawu sici - a unyaka wonke amazinga okutheleleka enkabazwe emoyeni uquqaba. Amazinga kugcinwa kuka-24 no-28 degrees, akukho ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Inzika kwenzeka ngempela ngokuvamile futhi ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke izinsuku ezingu-365. imvula yaminyaka yonke kuze kube ayizinkulungwane 2.5 amamilimitha angu kwezulu.

Kuthathwa njengesibikezelo kwebalingisi ephelele ezindaweni engokwemvelo Afrika akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhuluma yokuthi le ndawo ezinomswakama ezisenkabazwe. Kwenzeka ngenxa kwezulu efanayo nsuku zonke. Ntambama endaweni ukushisa babulawa, okuyinto lula obupholile kusihlwa, imvula noma isiphepho.

subequatorial

I okunye siba kude yenkabazwe, emvuleni kancane uwela khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhande subequatorial kungenziwa ngokucacile ihlukaniswe zonyaka ezimbili:

• Rainy.
• Ezomile.

Njengoba imvula alwanele, ke kungabonakala nasemkhakheni into enjalo - emahlathini aminyene kancane kancane indawo ezingavamile, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, uguqulwa Savannah. Sishilo kakade ukuthi alternates zonyaka ezimbili, enye ingxenye ubuswa izimvula ukuthi baletha umoya quba enkabazwe kanye nezinye ngalesi sikhathi kukhona isomiso, ngoba kukhona ubuswa emoyeni quba ezishisayo.

ezishisayo

Izimfanelo izindawo zemvelo e-Afrika kufanele ifake incazelo ibhande ezishisayo. Ukuze lokhu thina manje uqhubeke. Vele uqaphele ukuthi ibhande zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amabili:

• Ukuze enyakatho subequatorial.
• ENingizimu Afrika.

Isici ehlukile - sezulu esomile, kwezulu ongaphakeme. Konke lokhu kunomthelela kwetinhlavu ezingwadule futhi Savannah. umoya Dry owandile lapha ngenxa yebanga lokusuka kolwandle, kuka siya ujule zwekazi, lo ibavuthela futhi uya woma emoyeni inhlabathi.

Ugwadule olukhulu kunazo zonke e Ezindaweni ezishisayo - kuba Sahara. Njengoba umoya uthwele okusanhlamvu elincane isihlabathi, futhi ntambama izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngenhla degrees amane, umuntu lapha ukuze kube nzima kakhulu. Zonke kakhulu ebusuku izinga lokushisa Ungabeka ngu degrees okungenani amabili, noma bangaya izibalo ezimbi.

ezisondelene nazo

Isimo sezulu kuleli ingxenye zonyaka ezahlukene, ehlobo kushisa, kwezulu ebusika. Kodwa eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, kulawulwa kunomswakama nakwezifudumele, lwenza ukusatshalaliswa iyunifomu kwezulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ezisondelene nazo zihlukaniswe esishintshashintshayo ezimbili:

• eningizimu;
• enyakatho.

Kungani kukhona inkinga yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu? Summer ubuswa emoyeni quba ezishisayo-ephefumulelwe, futhi ebusika - a zindawo ngokulinganisela. Ezisondelene nazo zihlukile kuleyo lapho zitholakala siluhlaza amahlathi. Lokhu insimu wabaphakamisa abantu kwezolimo, ngakho owaqalwa lezi zindawo cishe kungenakwenzeka ukubona.