Inhlanganisela Esitebeleni yamagama ngezilimi Russian and English

Ngelimi lokuthoma linencazelo ethile lucebe, okuyinto livezwe kanjani esimweni esithile. Ngokuvamile amagama ukuthola linencazelo ethile, kuphela ukuba angene ukuxhumana nemithetho yolimi nendlela okunengqondo nabanye amathokheni okuqinisekisa. Le nhlanganisela okusimeme amazwi, lapho ixhumana no yokugcina nomunye ukwakha ukubaluleka omusha oyedwa.

Collocations lucebe

Enkulumweni yakhe izwi kungukuthi wenza todvwa kodwa umongo Ngamanye amazwi ukuthi kumele kuhlanganiswe lucebe, kolimi, okunengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, imbali izwi kudinga isivumelwano ngesibalo, ubulili kanye icala, ukuthi kuyinto isiphawulo noma esithi kufanele kube wesilisa, nime sisebunyeni futhi esimweni nominative: ihlathi imbali. Lapho ukusebenzisa isiphawulo, hhayi okuhle ngokwencazelo yaleli (imbali esinamafu), khona-ke iphazamiseke kwedivayisi lucebe yamagama.

inhlanganisela Esitebeleni zamagama - kuba isibopho ngokuphelele, okuyinto ayikuvumeli esikhundleni izingxenye. Ngakho, inhlanganisela kwelanga is "kubonakala wokukhanya kwelanga." Uma ukubuyisela leyo ingxenye inhlanganisela, kuyoba baqale value yayo (inhlanganisela libalele, unogwaja ngobugwala ungenayo Ngalo mqondo). Ngelilodwa nje, ukuhambisana lucebe kwamagama Inkulumo esitebeleni kuphelele futhi bendabuko.

Collocations semantic, okusho semantic, ifakwe izikhulumi bomdabu zofuzo. Intuitively wazizwa ithuba bayisebenzise le nkulumo ethi apula engadini yezithelo version yamahlaya ye apula engadini yezithelo.

isisho

Amagama ezidinga eduze isakhi isethi othize. Kwenzeka ukuthi izwi kwedivayisi izingqinamba isizathu itholakala okunamathiselwe yayo endaweni ethile - inhlanganisela ngamandla amazwi, bebizwa phraseology ezahlukene. Lokhu sezilimi elithi French Charles Bally kokuba ukubaluleka "ibinzana elisemqoka." Ngempela, inhlanganisela esitebeleni yamagama (Izaga) aqukethe izingxenye eziningana (kuba ibinzana eyinqaba), ngendlela efanayo nelithi izwi labalinye lokuthi: nick phansi - khumbula ukudayela amanzi umlomo - ukuthi akathule, umlomo wakhe ububanzi - bamangale.

izingxoxo zezilimi

Isayensi ukuthi etadisha netimphawu phraseology, ubizwa ngokuthi phraseology. Sezilimi acoce lilonke. Kukhona umehluko lokulungisiswa ezincwadini phraseology. Emaqenjini ezithile zolimi yimuphi isizinda ngolimi inhlanganisela esitebeleni zamagama ngokuthi ngale ndlela. kokuma Lexicographical asivumela ukuba wahlulele izindlela ezahlukene ukuze le nkinga. Phraseology ibhekwa njengezwekazi kuphela labo inhlanganisela esitebeleni lapho ukubaluleka sitolikwa by incazelo yezingxenye ngamunye. Ngakho, lola fritters Izaga noma ezindiza amafu ayikwazi ungachazwa incazelo egameni ngalinye. inhlanganisela Indivisible anencazelo ezimisiwe izakhiwo ezinjalo.

zezilimi eziningi ezakho le isethi imishwana mazwi, aphorisms, inkulumo clichés. Bakholelwa ukuthi Izaga (inhlanganisela esitebeleni kwamagama) - lawa inhlanganisela kukhona okulingana elilodwa.

Ukwahlukanisa Vinogradov Shan

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, umsekeli odumile sezilimi Russian nge idumela emhlabeni wonke, zichazele kahle ngokuzokwenzeka inhlanganisela esitebeleni kwamagama isiRashiya futhi kuhlukaniswe kubo. Encwadini yakhe ethi Izaga zihlukaniswe umphetho phraseological (empeleni Izaga) Ubunye phraseological futhi inhlanganisela phraseological. UNikolai Maksimovich Shan enwetshiwe ngezigaba Vinogradov, siphakamise iqembu tiga tenkhulumo.

Fusion

Ngu ukuvuvukala kukhona inhlanganisela kabani engasho lutho zicacile kuphela ukuxhumana ethile. Okusho Izaga izingxenye yedwa ngokuphelele akubonakali. Isemanthikhi ukuvuvukala ngeke wazi, izimangaliso, ubhidlize i-GAUNTLET, ulokhu udlalisa, ungakwazi nokujikijela itshe lifike kanye nezinye akunakwenzeka ukuchaza incazelo egameni ngalinye. Inani okukhipha kusukela Izaga ngokwesiko ixazululwe umphetho. phraseologisms imfundo - kuyinqubo eside zomlando ezenzeka ngolimi oluthile.

Samuntu umlando ulimi kukhona inhlanganisela esitebeleni yamagama. Izibonelo ukuvuvukala ezifana: ngekhanda, abanjwe, ngokuqinisekile. Ziyakwazi esindayo lokuhumusha, njengoba ayibakhuthazi okushiwo igama ngalinye. I ukuvuvukala hhayi permutation kungenzeka futhi esikhundleni izingxenye.

ubunye

ubunye Phraseological, ngokungafani ukuvuvukala aqukethe izakhi wokufihla eyashukumisela. Inani labo kusekelwe indivisible ukufana ehilela lawa magama nge okusho zonke phraseologism. Isisho bangcwabe ithalente e emhlabathini "ize ukuchitha lungamandla abo," kuchaza isingathekiso: wangcwatshwa emhlabathini - "fihla, afihle". ubunye Phraseological ngaphansi tenkhulumo ngaphandle umphetho. Unity kungenziwa buhlanjululwe ngamanye amazwi, ngezinye izikhathi ukubuyisela leyo yezingxenye. Ngokwesibonelo, e phraseologisms ukubiza ngehalavu ngehalavu ngezinye izikhathi indawo isabizwana: ukubiza izinto ngamagama abo. ubunye Phraseological ngokuthi tisho.

inhlanganisela

I engasho lutho inhlanganisela phraseological yakhiwa amagugu zonke izingxenye ezakha Inkulumo esimeme. Nange lokhu kuhlanganiswa futhi izingxenye mahhala, futhi ezihambisana. I sesethi yamanani ngamunye wabo kwembula olulodwa lwenani inkulumo. Ngokwesibonelo, sitha isisho uhlanganisa enamathiselwe bese izwi lesitha lesifungweni sayo inkululeko. Futhi ekuhlanganisweni sidekick, isikhundla obucayi, ashubisa umnkantsha, sineka nabanye.

izinkulumo

N. M. Shanskim azinikezele izinkulumo phraseological kukhona tisho, ehlanganisa inkulumo ekhululekile. Azikho izinto ezihlobene. Ngokuvamile izinkulumo phraseological zifana clichés, izaga, amazwi aphorisms. Ngokwesibonelo, uthando bonke ubudala, konke okuhle, kuze sibonane futhi, akukho usuku ngaphandle umugqa. Phakathi kwenkulumo, izinkulumo phraseological kungukuthi yasungulwa ekhuluma, futhi bephume inkumbulo.

Isisho ngesiNgisi

Rich IsiZulu phraseology Isikhwama, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka okucetshiswe ukuboleka eziningi Sisuka olimini lwesiLatin, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile ukuba izazi zezilimi. Ulwazi a phraseology olunye ulimi libonisa notolika ezingeni. Ikhwalifikheshini eliphezulu onguchwepheshe kusiza ukugwema ulimi ukungaqondani.

inhlanganisela Esitebeleni kwamagama olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini ingahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana ngezigaba VV Vinogradov. umphetho Phraseological nzima kakhulu ukuhumusha, ngoba la mazwi enziwe azifaka kuwo zihlobene. I engasho lutho izakhiwo ezinjalo lisuselwa inani. Ngokwesibonelo, iseva yesigcinalwazi alikwazi ukuhumusheka ngokoqobo njengoba khahlela kanye ebhakedeni. Lapha igama elithi ngokuxhumanisa nomunye, ukunikeza usizo ngokukhethekile angahunyushelwa phraseology Russian welule imilenze.

ubunye Phraseological ngesiNgisi nokuhlala ndawonye ngegama elithi homonymous. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugcina inja ukukhonkotha ungumlandeli inkulumo is "waqasha ukwenza umsebenzi indoda." Ukuhumusha homonymous inhlanganisela khulula sisho "ukuthikamezeka inja ukuthi Barks at yenkosi yakhe. ' Inkulumo High ubunye phraseological isici olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini.

inhlanganisela Phraseological avumele esikhundleni eyodwa yezingxenye. Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa lawo mazwi nge value esinqunyiwe nokutholakala. Isisho ukuba abe emlonyeni wengwenya, ngokuvumela Ukushiywa isakhi ukuba, elihunyushwe inhlanganisela Russian isimangaliso ukulondolozwa. Leli qembu phraseology lula kakhulu ukuhumusha ngenxa iinthombe inhlanganisela basezinganekwaneni, imibhalo (umsebenzi Sisyphean, apula ka-Adamu, futhi hillesova isithende, intambo Ariadne sika, le imbangela yombango owawuzothatha, nabanye).

izaga English amazwi ngaphandle amagugu engokomfanekiso aveza phraseological. Zakhiwa amagama amagugu mahhala, kodwa kukhona ngokwesiko reproducible: amadoda amaningi eziningi engqondweni ihumusha Russian Inkulumo phraseological bangaki abantu, imicabango yabantu abaningi kangaka.

yezisho Isikhwama

Isisho umsuka kungenzeka zomlando (bomdabu) waboleka. Peryvami ngokuvamile kukhona inhlanganisela nzile amagama tabito negative, nge archaisms futhi historicism. Ngokwesibonelo, akukho ukumboza; akanalutho nhlobo; Akekho ukhohliwe, akukho uyalitshalwa; ngomlomo; eduze nemvelo; eyodwa njengomnikelo umunwe; isitshalo sadlala ngesikhathi; kungekho isiwula.

Borrowed ubhekwa enjalo inhlanganisela esitebeleni lwamagama langena olimini njengendlela umkhiqizo osuphelile okungalungile, ngokuvamile benganakile wokuhumusha. kwemali ye phraseology indlela ehlukile. Mythology, izincwadi zasendulo, emBhalweni, ukuletha yobuciko izincwadi emhlabeni ngolimi inhlanganisela esitebeleni yamagama. Izibonelo phraseology othathwe Latin Ulimi: Alma Mater, le fixe IDEE, a Tete-a-Tete. IBhayibheli wanika ezifana inkulumo esitebeleni njengendodana yolahleko, iWundlu likaNkulunkulu, impisi izingubo semvu, geza tandla, nabanye abaningi. Ngowemisebenzi eqanjiwe wangena Isikhwama phraseological of isiRashiya futhi le nkulumo Ubeyindoda umfana? (Gorky), abafowethu ezincane (Esenin), ukusatshalaliswa izindlovu (M.Zoshchenko).

Ukusetshenziswa phraseology enkulumweni

Sikhuluma, sisetshenziswa kabanzi izinkulumo phraseological, kuzwakala esikhanyayo, nesihle inkulumo. Isisho ukugcizelela kwekufundza ngekushelela amazwi abantu, ukukhombisa izinga lemfundo yakhe. Phraseology ulwazi kanye nokusetshenziswa ezifanele wokuboniswa fixed ukhuluma ubungoti ephelele.

Ikhono phraseology ukwenza kube eziphilayo futhi eziqanjiwe sasimthanda izintatheli, abalobi, izazi zezombangazwe, osomaqhinga kanye nabamele amanye ubuchwepheshe, ezihlobene imisebenzi yekuchumana kanye nomthelela kwenkulumo. Abalobi ngokuvamile ukushintsha tisho, zizandise izithako ngokuvamile epithets, okwenza kube engokomfanekiso nakakhulu futhi ekhululekile. Inani inhlanganisela nzile amazwi iba Kuyahlekisa lapho esikhundleni ingxenye inzuzo eqhubekayo.

Ukungcoliswa phraseology esetshenziswa abamaphephandaba Izihloko lwezihloko, ema-eseyi, reclamations. Inkulumo Eshintshile kungokwalabo iqembu ethile phraseology - occasionalisms.

yezisho

Uma usebenzisa inhlanganisela nzile amazwi odinga ukukwazi kahle ukuthi engasho lutho lwabo, acabangele okwakhe yesitayela. amaphutha associative e ukusetshenziswa phraseology, ngokungalungile ngokuthi lapho isakhi esikhundleni Emagama noma izwi efanayo-ukuzwakala (ukuwa emoyeni, okungenani ukubala Cheshi), ukhuluma ngomlando zokungazi ulimi kanye etymology limi. Engalungile, isetshenziswe ezingafanele tiga tenkhulumo ngokuphelele kushintshe okushiwo kusho, obuhlanekezela kwenza iwubuphukuphuku (ayehlabelela dada yakhe ngengoma, okuthunyelwe abathweswe iziqu e uhambo lokugcina). Gwema amaphutha ukuze asize lemisho. Bona uhumusha iyunithi phraseological, lichaza imvelaphi, amagama lahlotshaniswa nemishwana. Ngo izincwadi ngezilimi ezimbili ngezilimi inikezwe translation okulingana.