Aachen Cathedral Germany: umlando, incazelo, isithombe

Aachen Cathedral - lesikhumbuzo esikhulu kunazo zonke izakhiwo ephakathi eYurophu. Namuhla uyisikhonzi ngenye yezindawo edume kakhulu mlando eJalimane, ezindongeni ezigcinwa imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko neyezandla, nezinto ezingcwele yobuKristu.

incazelo

core yezakhiwo kwesakhiwo kuyinto isigodlo Imperial Chapel, ezakhiwe ngonyaka 796 kule isitayela WaseByzantium Odon Metz. Ngokusho canons ukwakhiwa amathempeli kuthathwe endleleni empumalanga amaKristu isakhiwo has a ukuphakama 31 m kanye umbono Sectional -. 32 m Cathedral kuyinto Dome 8 emaceleni, okuyinto lizungezwe igalari olunezinhlangothi 16 e sesibili. Usekelwa izinsika eziyisishiyagalombili. Esikhathini dlula engenhla 8 nemengamo kukhona amakholomu double-non-yenethiwekhi futhi ezisebenza umsebenzi luyingxenye zokuhlobisa. Eminyakeni 1353-1414 lombhishobhi, ogama izithombe nje azibonisi ngokugcwele kulesi sakhiwo, waba ehlotshiswe choir isitayela Gothic.

prehistory

Lapho Karl Veliky wasusa inhloko-dolobha yakhe ngesikhathi Aachen, wanquma luwuphendule eRoma Okwesithathu. Kuze kube yimanje, edolobheni Kwakudingeka bathole izindawo zokukhulekela kobuKristu okunenjongo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kulula iqiniso lokuthi indodakazi yakhe ukuba asidlulisele Byzantine uMbusi uConstantine Omkhulu Wesihlanu. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi izindawo ezithatha namuhla Aachen, zezihambeli kusuka emhlabeni wonke, futhi phakathi komuzi. Kamuva ukubandakanyeka eyayingiphethe kabi, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa Karl Veliky woo manje kuya Irene kakhulu. UMbusikazi wamnika ukwehluleka, Nokho, ukudambisa iphilisi, wamnika lonke izinsalela.

isisekelo

Aachen Cathedral waqala ukuba zakhelwe emhlabeni ngonyaka 800 ngomyalo noKarla Velikogo ngoba izinsalela, kufika njengezipho ezivela iNdlovukazi u-Irene. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo, okuyinto ikuhlelo kombusi lalizoba enkulu futhi zikanokusho ngesikhathi emhlabeni, ochwepheshe eseRoma futhi eByzantium bamenyiwe.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, Aachen Cathedral lanikezelwa ngo UPapa Leo Okwesithathu, futhi 814 esigodlweni sakhe yesonto bangcwaba umzimba noKarla Velikogo.

Carolo Magno

La magama aqoshwe etsheni, esemgwaqweni maphakathi yesonto, futhi ayindawo lapho ekuqaleni kwaku ethuneni noKarla Velikogo.

Ngo-1000 ethuneni le nkosi sika kwatholakala ngemiyalo yezikhulu uMbusi Otto Third. Ngo umlando ephakathi, wathola emzini wezindela Novaleze futhi ephathelene 1048, has a irekhodi lehlangano leyo ka noKarla Velikogo uvele phambi kwamehlo labo ababeze kulo lokumbiwa, walondoloza ngokuphelele. Njengoba kufakazelwa le dokhumenti, uMbusi wayegqoke izingubo ezimhlophe samaholide yahlala esihlalweni ephethe intonga umqhele.

Ngo 1165 ethuneni we asanda kuvulwa ngemiyalo yezikhulu Friedrich Barbarossa Lokuqala eyayizobusa canonize noKarla Velikogo. Khona-ke, izinsalela undecayed babe kafushane obala kubo bonke abantu, futhi yinto yokukhulekela. Khona-ke lo mbusi babayala ukuba bayeke kubhokisi eziwubukhazikhazi, futhi ngo-1215 ukuze angene esikhundleni sakhe, noFrederick II beyalwa ukuba uwafake nezinye ibhokisi eziyigugu.

Esikhathini yokugcina ngokucebile ukuhlotshiswa sarcophagus izinsalela kukaCharlemagne kuya ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 waphumula phezu kwelathi ekwayeni yesonto. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuhambisa lomngcwabo ukuze sacristy. Isibonakaliso amandla ophakeme, abekade sarcophagus e-1798, wathunyelwa Vienna njengoba izinsalela ezibaluleke kakhulu kazwelonke.

Ngokuqondene zemabula esihlalweni elimhlophe lapho okuthiwa befile Karl Veliky (Emperor) utholakale bayiphendule ke kamuva walinameka ngegolide, futhi namuhla obala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kuze kube 1531 yasetshenziswa njengesihlalo sobukhosi. On ke wahlala sababusi emva emcimbini wokugcotshwa.

Izinsalela zethempeli imperial

Aachen Cathedral kwaba isiphephelo zokugcina hhayi kuphela noKarla Velikogo. Ngo 1002 esontweni lombhishobhi wangcwatshwa, no-Otto lwesithathu.

Ngaphandle izinsalela mithi e sacristy yesonto igcinwe izinsalela ezibalulekile ezifana zangaphansi ingubo of the Virgin Mary, ezenziwe ngelineni elicolekile aphuzi-white, nendwangu okuyinto wathandela ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa eBhetlehema Kristu Ingane. I ucezu yokugcina izicubu kuyafana ingxenye izingubo zabesilisa, ngakho-ke kunenkolelo yokuthi, cishe, ke lalikhishwa emkhonweni eyembeni lakhe St Joseph.

Aachen Cathedral iyindawo wesitoreji futhi ibhodi, okuyinto wathandela isidlo nge ikhanda ufushanisiwe St. Ioanna Predtechi, nesidalwa sesine esifuze ithempeli - indwangu, okuyinto kuyingxenye, ziboshwe izinkalo Kristu lapho kukhishwa ngesihluku ngokubethelwa esiphamabanweni.

Ubufakazi bokuthi ngempela bangempela, cha, kodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuyaziwa ukuthi basuke wayaleza ukuba kulethwe East Karl Veliky (Emperor).

Ekhulwini le-19 isiko lwaqala, owawuthi izinsalela ezaboniswa njalo eminyakeni 7 phakathi ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e sacristy yesonto Aachen ne ngaqhubeka izitsha umsebenzi unamakhono futhi amathempelana elaziwayo elincane ambalwa lamaKatolika. Kukhona ngokudayisa engcwele noKarla Velikogo okwakhelwe kulo isinqamu Yekhanda kaKesari futhi ezingavamile Carolingian Gospel 9th kwekhulu, kanye esiphambanweni ngalamagama uphawu Elisabeth II, obhekisela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11.

Ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa umsebenzi

Aachen Cathedral eJalimane umlando wakhe desyativekovoy ngokuphindiwe sezithotshiselwe phansi ushintsho ahlukahlukene. Kulokhu, abayivezi ngaso sonke isikhathi nomthelela yomhlobiso wawo. Ikakhulukazi, yamatshe nekhulu le-19 ukuthi uma embozwe vaults we Dome ethempelini, wacishe ubhujiswe. Ukuze uyibuyisele ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 "ngokokuqala ngqá, iNhlangano noKarla Velikogo", abesebenza kusukela 1849, uzibekele umsebenzi wokubuyisela lombhishobhi kokubili bangaphandle ngaphakathi. Lokhu umgomo osekuzuziwe, sibonga esivulekile eyenziwe Frederick William owokuQala Sixth.

Phakathi emikhulu usebenza octagons esanda lihlotshiswe Antique zamatshe amhlophe, zebiwe French e-1794 futhi wabuyela eJalimane, ngokuvumelana iSivumelwano Paris. Futhi, ukubukeka eziqoshiwe 14 ekhwayeni kwabuyiselwa.

Ngu 1881 yaqedwa nokubuyiselwa yamatshe lasendulo ku Dome of Aachen Cathedral, kanye abuyiselwe altare bakudala, phambi zazo phakathi 813 nonyaka 1531 bagcotshwa 35 amakhosi German nezindlovukazi angaphezu kweshumi nambili.

Legends of Aachen Cathedral

Imperial Cathedral umlando waso lasendulo igcwele-legends. Ngokwesibonelo, kusekhona isiko imali ukuze kwakhiwe Cathedral kwabakhileyo Aachen ethathwe uSathane ngokwakhe, ebathembisa ukuthi ngeke zithole umphefumulo wokuqala angena esakhiweni ngemuva kokuthi usuphothuliwe. Ngokusho lokhu bendawo legend wamkhohlisa uSathane, egijima ngowokuqala impisi lombhishobhi. udeveli abahahayo ngokushesha wabamba isisulu futhi waphawula iqhinga ezingcolile kuphela emva konke sesiphethiwe.

Ungqimba pilgrimage

Cathedral besifunda-bhishobhi Aachen njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa iba into pilgrimage. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Ephakathi, ukuthutheleka yokufisa izinsalela lwakhe lwalulukhulu ukuze abathembekile kuphela egcwele isikwele zonke balcony zezakhiwo eduze eyaziwa, kodwa wazinza ku ophahleni. Ngenxa yalokho, emzini Aachen uye wabona nhlekelele embi kangaka, selokhu kwawa inkundla, okudale izisulu abantu abaningi.

Izinkulungwane bevakashela Aachen Cathedral namuhla. kwatheleka ikakhulukazi enkulu othembekile, lapho obonisa izinsalela zethempeli. I last umcimbi okunjalo okwenzeka ngo-2014. Kubalandeli futhi bembonisa ngaleso show amathempelana egcinwe endaweni yengcebo lombhishobhi, isigaba ekhethekile lwakhiwe. On ngayo 20 kuya ku-29 Juni Kwakuseshwa mass. Ukuze bahlanganyele kulezi emikhosini yenkolo e Aachen baletha ndawonye abamele ivangeli, yamasonto kanye isiGreki Orthodox Christian amahlelo.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini edumile Imperial Cathedral of Aachen. Ithempeli bangaziqhayisa nomlando wayo ocebile. Lokhu lombhishobhi, izithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, ke kuyisimangaliso bokwakha emhlabeni, futhi nakanjani yayo kuwufanele ekutholeni uma kuphela ubunyoninco ithalenta abaklami ephakathi abakhi.