Zhostovo ugqoko: umlando kanye nezindlela ukwenziwa. Umdwebo Zhostovo ku emathileyi

izimbali Bright enhle: rose, peonies, daisy, ukhohlwe-kimi, Chrysanthemums neminduze nesigodi (akunakwenzeka zibhale wonke), eziklanywe ehlakazekile isandla unamakhono umdwebi ku ebumnyameni metal ecwebezelayo indawo - bendabuko Zhostovo Umdwebo emathileyi. Abahlukile Folk ubuciko eRussia, okuyinto ayinakho analogue!

Umlando ukudoba Russian lasendulo has cishe 2 eminyaka, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi umkhiqizo Zhostovo amakhosi hhayi kuphela akazange alahlekelwe kwayo nobuhle, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakuqala ukwanda nakakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi ingenza imiqondo ezintsha abaculi lanamuhla abasha.

Umsuka Zhostovo yezandla

Namuhla, noma uyinkosikazi yesimanje uyojabula ukuthola isipho sangempela Zhostovo ugqoko, angasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ngenhloso utilitarian okuhloswe, kodwa futhi njengoba i original umhlobiso ekhishini ingaphakathi. Ngokufanayo, abesifazane babejabule futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX., Uma they epha ubuhle obunjalo.

Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Art Zhostovo Umdwebo waqala ukuthatha ukuma eRussia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi zihlanganisa emathileyi lokuqala, amabhokisi, isinemfu amabhokisi, amacala usikilidi, zonke izinhlobo amabhokisi, njll, ababethi le ndlela lacquer emincanyana, okuyinto enziwa emizaneni wesifunda eMoscow: .. Ostashkovo, uZiqu-zintathu, Novosiltsev Sorokin Zhostovo.

Kancane kancane, ukukhiqizwa emathileyi etholakala ithrekhi ehlukile, futhi iqhaza ekwenzeni kwabo ngokuqinile kuthathwe Zhostovo emzaneni. Phela, emathileyi wokuqala wenza ngokuphelele papier-Mache. Manje thina kakade Kunzima ukukucabanga Zhostovo ugqoko esenziwe ezintweni ezinjalo.

ukuqhubeka art Zhostovo

Ngo-1825, Osip Filippovich Vishnyakov workshop kwavulwa Zhostovo. Kuyinto kulesi sehlakalo kokuba kwezikhathi ukuba khona ehlukile Zhestovskaya Folk yezandla. Yiqiniso, lokhu workshop akuyena kuphela. Kancane kancane ihlelwe nezinye wokubambisana: Yegor Vishnyakov edolobhaneni eliseduze Ostashkovo, A. A. Zaytseva edolobhaneni zintathu. Ukuthandwa imikhiqizo yabo yayinkulu! Hhayi-ke ithengiswe Zhostovo ugqoko eMoscow, eSt Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha.

Ngo 1830 Zhostovo futhi ezigodini ezakhelene abezwani ivule izitolo eziningana, abasunguli okwakukhona EF Belyaev, T. M. Belyaev, i-FV Shapkin, V. L. Leontev futhi JS Kolomna. Kancane kancane, ukukhiqizwa wakhula, imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngesandla babé ayisekho eyenziwe papier-Mache, futhi leyo nto okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi wesimanje - yensimbi.

abaculi Legendary Zhostovo

Kancane kancane, abasanda kuzalwa, ajwayelekile kithi zonke Zhostovo ugqoko. Umlando egcinwe encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla onqenqemeni, litshela abalimi bendawo kanjani kancane kancane kakhulu futhi abanamakhono kakhudlwana emsebenzini yobuciko workshop. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi kungakanani ithalente ubonakele phakathi abavamile, serfs abangafundile. Inkosi yokuqala, okuyinto ezishiwo izincwadi zomlando e-1839, kwaba serf ka Ukubala Sheremetev - Veshnyakov Philipp Nikitin, yena waba waziphatha Umdwebo emathileyi kanye nendodana yakhe. Ngakho bazalelwa Zhostovo lwamakhosi kwezobuciko.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke amakhosi Zhostovo ugqoko: OE Burbyshev (kulo mculi e Zhostovo ziyaphawuleka, ngakho-ke kwaba virtuoso), NM Tsaplagin, AE Vishnyakov, K. V Gribkov, I. S. Leontev , D. S. Kledov, P. S. Kurzin, I. A. grishkovec, MR Mitrofanov, A. P. Gogin, I. P. Plahov, BV Ibala. Zonke lezi amakhosi nabanye abaningi baye washiya uphawu ngokujulile ubuciko Zhostovo, kutsi babedalelwe imisebenzi emangalisayo Zhostovo emincanyana kufakwe segolide Isikhwama abathengisa.

Zhostovo ugqoko - ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe

Lasekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe Zhostovo ugqoko iphucuziwe eminyakeni. Inkosi has a lot of amaqhinga ukuhweba, bona akekho ozokwabelana. Ngakho kuthiwani kuphela Imibandela, ungakwazi ukutshela womshini imikhiqizo Zhostovo ubuchwepheshe.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, emathileyi yanamuhla ezensimbi. Bangaba ifomu angajwayelekile, konke kuncike umqondo yokuqala umculi. Ngaphambi yokudweba ugqoko kumele kube ophucuziwe ngokucophelela futhi embozwe double ungqimba primer inkhulumo lelungiselelwe esekelwe carbon omnyama kaolin. Khona-ke workpiece kuyo ingumhlabathi futhi, embozwe izingqimba eziningana lacquer ezinemibala. Kulokhu kusendlalelo ngasinye kumele kahle omisiwe futhi iphucuziwe kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho yokukhiqiza Zhostovo emathileyi wabe esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Phela wokulungiselela umsebenzi umkhiqizo ilungele imidwebo, futhi nokuqhubeka esebenza kuleso iqala umculi okuyinhloko. Painting Zhostovo ugqoko is ngokwesiko enziwe upende uwoyela. Lapho liqedwa, umkhiqizo futhi emuva ezelekene camera nge ukuvenisha, kulandele omiswe bese wokucwebezelisa ugqoko siphelile ukungadluliseli isicwebezelisi cishe specular.

amasu yobuciko netimphawu Zhostovo imidwebo

amasu yobuciko Zhostovo imidwebo kukhona kwaqala kusukela bendabuko Russian lacquer emincanyana, kodwa yebo, anezici yabo. Ngesisekelo kungaba mhlawumbe ubizwe iphethini ngemibala egqamile ku emnyama ingemuva kanye umhlobiso izingoma igolide umhlobiso. Ingemuva Zhostovo ugqoko awukona ngempela black, kungaba yini oyifunayo umbala: obomvu, onsundu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ocher. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona iculo ukwenziwa Potali (mbumbulu igolide), unina pearl noma ukukhanya, awube mhlophe, kodwa kunalokho ukuphambuka kusuka imithetho nje isuke ibangelwa umcabango umdwebi sika.

ugqoko Zhestovsky ngokuvamile ababethi ngendlela yokuthi maphakathi Ukwakheka (imbali isixha) ingabe imibala yalezi zinto ngobukhulu futhi elikhanyayo, okuyizo main focus uqondiswa. Eduzane emaphethelweni izingxenye isixha ayabaluleka ezincane futhi mnyama, njengoba uma uhlangane ne ngemuva. Ngaleyo ndlela izuze ukujula ezibukwayo kanye ivolumu imidwebo. Zhostovo izimbali zilotshiwe hhayi imvelo, ngokuvamile ngesimo, kakhulu yesithombe incike umcabango yokudala okuyinhloko.

Motifs main futhi izingqikithi

Izisusa eziyinhloko Zhostovo yokudweba course zonke izinhlobo Motifs ezimibalabala, ezihlukahlukene ezingesiyo izinombolo! Umdwebo Zhostovo ithobela izinhlobo eziningana Ukwakheka yendabuko. Izimbali ingalandwa ku sezimbali elikhulu elinabantu 3-5 inflorescences, kuvezwa obhasikidi engabe nemiklamo ibekwe emhlabeni azungezwe we ugqoko.

Ngezinye izikhathi lo mdwebo kungenziwa kulekelelwa ngemifanekiso amajikijolo, izithelo kanye nezinyoni. Kukhona amasampula Zhostovo imidwebo, efana imigexo Antique namanje Dutch Lifes. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi simila umdwebo okunemibandela ngokwanele, nazi zonke izibonakaliso Umdwebo Iyizeli: ukunakwa ngokucophelela imininingwane, umbala jikelele, Improvisation khulula.

Zhostovo emathileyi: indlela ukudweba igxathu negxathu

Yonke inqubo yokudweba ugqoko zingahlukaniswa zibe 4 izigaba. Okokuqala lo okuthiwa "zamalevka": ku umkhiqizo njengoba liyasibhozomela razbelennymi linikeza ngalé abajwayelekile isithombe esizayo, indawo izindawo eziyinhloko.

Basuke kulandelwe "tenezhka" futhi "uphawu": isicelo izithunzi esobala futhi ukuqokwa imibala aminyene nezindawo bhá. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuma izimbali namaqabunga ingaphezu ezithile.

Isigaba sesithathu - blikovka: Ukusetshenziswa kwe amakhorali powder smear okusheshayo. Ngosizo yonke imali ebekiwe.

Futhi ekugcineni, kulandelwa isigaba sokugcina 4th ku ngalo "chertezhka" futhi 'abophe ". Nge emabhulashini esihle kakhulu balukhulume bakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlupheka nezimo wesifunda imigqa livimbezele ngamunye iqabunga futhi isigcebe sembali udonsa Amahlumela nemininingwane, ababiziweyo esibophezelayo.

Amathemba sokuthuthukiswa yezandla

Okwamanje Zhostovo yezandla kwezobuciko uhlangabezana ezikhathini ezinzima. 90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, amashabhu ezazingaphansi kwawo ukunakekelwa futhi izimali isimo, ngemva yokwakha kabusha kanye kokuwa kweSoviet Union, le mboni sekudlule ezandleni yangasese. Manje legumbi kwaba inzuzo, hhayi kulondolozwe amasiko kanye indlela lokusukela izikebhe.

Isibalo abaculi kule ibhizinisi iye ziyancipha. Izingcweti eziningi zaqala ngokuzimela ekhaya. It kwenziwe okuningi oda yangasese, waboshwa, ngokungagcini nje ngokubashumayeza Zhostovo ugqoko. Masters Modern ngokuvamile abasebenza yokudweba ezihlukahlukene: kusukela amafriji kanye nomakhalekhukhwini ukuze ewayini ezibizayo ngalendoda. Ukufika abanamakhono intsha - esikoleni iziqu kamuva nje Fedoskino lacquer emincanyana kunqatshelwe. Noma kunjalo, le nkampani namanje uhlala, okusebenza nokuzinikezela nokholo esikhathini esizayo.

Kanjani ukuze uthole Zhostovo?

Ngoba bonke abafuna sokumazi eduze nomlando kanye nekhono Zhostovo inkampani ihlelwe onentshisekelo angu-5 kuyiwe isigaba okuyinhloko. Lapho kwefekthri esitolo njalo esebenza lapho ungakwazi ukuthenga imikhiqizo kanye nemisebenzi yezandla, njengoba besho, "nge ukushisa ekushiseni."

Ukuze uthole kusuka eMoscow kuya Zhostovo akukho nobunzima. Sidinga ukunqoba yonke 50 km emgwaqeni omkhulu kule isiqondiso Ostashkovskoe Mytishchi wesifunda. Ungase futhi kalula ukufinyelela lapho ngesitimela noma ngebhasi. Enye kusukela Medvedkovo Metro ukuba Zhostovo njalo Shuttle inombolo ibhasi 438.