Ziyini izinkulumo eziphiko? Izinkulumo ze-Latin ezinamaphiko

Ziyini izinkulumo eziphiko? Lona uhlobo oluhlukile lwama-phraseology. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala sichaza lesibili, okungukuthi, umqondo obanzi. Kuyisici ukuthi i-phraseology iyinhlanganisela eqinile yamagama, okuyisici solimi oluthile. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kokuqala kwemibhalo kukhona emvelweni othile kanye nendawo yezilimi. Kuyini isimo sabo? Amazwi abhalwe kuwo angeke ahlelwe kabusha, lapho kwenzeka incazelo ejwayelekile ilahlekile. Futhi, incazelo ejwayelekile ye-phraseology ayikwazi ukunqunywa ngokuhlaziya incazelo yegama ngalinye ngokwehlukana. Kujulile kakhulu ... Kukhona umoya wokuhlakanipha kuwo.

Izinkulumo ezisephiko zivelaphi?

Ngakho iyini "inkulumo enamaphiko"? Isiphi isici esibahlukanisa, sihlukanisa nawo wonke ama-unit units? Impendulo ifushane: umthombo wokubhala. Ngisho noma izinkulumo ezinamaphiko zenziwa njengamazwi wabantu obuvelele, kwakusabhalwa phansi kubo.

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi izinga lesikhungo somphakathi linqunywa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngento efana nenkumbulo yamasiko. Yilolu hlobo lokuqhubekela phambili kwentuthuko engakwazi ukuchazwa ukuthi izinkulumo ezinamaphiko zesiLatini zisifikile. AmaRoma ayengabadokotela abakhetha ukukhetha isayensi. Izivumelwano zabo ezakhiweni, kwezolimo, ngokungafani nezincwadi zamabhizinisi zanamuhla, zilotshwe ngolunye ulimi olungokomfanekiso oluqukethe ama-phraseological units. Kungenxa yolimi olulotshiwe oluthuthukile lwempucuko yeminyaka eyizinkulungwane lapho amazwi ehlakaniphile abaphathi, amafilosofi, amakhosi afika kithi.

Impucuko yaseRoma yasendulo, eyabangela izingxenye zangempela zokukhuluma

Ukuhlelwa kwesikhashana ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bombhalo weRoma kubonakala ngokuqalwa kwekhulu le-III BC. E. Futhi isigaba sesibhakabhaka esiphakeme kakhulu ekhulwini lokuqala BC. E., ehlotshiswe ngamagama avelele wezinkondlo namafilosofi - Ovid, uCicero, Virgil, Horace.

Abadala babevame ukubonakala ngokucabanga okuhlakaniphile nokucabanga. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kusobala ukuthi uPlutarch noHorace babengajabuli, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abathokozile kakhulu. Izithombe ezibhalwe phansi ezidalwa zimibalabala futhi zangempela. Yini edingekayo kuphela umzamo we-titanic futhi ngenxa yalokho yazala intaba yegundane! Izinkulumo zamaphiko zamaRoma (intaba efanayo kanye negundane) kamuva zikhulunywe nge-tinge ehlekisayo yizimbongi zamaRussia namafilosofi (isibonelo, Trediakovsky).

Ingabe ulimi lwesiLatini lufile?

Ngemva kokuwa kweMbuso WaseMpumalanga WaseRoma, owela ngekhulu le-6 AD, E., isiLatini , ulimi lokukhulumisana kwamasiko aseRoma lasendulo, kancane kancane luyafa, okungukuthi, luyeka ukukhuluma. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 lempucuko entsha yaseYurophu, isalokhu ikhuluma ulimi olubhaliwe: luyaphila futhi lufanele kubantu abakhethiwe abafundisi - ososayensi, abapristi, abadiplomates. Yilaba bantu abangazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkulumo ezihamba ngezinyawo, kodwa futhi bazisebenzise ezincwadini zabo, baletha kithi ubukhulu bomcabango wasendulo oqukethwe kuwo. Ngokuqinisekile, abafundi abathandekayo, wena ngokwakho uye wahlangana ezincwadini, noma ekuhunyushweni kwesiRussia kwaveza amagama, okwakushiwo ngamaRoma aqhoshayo. Siyakhumbula kuphela ezinye zazo.

Ama-Latin Phraseologisms eYurophu

Isakhiwo esakhiwe solimi lwesiLatin ngesikhathi esisodwa saba yisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezilimi zesiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi, isiPutukezi. Noma kunjalo, izithombe zakhe kanye ne-phraseology zisebenzela uhlelo lwakhe lwesimanje.

Kusalokhu kuqhubeka ulimi olusemthethweni lombuso othile wamaKatolika weVatican. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi lwesiLatini lwaluthi luhlala lulimi lwezesayensi yaseYurophu. Izinkulumo ezinamaphiko ngesiLatin nazo zadalwa eYurophu ephakathi. UThomas Aquinas, Thomas More, uFrancois Villon (uhlu luyakwazi ukuqhutshekwa phambili) kwakuqhutshwa ibhizinisi lokudala izingxenye zeLatini.

Amazwi aseLatini ayeziwa eRussia

Kulolu limi lwesayensi, ukwethula ama-Roman unitological unit kuwo, ososayensi baseRussia badala imisebenzi yabo, isibonelo, uMV Lomonosov, NI Pirogov. Ngokuyinhloko, nguMikhail Vasilievich onelungelo lokuqhubeka, kodwa ngesiRussia, isiko sikaViril, esabeka enkondlweni "Isikhumbuzo".

Kodwa-ke, kakade ekhulwini le-XIX, njengoba u-AS Pushkin ebhala encwadini ethi "Eugene Onegin", kuba "isiLatini asikho kahle." Futhi emva kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba ulimi lwesiLatini, okwakube sekuphoqelelwe ukuba kufundwe esikoleni esiphezulu kuze kube yileso sikhathi (khumbula isahluko esithi "Ukuhlolwa kwesiLatini" esivela ku "Youth" sikaLeon Tolstoy). Kodwa-ke, okwamanje - inkathi yesimiso semisindo - izinkulumo ze-Latin ezinamaphiko zibuye zithandeke. Bakhulunywa ngabalobi, abantu abathintekayo bafaka phakathi kwezikhali zokhokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla abantu abaningi abafundisayo basebenzisa ama-accents ngomcabango othile enkulumweni ebhaliwe, uma kunesidingo. Ukuklama okunjalo kulungile: ubufushane bombhalo wesiLatini, ukujula kwencazelo kanye nesiko lasendulo esihlanganiswe kuso njalo sikwenza sikhangele.

Emibhalweni yama-Russian enamaphiko

Uma sikhumbula izinkulumo ze-maphiko zaseRashiya, masibuyele ekuthembekeni kwazo okuthembekile - izincwadi zegolide zaseRussia zangekhulu le-19, ukuthuthukisa isiko lomhlaba ngamagama kaPushkin, Lermontov, Griboyedov, Krylov, Belinsky, Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. Umsebenzi walezi zigaba zakudala ungumthombo wabo ophanayo. Abathengi bezincwadi zangempela bazi ngenhliziyo eziningi zezinkulumo ezinamaphiko ezigcwalisa amanoveli, amaqiniso, ama-comedies, izindaba.

Cabanga, isibonelo, intshaba kaKrylov ethi "I-Mirror ne-Monkey." Izinkulumo ezinamaphiko, njengoba sibona, ziqukethe ngisho nomsebenzi omncane wezinkondlo, ingane engayikhumbula kalula.

Ukuphila kombhali nokujula komcabango kuyahlukaniswa nemigqa engenhla yefable "Mirror and Monkey". Lezi zinkulumo ezinamaphiko, ngokungangabazeki, zinamuhla zanamuhla. Ngempela, ngaphambi kokuhlola ukuziphatha komunye umuntu, kufanele ufunde ngokufanele ukuqonda ubuthakathaka bakho namandla.

Kungaba kuhle ukuhlaziya umsebenzi wezincwadi zegolide, hhayi ukuphawula ukuthi imithombo yezincwadi ezitholakala kakhulu kunazo zonke, ngaphandle kwezinganekwane zikaKrylov, yilezi zenzo: Griboyedov - "Woe kusuka kuWe", Fonvizin - "Nedorosl", isebenza nguKozma Prutkov.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX, u-Mayakovsky, abalobi u-Ilf noPetrov, noMel Bulgakov baphumelela ekudaleni izinkulumo ezinamaphiko. Ake sicabange izinkulumo ezimbalwa ezinamaphiko ezafika kithi ezincwadini zesiRussia:

Kuyisici ukuthi lemishwana ivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumana lapho kudingekile ukuba unikeze isifingqo salokho okwenzekayo. Ngamagama, abathandi bezincwadi ezinkulu zaseRussia akudingeki bachaze isikhathi eside ukuthi yiziphi izinkulumo zokuhamba.

I-Phraseologicalism eyenziwa yiBhayibheli

Kungaba ukungalungi ukuthi ungasisho inqwaba enkulu yokwakhiwa kwezinkulumo eziqinile ezisekelwe emlandweni weBhayibheli, ophethe i-niche ephawulekayo ekukhulumisaneni kwanamuhla nokubona umhlaba. Ngokufanako, ngokufanako ukufaka isandla ngokubambisana ekwenzeni ukwakhiwa kwamagugu aphakemeko wokuziphatha nokuziphatha komuntu. Phela, ngisho nokulandelana kwezinsuku zangempela kubalwa "kusukela ekuzalweni kukaKristu."

Ama-Christian phraseological unit ayenawo kuphela amakholwa. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, isiko lamaRussia ase-Orthodox siye sabagcwalisa ngokuphila kwansuku zonke. Lokhu akuzange kuvimbe ngisho namashumi eminyaka okutshala okuthiwa yi-atheism yesayensi. Mhlawumbe, ngamunye wethu, ethola imfundo, ezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kubafundisi inkulumo yeBhayibheli eyaba nephiko: "Ukukwazi ukuthi uBaba wethu" (okungukuthi, ngokuqinile, ngenhliziyo). Vumelana ukuthi empilweni yansuku zonke, akuyona yonke into engavamile, izingqikithi eziningi zemibhalo yemvelaphi yeBhayibheli . Izibonelo zazo zingase zibe "ukulahleka izimvu", "isikhubekiso", "kiss kiss".

Isiphetho

Izazi-mlando kanye nezilimi zithi ukubhalwa kwegama elithi "inkulumo enamaphiko" kungokwesiGreki saseGreek lasendulo. Kwakukhulunywa cishe ngokomqondo wanamuhla "ku-Iliad" naku-"Odyssey". Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi senzakalo asizange siphume emiphakathini yasendulo?

Kodwa-ke, ukuphenya uhlobo lwaloluhlobo lwezinyunyana ze-phraseological, sibona ukuthi zakhiwe futhi zakhiwe yindawo ethile yamasiko. Bacebisa ngokomoya. Umuntu osebenzisa izinkulumo ezinamaphiko, eqinisweni, unxusa ukucabanga okuhlanganyelwe kwabaxhumanisi, kumakhono abo emasiko.

Mhlawumbe yingakho, lapho siqedela lesi sihloko, singaphetha ngokuthi ukuphindaphindiwe kokusetshenziswa kwamagama anephiko ekukhulumisaneni komuntu nsuku zonke kubonisa izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko.