Abakhulumi bangubani? Noma kuthiwani?

Kubantu ngisho nalokho kukhona i-pun engenakuphikisana, amadivaysi ezobuchwepheshe athi okuthile noma azwakala ngokuzwakalayo, igama elithi "isikhulumi" lihlanganisiwe. Iphi futhi nini isetshenziswa kakhulu?

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuhumusha

Igama livela isenzo sesiNgisi ukukhuluma - "khuluma." Ngokuvamile, leli gama libizwa ngokuthi yiyiphi isihloko esho into ethile ngendlela yokukhuluma. Abathengi (ngokuhunyushwa okunye okungenzeka) abantu bakhuluma ngento esesidlangalaleni noma, ngokwesibonelo, baba ngamaqhawe enkulumweni yomagazini.

Kukhona ukuhumusha kwegama eliphathelene nezinhlelo ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, izikhulumi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zibizwa ngokuthi izikhulumi ezivamile. Ukufaneleka kokusebenzisa leli gama, ngenxa yalokho, kuncike kumongo.

Okhulumela ezombusazwe

Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukuhumusha kwezombangazwe kwaleli gama: emazweni angokwenkululeko yentando yeningi kukhona izikhulumi zamaphalamende ( izitho eziphakeme zamandla amele ). Ngalokhu, igama lisetshenziswe, mhlawumbe kanengi.

Ezingxenyeni zikahulumeni bamazwe ahlukene, noma kunjalo, izikhulumi zinamandla amakhulu kakhulu. Uma, kuthiwa, eRussia umuntu onesikhundla esivela ephalamende angadlala indima ebalulekile ekulalelweni, e-US, njengombuso, isikhulumi asinalungelo lokungenelela ekuxoxweni kwezindaba zomthetho.

Ukuvakashelwa ePhalamende: ngubani oyisihlalo esiphezulu?

Kanye nomuntu owenza "ukulinganisa" imihlangano ephalamende yezwe, kukhona isikhulu esiphendula. Ngokuvamile igama layo elisemthethweni liyi "vice-isikhulumi". Lo ngumuntu, ngokuvamile ohloswe ukufaka esikhundleni sokuba usihlalo wezokuzwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwalesi sigaba emsebenzini. Inqubo yokuqokwa kwayo ingahle ibekwe kumqulu wokuqokwa komasipala (uma kungumbuzo wephalamende yedolobha) kanye neminye yemithetho. Imisebenzi ye-vice-sikhulumi ingavunyelwa ngamaphini omzimba omele. Ukususwa kwalowo muntu emisebenzini esemthethweni kungenzeka ngenxa yokuhluleka okuhleliwe ukwenza kanjalo. Le nqubo yenziwa ngokuphakanyiswa kwesikhulumi ngokwakhe futhi ixoxwa yiphalamende. Ububanzi bezinkinga ukuthi iphini likaSihlalo webandla elimele libheke lingase libanzi kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngesikhulumi seDolobha Duma, kungaba yisibonelo, ukuxhumana namanye amakomidi asephalamende axazulula izinkinga zokubaluleka komasipala.

Ukuhumusha lobuchwepheshe begama

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izikhulumi akuzona abantu ngempela. Kungaba namadivayisi wokukhiqiza okuzwakalayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zesethi yokugcina, futhi enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kwamakholomu - ubukhulu. Kukhona izinto ezihloswe ukufakwa emahholo amakhulu ekhonsathini, futhi kukhona amadivaysi okuthiwa "isikhulumi esincane". Kuyini lokhu? Akukho lutho kunekholomu encane yokuzwakalayo: encane, yizinto eziyigugu kakhulu ezakhiwe ngabathengi. Kuhle kakhulu, uma izinga eliphansi lomsindo lwedivayisi alihlupheki. Isisindo samakholomu aleli klasi singaba ngamagremu ayi-100.

Izibonelo zemishini enjalo ezimakethe zabathengi, Yebo, zikhona. Ezinhlobonhlobo zezitolo ze-intanethi nezikhungo zokudayiswa kwemishini yamakhaya ungathenga izikhulumi ezincane. Lokhu akusikho ukulahlekelwa - izinkampani ezikhiqiza lezi zixhobo ziningi. Abathengi bakulungele ukukhipha edolobheni, ukuhamba (kubandakanya ukuvakasha kwamazwe ngamazwe, uma yonke imithwalo yemithwalo ibalulekile). Ukuguqulwa kwale madivaysi kuhlukile - kunama-wireless, okuhambisana ne-SD-card slots, kukhona labo abakwazi ukudlala amafayela e-MP3 ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwemishini eyengeziwe ngendlela yekhompyutha noma umdlali.

Somlomo ukuthi i-State Duma

Iphalamende yaseRussia Federal iphinde inikezele ngokuthunyelwe kwesipikha. Umuntu ophetheyo uqondisa endlini ephansi yesigunyaziso somthetho. USomlomo weDolobha likaDuma ngumuntu obizwa ngokuthi, kuqala, ukusetha inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kweqembu futhi asize ozakwabo bathole ukuyekethisa ekuxazululeni izinkinga zomthetho. Lokhu kubonisa amandla amakhulu alo mkhulu waseRussia kunokuba, kuthi, eU.SA (sikhulume amagama ambalwa mayelana nokuzikhethela komsebenzi wezikhulumi zeCongress). Noma, isibonelo, e-UK, lapho usihlalo wephalamende (ngokuvamile) ephethe "umengameli" ozimele wezinkulumo ezivela embonweni womunye umuntu.

Abameli be-State Duma ngokwabo lapho bexoxisana nabamemezeli bakhombisa ukuthi phakathi kwemisebenzi kaSihlalo wendlu encane yephalamende kuyisifiso sokuqinisekisa ukuzethemba kwamaphini. E-Russia, kungenzeka ukuthi isikhulumi se-State Duma singumuntu ongeyona ingxenye. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu yamaPhalamende aseNtshonalanga. Esikhathini samandla wamandla emazweni athuthukile, izikhulumi ngezinye izikhathi ziyisibonelo sezinkolelo ezithandwayo ezichazwe izinqubomgomo zeqembu. Kunomkhuba wokwabelana ngemithwalo yemfanelo phakathi kukaSihlalo we-State Duma namaphini akhe.

Somlomo esikhundleni somongameli

Ezombusazwe, kunezimo lapho umengameli wezwe engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe ngesizathu esithile. Inhloko yombuso ingase ingabi namandla empilweni, ingase inqatshelwe ukuhlubuka eMlandland, ukwephulwa kwemigomo yomthethosisekelo. Angase futhi abe ngaphansi kwesiphambeko.

Umongameli angasula ngokuzithandela. Kwamanye amazwe, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka izimo ezishiwo ngenhla, kuthiwa ukuthi inhloko yombuso ithathelwe indawo isikhulumi sephalamende okwesikhashana. Lo mthetho uqondisiwe, isibonelo, eFrance.