Ukuhamba kwesondlo: imfundo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ukuhamba kwesondlo sokuthutha kuyindlela ebalulekile. Isebenza kubo bonke abashayeli. Le nqubo yasungulwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela izakhamizi ezingozini nezinye izenzakalo ezingathandeki ezihambisana nezimoto. Phela, ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe kungumhlobo wokuhlola imoto ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezisungulwe. Uma imoto ingenaso isondlo, ayivunyelwe ukuhamba emigwaqweni. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli kumele balandele le nqubo. Kodwa inezici eziningi nama-nuances. Kungani ulungiselela? Yiziphi amaphuzu okufanele ngizinake?

I-terminology

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi inqubo ye-TO iyini. Le nqubo, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, iyadingeka kuzo zonke izimoto. Lena uhlobo lokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yemoto.

Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kwenziwa ukuvumela imoto ukuba ihambe emigwaqweni, futhi ikwazi ukubona ukuthi iyasebenza kanjani. Uma isakhamuzi sidlulile le nqubo, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imoto isesimweni esihle, ayikho ingozi ebalulekile, ihlangabezana ngokugcwele namazinga ekhwalithi asetshenziswa eRussia.

Gwema lokho akufanele. Kulokhu, izimoto zivunyelwe ukuhamba emigwaqweni. Umnikazi wemoto kuyodingeka ahlupheke (ngokuvamile ngokuvamile icala likhawulelwe ukuhlawuliswa noma ukusola / ukusola) ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenqubo yokubopha imoto. Uma ungahle uhlele ukuqhuba ukuthutha, isheke singalahlelwa okwesikhashana.

Imishini emisha

Kudingeka kaningi kangakanani ukudlulisa i-TOE yemoto? Kuncike kakhulu ngonyaka wokukhiqizwa komshini. Isigaba sokuqala yizimoto ezintsha. Awudingi ukukhathazeka ngokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala.

Into yokuthi ukuthuthwa okusha akudingeki kuhlolwe isikhathi esithile. Umnikazi unikezwa iminyaka engu-3 yenkululeko kule ndaba. Okusho ukuthi, kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwemoto engadlulanga izinyanga ezingu-36, kungenzeka ukuthi ungakhathazeki ngalokhu. Kodwa kusadingeka ulungiselele le nqubo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le nqubo izobe isadingeka. Iyini imvamisa yesondlo kwezinye izigaba zokuthutha?

Kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili

Konke kuncike, futhi, ngonyaka wokukhiqizwa kwemoto. Sekucacile kakade - ukuthuthwa okusha akudingi ukuhlolwa. Kufanele kanjani emva kweminyaka engu-3 idlulile kusukela ngosuku lokukhishwa kwemoto?

Kusukela kuleso sikhathi umnikazi kumele ahlele ukuhlela i-TO. Okuhlukile uma kwenzeka ukuphathwa kwezokuthutha kungakalungiselelwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuvunyelwe ukwenza ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokushiya imigwaqo yokuhlala. Lesi simo asivamile, ngoba ngokuvamile eRussia kuye ungathola ukusola, ngisho nokuhle. Ukufakazela ukuthi "isikhathi esingenalutho" salo moto asinakwenzeka.

Kudingeka kaningi kangakanani ukudlula isondlo? Imoto, eyakhishwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwemithathu edlule, ihlolwe njalo eminyakeni emibili. Futhi inqubo efanayo izolinda abanikazi bezimoto kuze kube yilapho imoto iphenduka iminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Futhi yini elandelayo? Kulesi sikolo, kunemithetho ekhethekile esebenza eRussia kuze kube yilolu suku. Kuyini ukuvama kwesondlo kwezinye izigaba zezimoto?

Ukuhlolwa kwonyaka

Uma umbuzo wezokuthutha usudala kakhulu, kuzodingeka ukuba ngonyaka uhlole ukuthi uhambisane nemigomo yaseRussia yekhwalithi nokusebenza. Into yukuthi kanye ngonyaka, isongela zonke izimoto ezifinyelele eminyakeni engu-7. Ukuthutha okudala kufanele kuhlolwe kaningi, lokhu kuvamile.

Lokhu akuwona wonke amashayeli adinga ukwazi. Ezinye izigaba zezimoto (hhayi nje izimoto zomuntu siqu) nazo zihloselwe ukuhlolwa kwonyaka, kodwa kakade kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unyaka wenzani. Imishini enjalo ithwala:

• Izimoto, lapho ubukhulu obuvunyelwe khona bungaphezu kwamathani ayi-3.5;
• Ezokuthutha nge-spetssignalami;
• Noma imuphi umshini ohloselwe ukufundisa ngokushayela.

Yilezi zici ezibona kuqala ukuhamba kwe-TO ngesikhathi sayo. Kodwa imithetho engenhla ivame ukusetshenziswa emotweni. Kuthiwani uma ngidinga ukuhlola ikhwalithi yeminye imishini?

Kabili ngonyaka

E-Russia, kunezimiso ezikhethekile zokudlulisa ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, kuye ngokuthi isigaba somoto othile. Ngaphezu kwezimo ezibalwe ngaphambili, singakwazi ukukhipha iphuzu elilodwa elilodwa. Iphuzu liwukuthi imvamisa yokugcinwa kwezinye izigaba zokuthutha "imishini" ingaba izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka. Yiziphi izimo lokhu okungenzeka? Uma:

• Lena ibhasi;
• Itekisi (emele imoto);
• Ukuhlola kuqhutshwa ngamaloli, okunikeza ithuba lokuthutha abagibeli abangaphezu kuka-8 (ngaphandle kwesihlalo somshayeli);
• Isihloko sokuqinisekisa yizimoto ezikhethekile kanye namaloli afakwe ukuthutha izimpahla eziyingozi nezinto.

Mhlawumbe, lezi yizona zonke izici ezifaka imvamisa yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezimoto zezigaba ezihlukahlukene. Manje udinga ukwazi ezinye izici abashayeli abalindele.

Yini ehlolwe

Kanjani indlela ye-TO? Lolu lwazi lwabashayeli lusizo kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ehlolwayo imoto. Khona-ke kuyokwazi ukulungiselela inqubo kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola imvume yokugibela emigwaqeni yomuzi ngeke kube yingozi kumnikazi. Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa imoto kuzohlolwa:

• Isistimu ye-Brake;
• Ukuqondisa;
• Ama-wipers nama-washers;
• Amathayi namavili (ukuhlola ukuphakama kwendlela yokunyathela);
• Amadivayisi wokukhanyisa kwangaphandle;
• Injini (kuhlanganise nokucwaninga kokuhlushwa kwezinto ezilimazayo egesi elikhiqiziwe);
• Ezinye izingxenye (izibuko, amabhande okuphepha, izibuko njalonjalo).

Umnikazi wemoto uzophinde adinge isitifiketi esikhethekile sokusiza umshayeli, izimpawu zokuphuthuma eziphuthumayo, nokucima umlilo. Konke lokhu kumele kube yinto ephoqelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ungahlala nokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe okungadluliswanga. Qaphela usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi somlilo wokucisha umlilo kanye nekithi lokuqala lokusiza - akufanele liphelelwe yisikhathi. Uma isikhathi sisondela, emva kwalokho akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezibalwe ngaphambili, umshayeli uzoxwayiswa ngalokhu.

Amathiphu okulungiselela

Yini okudingayo ukudlula ku-TO? Kukhona amathiphu amaningana azokusiza ukuba ubhekane nale nqubo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingadingekile. Kusho kakade ukuthi kuyadingeka ukulungisa isitifiketi sokusiza, isibonakaliso sokumisa esiphuthumayo, nokucisha umlilo. Uma izinsuku zokuphelelwa isikhathi ziphelelwa yisikhathi, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe ngokushesha izingxenye ezibalwe. Umshwalense owengeziwe.

Awudingi ukuqoqa ithuluzi lokuqala lokusiza. Yilungele ezitolo zemishini yezimoto nezesekeli. Lapho ungathenga ukucima umlilo omncane.

Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni yokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, imoto kuyodingeka ihlanzwe. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, ezinye izinkinga zingase zivele ngesikhathi senqubo. Ukuhlolwa kungayeka noma kuthathe isinqumo ukuthi imoto ayihlangabezani nezinga eliphezulu nezokuphepha.

Amadokhumenti ukuhlolwa

Izinyathelo zokuqala zendlela eya empumelelweni zenziwa - ukuthuthwa kugezwa, kuhlanganiswe nakho konke okudingekayo. Yini elandelayo? Isigaba esilandelayo ukulungiselela wonke amaphepha adingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Yini okudingayo ukudlula ku-TO? Phakathi kwamaphepha umshayeli okufanele athathe naye ukuze ahlolwe, kukhona:

• Ikhadi lesitatimende sesakhamuzi (ipasipoti yomphakathi);
• I-PTS yemoto;
• Isitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwemoto.

Awekho amadokhumenti avela kumshayeli adingekayo. Kakade, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ikhadi elikhethekile lokuxilonga lenziwa futhi likhishwe. Izokhombisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Uma imoto ithunyelwe kusayithi ngumuntu ongeyena umnikazi, amandla ommeli azophinde aboniswe. Uma kungenjalo, ukuhlolwa ngeke kwenziwe. Umnikazi kuphela noma umuntu ogunyaziwe ohlelweni oluhlelekile unelungelo lokushayela imoto, nokudlulisa isondlo.

Ithumela ukubuyekezwa

Isigaba esilandelayo sithumela izimoto endaweni yokuhlola. Ngaphambilini, le nqubo yenziwa kuphela endaweni yokubhaliswa kwemoto. Ukwenza lokhu, umnikazi kufanele ahambise imoto endaweni ethile yokuhlola imoto. Kodwa izinguquko eziyinhloko emithethweni yokudlulisela i-TO evumela izakhamizi ukuthi zifeze umbono lapho ngabe zifanelwe khona.

Manje ungakwazi ukuvakashela ngokuphelele noma iyiphi isikhungo sokuqinisekisa / isikhombisi sokuhlola. Akunandaba ukuthi yikuphi umuzi nokuthi yikuphi ikheli inqubo ezokwenziwa. Umnikazi wezokuthutha umane nje kufanele ahambise imoto enkampanini ekhethekile. Ungasebenzisa futhi amayunithi wamaphoyisa omgwaqo.

Uma nje imoto ithunyelwa endaweni yokuhlola, wonke amadokhumenti adalwe ngaphambilini azofuneka. Okulandelayo, umshayeli ulinde nje imiphumela. Izisebenzi zesikhungo sokuhlola zihlola izingxenye zokuthutha, emva kwalokho zonke izinkomba zibhalwa ekhadini lokuhlonza.

Uma inqubo isiphelile, umnikazi ukhiphe imephu yokuhlonza imoto. Lokhu kuqedela yonke inqubo. Ungaqhubeka nokuhamba emgwaqweni. Uma kuvela ukuthi imoto ayikwazi ukuvunyelwa ukuhamba azungeze umuzi, umshayeli uqeda zonke izinkinga futhi uphinde adlule ngenqubo yokuhlola lobuchwepheshe bomshini.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhokhe

Yile mithetho yokugcinwa kwe-TOE okwamanje esebenza eRussia. Akekho onelungelo lokugwema le nqubo. Ngaphambi kokuya ezindaweni zokuhlolwa kwezimoto, kufanele uthole okuthile okunye. Kuqondene nezindleko zenqubo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi le nqubo ayinalutho. Akunjalo. Eqinisweni, izindleko zokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe zixhomeke esifundeni sokuhlala, kanye nasesigaba lapho lokhu noma leyo moto imayelana khona. Ukuhlolwa okunciphile kwezithuthuthu kunama-ruble angu-200-300. Kodwa amabhasi azodinga abanikazi ukuthi bakhokhe imali ngemali engaba ngu-1500-2000, ukuhamba kwabagibeli ngokwesilinganiso kudinga ama-ruble angu-700-800. Ulwazi olunembile olunconywayo luyanconywa ukuba lufundwe ezindaweni ezithile zokuhlola imoto ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.

I-MTPL ne-TOE

Yini enye okufanele nginakekele? Into yukuthi ukuhamba kwe-TO kuyinkambiso ephoqelekile edingekayo ukuqinisekisa umshwalense wemoto ngaphansi kwesistimu ye-OSAGO. Izinguquko zamuva zibonisa ukuthi isakhamuzi sinesibopho sokuhlola imoto kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10 ngemuva kokuphela kwebalazwe lokuhlola elidlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OSAGO isivele itholakale. Lezi akuzona zonke izici umnikazi okumelwe azicabangele.

Ngokuphathelene nezinguquko emithethweni yokuthenga umshuwalense wemoto, kungaqaphela ukuthi ukutholakala kwekhadi lokuxilonga lapho kuthenga i-OSAGO akudingekile. Yilokho, ngokwalo, idokhumenti yokuqala kufanele ibe. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokuyiveza. Phela, lonke ulwazi oluvela kwimephu yokuhlonza imoto ludluliselwa kurejista yedatha eyodwa yedatha. Uma ngesikhathi sokuthengwa kwe-OSAGO kumshayeli ikhadi lokuxilongwa kwezokuthutha liceliwe, kungenzeka ukuba libheke ekuphuleni kwemithetho esemthethweni.

Isijeziso sokulibala

Ngokuvamile, ngokuphathelene nezinguquko zakamuva, kubashayeli abaningi, inkokhelo yokuphatha yabaphathi bezokuthutha ngaphandle kwalokhu kukhishwa. Umnikazi angasolwa. Futhi akukho okunye okunye.

Kodwa i-Code of Administrative Offenses ye-Russian Federation ithi ezinye zezigaba zokuthutha (noma kunalokho, lezo ezihambisana nokuqinisekiswa okufanelekayo izikhathi ezingu-2 ngonyaka) zizokhokhela umnikazi uma kungekho ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe. Inani lemali ebuyisiwe akuyona enkulu kakhulu - ama-ruble angu-500-800 kuphela. Lokhu kuvamile kukhonjiswe ku-Article 12.1, isigaba sesi-2 seKhowudi YokuPhutha Kwezokuphatha kwe-Russian Federation.

Kuvela ukuthi ungenza ngaphandle kwesijeziso. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi akudingekile ukudlulisa ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe. Thenga umshuwalense ngaphandle kokuthi kuyinkinga kakhulu. Futhi, umshayeli uzobe eshaywa njalo ngamaphoyisa omgwaqo. Ngeke bahlawulise, kodwa bangasongela ngokulahlwa kwelayisensi yokushayela noma ngokuhoxiswa kwemoto. Uma kuvela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe akuzange kudlule emotweni yokusebenza, ibhizinisi lizokwaziswa, lihlawuliswe futhi lizohlola izimoto ezisele. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungasimisa umsebenzi we-corporation. Ikakhulukazi uma yinkampani yokuthutha ehilelekile ekuthuthweni kwabagibeli.

Yilokho konke. Manje kusobala ukuthi yi-TO. Izinqubo zokuqhuba uhlolo akuzona ezimbi njengoba zibonakala. Ayikho inkinga ezovela kulabo ababuka imoto yabo. Okunye kuzomele kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa.