Aileron - roll iphini. aviating

Kuyini aileron? Lokhu sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza control izindlela (iphini roll), okuyinto anemisila ezindizeni ezivamile futhi kuqale "nedada." I ailerons zitholakala kwi trailing onqenqemeni iphiko panel. Ziklanyelwe ukulawula engela ukuthambekela "yensimbi inyoni": ngesikhathi kwesicelo evele ukulawula roll kuthiwa baphambukile zibheke, umehluko. Ukuze indiza athambekele ekusebenziseni esingakwesokudla, aileron kwesokunxele iqondiswe phansi, futhi ilungelo - phezulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Uyini Umgomo we isigwedlo roll? amandla Ukuphakamisa kuyehla ngalolo ingxenye iphiko, okuyinto ahlelwe phambi aileron wavuswa. Ingxenye iphiko, okuyinto ibekwe phambi aileron kwehlisa, phakamisa iyakhula. kwakhiwa Ngakho is iphuzu amandla, okuyinto lishintsha ijubane ukujikeleza izindiza emhlabeni i-eksisi ezifanayo nge eksisi longitudinal we umshini.

indaba

Yikuphi uqala ukuvela aileron? Le divayisi emangalisayo ifakiwe ku monoplane, wadala ngo-1902, i Innovator Richardom Persi waseNew Zealand. Ngeshwa, imoto yakhe nje wenza izindiza awahlali futhi iDemo. Le ndiza wokuqala, uzibophezele indiza ngokuphelele esihlelwe ne umshini isigwedlo roll engu-14 Bis, eyenziwe Alberto Santos-Dumont. Okokuqala sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza control izindlela esikhundleni ukuhlanekezela iphiko ababulawa Wright abazalwane.

Ngakho, ukufunda ngokutjheja okungeziweko aileron. Le divayisi kunezinzuzo eziningi. Olawula ebusweni elihlanganisa umkhumbi futhi enezinto kubizwe flaperon (flaperon). Ukulingisa umsebenzi we ailerons enezinto, bobabili sehliselwe phansi. Ukuze roll eside ukulawula ukuphambuka yengezwe le umehluko Ukujikeleza elula.

Ukuze ulungise ukuthambekela liner nelungiselelo ngenhla lingase lisetshenziswe ukulungisa Vector traction izinjini, igesi okuyiqondisa, spoiler, iphini, ukuguqulwa maphakathi mass indiza, umehluko displacement okuyiqondisa ubude kanye nezinye gimmicks.

side effects

Kanjani aileron? Le ndlela yokwenza ezingezwakali ukuthi ine inezici ezithile ezingathandeki. Enye uhlangothi umphumela izenzo zakhe kuyinto yaw okuncane kolunye uhlangothi. Ngamanye amazwi, ne aileron kwesokudla ukushintshanisa izindiza ngesikhathi okwandisa roll Ungahambisa kancane kwesobunxele. Lo mphumela kwenzeka ngenxa umehluko hudula phakathi kwesokunxele nakwesokudla iphiko panel kubangelwa ushintsho lift lapho oscillation aileron.

Elikhulu hudula Coefficient ukuthi ine iphiko console, okuyinto baphambukile aileron phansi. Esikhathini samanje zokulawula "yensimbi inyoni", lokhu side effect kuyehla, kusetshenziswe amasu ahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze udale ukuqhela roll, aileron kolunye uhlangothi, kodwa ngezinye engeli ukungalingani.

umphumela reverse

Ngiyavuma, ukuphathwa izindiza kudinga ikhono. Ngakho, imishini ngesivinini nge iphiko kakhulu yinde kungabonwa ahoxise umphumela evele ukulawula roll. Wakwenza kanjani ibukeke?

Uma kuka aileron, ibekwe eduze ichopho iphiko, kukhona umthwalo manoeuvrable everted izindiza iphiko kanye engela zokuhlasela kuso kuphambuka. izenzakalo ezinjalo zingase bushelelezi umphumela sitholwe displacement we aileron, futhi kungaholela imiphumela okuphambene.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukwandisa amandla lift isigamu-iphiko, le aileron is baphambukile phansi. Ngokulandelayo, emaphethelweni trailing iqala esebenza amandla nenshisekelo phezulu everted iphiko phambili futhi engela kuhlaselwa kuyehla, okuyinto kunciphisa amandla nokuphakamisa. Eqinisweni, umphumela evele ukulawula roll lundiza lapho reverse iyafana umthelela kubo usike.

Kunjalo isigwedlo roll Ukubuyiselwa emuva kubonakele ku eziningi ekuphonsweni (ikakhulukazi kwi Tu-134). Phela, lo TU-22 ngenxa imiphumela enjalo zinciphise isibalo Mach lancipha 1.4. Ngokuvamile, ailerons ukulawula pilot ukutadisha isikhathi eside. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ekuvimbeleni reverse ukulawula roll evele kukhona ailerons, spoiler isicelo (spoiler zitholakala eduze maphakathi kuzithinta iphiko, futhi lapho kukhululwa yayo neze ngoba ezimazombe) noma ukufakwa aileron ezengeziwe kwesigaba cishe maphakathi. Uma ekhona samuntu yesibili, yangaphandle (ibekwe mayelana eziyimpumelelo) amasondo Roll, ukulawula wazifunela elikhiqizayo ngesivinini aphansi, ngesikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu off, kanye nokulawula lateral Kwenziwa ailerons yangaphakathi ukuthi ukuvimbela izinto zizoshintsha ngenxa rigidity umxhwele iphiko elikhona esigabeni isikhungo.

nohlelo lokuphatha

Futhi manje sibheke indiza ukuphathwa. Iqembu izimoto sisemoyeni, eqinisekisa ukunyakaza ukulungiswa "izinyoni steel" ubheke uhlelo lokulawula. Njengoba umshayeli ibekwe abanikeze asebenza nabo, futhi umkhumbi futhi ailerons zitholakala emaphikweni nomsila kwendiza, efakwe isibopho ezakhayo phakathi kwazo. imisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa ekuqinisekiseni nokwethenjelwa, kalula kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo ukulawula umshini isikhundla.

Yiqiniso, lapho ukufuduka Ukudidiyela evele ezithinta zona amandla iyakhula. Nokho, lokhu akufanele kuholele nokwanda akwamukelekile ukucindezeleka ku isigwedlo ukulungiswa.

ukulawula izindiza kungaba othomathikhi, semi-automatic futhi mathupha. Uma umuntu usebenzisa amandla kwemisipha kwenza umsebenzi amathuluzi ukuzanywa, uhlelo lokulawula enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi inhlukano (isiqondiso ngqo liner).

Systems nokuphathwa manual kungenzeka hydromechanical noma mechanical. Eqinisweni, lapho sathola khona ukuthi ephikweni izindiza linendima ebalulekile ekuphathweni. Ngo civil zezindiza izinjini kulungiselelwa eziyisisekelo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa kumadivayisi ezimbili umshayeli kinematic elawula amandla futhi ukufuduka umyalo iziyisikhombisa double mechanical wiring nokulawula evele.

Uma umshayeli usebenza umshini esebenzisa izindlela kanye namadivayisi ukuhlinzeka kanye lube lwenta ncono lizinga inqubo ukuzanywa, semi-automatic elawula uhlelo libizwa. umshayeli kulawula kuphela iqembu izingxenye self-wenza, okuyinto kudala futhi sishintsha amabutho wokuxhumanisa izici sibonga uhlelo okuzenzakalelayo.

eziyinkimbinkimbi

Control kusho ebhodini base liner ngokuthi amadivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi imiklamo, lapho umshayeli ashukumisa yokukhalaza ukulungiswa, ukushintsha-flight mode noma umshini ngokulingene imodi kusengaphambili. Lezi zihlanganisa okuyiqondisa, ailerons, isimame adjustable. Elements ukuqinisekisa ezengeziwe ukulawula ukulungiswa izingxenye (enezinto, spoiler, slats), ngokuthi iphiko nokukhanda noma izilawuli asizayo.

Kumila Ukudidiyela simiso liner zihlanganisa:

• umyalo iziyisikhombisa lapho izenzo umshayeli, kubenze nokusebenzisa amandla kubo;
• Special izindlela, actuators namadivayisi othomathikhi;
• ukuzanywa wiring yokuxhuma ohlelweni base control ne iziyisikhombisa umyalo.

Implementation ukuphathwa

Umshayeli wenza ukulawula longitudinal, isb kushintsha engela iphimbo, deflecting ijoka ngokwalo noma ngokwabo. Vula amasondo ayo kuya kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla futhi deflecting le ailerons, umshayeli nokobana ukulawula lateral, imoto lurched emaceleni. Ukushintsha umshayeli isigwedlo odlulela ku ihamba, nayo esetshenziswa ukulawula igiya ekhaleni kokwehla ngesikhathi umkhumbi ukunyakaza phansi.

Ngokuvamile, umshayeli isixhumanisi main kuleli bhukwana kanye semi-automatic elawula uhlelo, futhi enezinto, ailerons nezinye izingxenye izindiza - kungcono indlela nje ukuhambahamba. Pilot aqonde futhi icubungula ulwazi isikhundla imoto okuyiqondisa, ngokweqile, yenza isinqumo bese enza izinto iziyisikhombisa ngomyalo.

izidingo

indiza ukulawula Basic kumele bahlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Lapho uphethe traffic umshini ngezinyawo nezandla oluhlolwa umshayeli wendiza kudingeka bayeke iziyisikhombisa komyalo, kumele ifane ikhaliphe angokwemvelo ukuthi zenzeka lapho ebambe ibhalansi. Ukuhambisa isibambo umyalo endaweni efanele kufanele ubangele ukuhamba "izinyoni steel" luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa.
2. liner yokusabela kuya ukufuduka umyalo iziyisikhombisa kufanele kube ukulibala kancane.
3. Ngesikhathi amathuluzi ukulawula ukuphambuka (okuyiqondisa, ailerons, nokunye) amandla isetshenziswa izibambo umyalo kufanele landa kancane kancane: kufanele ziqondiswe kolunye uhlangothi kuya ukunyakaza izikhali futhi ukubaluleka zabasebenzi kumele esihlelwe ne imishini ye-flight mode. Lesi sakamuva kusiza umshayeli ukuze uthole "umqondo control" izindiza.
4. Handlebars kufanele bazibuse, bangabuswa nomunye: ukuphambuka, isibonelo, ikheshi angeke kubangele kuka lo ailerons, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
5. I-engeli we ukufuduka lokulawula evele ziyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ematfuba flying imishini yonke edingekayo vzlotnyh kokwehla izindlela.

Sithemba lesi sihloko kuye kwasiza uqonde injongo ailerons futhi ukuqonda isilawuli eziyisisekelo "izinyoni steel".