BTR-80: Imininingwane Ukusebenza

Naphezu ekhishwa imodeli entsha ye BTR-82, BTR-80 ithandwa kakhulu izisebenzi armored yenethiwekhi ebuthweni Russian. Lokhu ezinamasondo esungulwe esekelwe isipiliyoni izingxabano odlule ahlomile. BTR-80 kuqinisa izithiyo amanzi amancane, ngokushesha ukuthola isivinini, has permeability ezinhle, oluhambisana izikhali, zempi ngoba injini laselikhala. Kukhona umlilo elwa imishini nemisebe Ukuvikelwa - intela ukuze amakhono izikhali zanamuhla. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-mshini ukulethwa okusheshayo enkundleni lokulwa kokwehla ukuhlinzeka ikhava. Endabeni ukuhlela ekumeleleni i armored izisebenzi yenethiwekhi wemba emhlabathini, nombhoshongo ngesibhamu umshini liphenduka ibhokisi lamaphilisi.

Kukuyiphi ibutho isetshenziswa

Ububanzi APC kunalokho ezibanzi. Uma sikhuluma BTR-80, izici lobuchwepheshe avumele ukusetshenziswa lokhu ezokuthutha ezihlukahlukene amabutho. It is ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa elihamba ngemoto. Kunoma amabhuku okufunda ngesikhathi amacebo, ungathola isikimu zempi etimeni letehlukene ezinezinjini elihamba Leli qembu kanye nabasebenzi armored yezinkampani ezintathu.

esinejubane futhi flotation ukwenza BTR-80 yisu ekahle kokwehla amayunithi. Ikhono zokuthuthukisa izithiyo amanzi kanye nekhono ukuthutha izimoto ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni ungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa imisebenzi Marine Corps. Eight-imishini kalula ihamba aphume ramps emanzini imizuzu embalwa Ngibambeni wezikhali kuze kube ugu uqhubeke zihlasele umhlaba, futhi ngaphansi zempi elinde in amaphiko "berets omnyama".

Kungenzeka futhi ukuba kabusha imishini kusuka izindiza, ngemuva kokufika ngokushesha BTR obandakanya empini. Modern parachute izinhlelo ukuvumela ukuthi alahle amathangi kanye izimoto armored ngesikhathi esisodwa nge crew, nge ingozi okuncane abantu.

Ngaphezu Russian BTR-80 sisetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni CIS, Estonia, Turkey nabanye.

Izindawo wenkazimulo lempi

Kusukela ngo-1976 e-Soviet Union kwaba eziyisisekelo armored izisebenzi yenethiwekhi BTR-70 - imoto akukubi, kodwa kwamaphutha ngofuzo esasisandulele - BTR-60PB. Wayephethe enkulu petrol, enganele ukucabanga-out simiso indiza lokufikela amabutho, alithembekile amandla plant. BTR-80, ogama izici avumele ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezihlukahlukene izimo - In the 80s ekuseni Design Bureau of Gorky Automobile Plant entsha izisebenzi armored yenethiwekhi engokwemvelo yaklanywa. Le nqubo entsha izuze idumela layo ngokusebenza kanzima, wedlula imigwaqo kuzo zonke izingxabano zempi zase-USSR kanye CIS kusukela 1980: Moldova, Tajikistan, Chechnya, Nagorno-Karabakh, njll

BTR-80 sasetshenziswa njengophawu imoto main ezimpini eNorth Caucasus. Troopers ziyiswe ophahleni Ezokuthutha Abasebenzi. Endabeni ukubandakanyeka lempi ngendlela amasosha wagxuma wathatha ikhava ngemuva izinhlangothi zempi.

Abafokazi, leli sosha Russian lihlotshaniswa hhayi kuphela Kalashnikov nokuhlanganisa isibhamu, kodwa futhi ne BTR-80. Imininingwane uvumele ekusetshenzisweni imishini kanye nemisebenzi anti-amaphekula. Lona ethandwa kakhulu kwazimoto ebuthweni isiRashiya, asetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa ngesisekelo the BTR-80 lokushaya amayunithi, uxhumano amayunithi, wezikhali, kanye umtholampilo ephathekayo.

ukubukeka

Izimoto eziningi ukulwa babe cishe ukubukeka efanayo njengoba BTR-80. Photo engezansi ibonisa i bezibona kangcono. Umzimba wenziwe bronestali, ashiselwe uvalwe futhi ngokuphepha. Izakhi eziyinhloko ekhaleni feed, ohlangothini, ophahleni, phansi. Ezokuthutha Abasebenzi has a lonke iqoqo kubhaklazeka: indophi emnsalweni lapho futhi manholes ngokuba HLF, lichanyuselwe umshayeli kanye induna gumbi izisebenzi kanye emnyango sokuphehla amandla. Futhi ngaphambi khona volnootrazhatelny isihlangu.

Kumiswa umbhotjhongo njengoba Isigaxa ufushanisiwe, it has ukusetha abhanqiwe embrasures izibhamu. Ashiselwe kusukela bronestali.

BTR-80. imiyalelo yokusebenzisa

Izisebenzi Armored yenethiwekhi ilawulwa ufana nemoto evamile, kukhona amasondo ayo, ahamba ngebhayisikili futhi igiya shift isigwedlo. On izindlela ezintsha kufanele ukudluliswa ngisho othomathikhi. Uhlolojikelele umshayeli incane, kodwa akuyona imoto uhlanga. Into esemqoka - ukuze ubone konke eseza, futhi yini ohlangothini BTR-80 nge isisindo sayo namandla ngeke ngisho isaziso. Akanawo isimo sezwe njengoba izimoto zilandelwa, kodwa empini emhlabathini olelezekileyo lubaluleke. ukunyakaza Rapid amabutho kuzodala bokuphakama zezinombolo kanye firepower kuze kube seqophelweni oyifunayo. Shut ondingasithembeni futhi izingxenye ezithile zedolobha, ukuwela umfula, ngawakhamela isibhamu ayebulawe elihamba - BTR-80 yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi enjalo.

izinguquko Technical e injini

Eminyakeni engu-80 ye-Gorky Automobile Plant Abaklami abangu wajuba ukudala i armored izisebenzi yenethiwekhi, esinciphisa nemiphumela ethile engathandeki we BTR-70. BTR-80 ama-apharathasi, ihluke kakhulu endleleni esasisandulele. Kwasekuqaleni, izinjini esikhundleni ezimbili uphethiloli enikeziwe yimoto udizili KamAz - 4-stroke 8 cylinder udizili kanye nokupholisa ketshezi. injini okunjalo mancane amathuba okuthi qhumisa, futhi enkulu yayo amaphesenti umthamo 30 kuka ivolumu esasisandulele. Kufakiwe a turbocharger ukwandisa amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, i-BTR-80 has a 260 amahhashi, zero kuya ku-100 km / h. Kuyinto ezimweni ezinhle. Emgwaqeni omkhulu - 80 km / h, emgwaqeni owubhuqu - kusuka 20 kuya 40 km / h. Kwangathi ukuphoqelela isithiyo amanzi 9 km / h.

Ukusebenzisa injini ngingashadile okwesikhathi izinguquko ungenisa nezinye. I mechanical amandla ukudluliswa ngokusebenzisa ngomshikisho ezomile ezimbili-bamba ukudluliswa drive wokubacindezela ingena gearbox 5-tistupenchatuyu. Zonke kodwa ukudluliswa lokuqala, ifakwe synchronizers.

permeability Ukwandiswa ngokusebenzisa Ilokhi umehluko

Ukwahlukaniswa BTR-80 ithuthukisiwe kuqhathaniswa BTR-70. Kusukela gearbox idluliselwa kuya ezimbili isigaba izabelo ibhokisi. ukusatshalaliswa Ukwahlukaniswa kwakheka ukusakaza ezimbili ngowokuqala lesithathu nelesibili ukuba amabhuloho wesine BTR-80. Ukukhiya lo umehluko isikhungo uphoqelekile, esebenza ezimweni indlela enzima. Kulokhu, a igiya ukunciphisa futhi umehluko Ilokhi kwenzeka kuphela ngaphambili oluvala amasondo. Ukuze kwandiswe ngokuphila service futhi ukugwema umonakalo ngenxa sindisa ukudluliswa icala bamba inikezwa, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo torque engu mkhawulo.

Aphikelele BTR-80

Armored amathayi inhlamvu has a ingcindezi ezilawulwayo. Phela, kuncike ukuhamba, njengoba empini bayophila le ndlela. APC kudivayisi 80 kangangokuthi ukwehluleka amasondo elilodwa noma amabili ngeke ayeke. izici Technical ngisho anti-tank okwami yokuthi amandla kuqhuma ubuhlungu isondo elilodwa kuphela, anti-armored izisebenzi othwala imodeli ungalilahli esabekayo.

Kuyisifiso ngempela kuyaqondakala ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa izisebenzi, kodwa mkhulu kakhulu yezembatho zethu, imishini esindayo kanye kancane ihamba. Incazelo BTR-80 ikuvumela ukuba uthole kuwo izici BTR-70, umehluko ukubonakala encane, ikakhulukazi silandelwe kwezobuchwepheshe ezempi. Emzimbeni BTR-80 kuyinto esidenyana futhi ingasebenza ngcono zempi. Ngisho kuleli cala, isisindo liye landa ngamaphesenti angu-18 - kufike ku 13600 kg. Ngenxa yezinguquko injini hodovke ukuhamba isalokhu injalo. Cruising ngokusebenzisa injini diesel liye landa km 600 emgwaqeni omkhulu.

Ukwandiswa firepower ngezithukuthuku imishini nezisebenzi. Rifle nezimbobo emaceleni sikebhe ajutshelwa maphambili Nenkabazwe, futhi uvele maphutha evumela nomlilo umkhuzi webutho.

Movement of amanzi

imoto ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni kungenziwa kalula zihlukaniswa Zadran ekhaleni - ezifana ukuthi we BTR-80. Isithombe ngenhla kubonisa inqubo kokwehla kusukela umkhumbi. Ngemuva ezintantayo imoto yesibili, futhi owokuqala kakade liye landa ogwini. Ukusebenza kwe-BTR-80 lapho ewela amanzi ingozi elula. futha amanzi jet nge ngokufanele aft Axial inikezwe isakhiwo. isilawuli Traffic phezu ngamanzi esebenzisa ayo. Ngaphezu enama-asi amabili phambi ukuthi ukuhamba emhlabathini, phezu kwamanzi ekusizeni ukuze ujike amasondo amanzi ichopho. Armored izisebenzi yenethiwekhi - umshini sinzima, futhi akukho emandleni ayo lapha Akenzanga.

Ekuqaleni, BTR-80 wayezelwe ngaphandle jet, kodwa umyalo Navy ezidingekayo umshini okwazi parachute emikhunjini bese ingashintshwa ukuze izidingo we Marine Corps. Division-Marine - kusukela amasosha lokushaya ukuba umyalo zokuxhumana - konke ahlale phezu BTR-80.

Isisetshenziswa BTR-80

Imininingwane BTR-70 adingekayo ukuze sandise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezimpi zanamuhla. Ngo BTR-80 wamiswa umbhoshongo ukufakwa isibhamu BFU-1, lapho mpo isiqondiso engela degrees 60. Oluhambisana emehlweni optical 1PZ-2, kuvumela anti-aircraft umlilo. Njengoba ninja yala mafilimu, le BTR-80 Ungadala smokescreen nesikhumba: efakwe ophahleni lwendlu uhlelo 902V, okuyinto amabhomu ayisithupha rocket ezinezinjini.

Ekuqaleni, i armored izisebenzi yenethiwekhi, like esasisandulele, kwaba KPVT ahlomile, abhanqiwe nge FCT.

Phakathi ukudalwa yaleli su-Afghanistan kwamhlaba phansi esiyinhloko isicelo Nokho, abaklami baye zinakekelwe ngokuziphatha impi, futhi sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezibandayo e. At lokushisa -5 ukuba ^-25 ° C inikezwa prestart progrevatel ahlelwe isimiso kagesi-idivayisi. Lapho injini iyazifudumeza ilangabi ezakhiwe omlilo of injini diesel, okuyinto iphakamisa izinga lokushisa.

Ekuqaleni kwadingeka umsakazo APC R-123 uye sithathelwe indawo nezintsha kahle P-163-50U.

BTR-80 isibhamu othomathikhi

Ngo-1994 bamukela ukuguqulwa BTR-80A wakhululwa. Umshini i kokwehla yaqale ifakwe 30-mm 2A72 inganono othomathikhi, izinhlamvu amagobolondo 300. isibhamu okunjalo isetshenziswa ku ukulwa izimoto elihamba nokushaya, kanye ezinophephela emhlane Ka-50, Ka-52 futhi Mi-28. Tank zempi 120 mm bhoboza yonke projectiles ayisishiyagalombili kusukela izibhamu enjalo BTR-80.

izici Kobuchwepheshe kwemibhoshongo entsha avumele ukuba hit okuhloswe okukhulu kokuphakama engela - kuze kube degrees 70. Shot ububanzi - kufike ku-4 km. Nge isibhamu abhanqiwe zonke okufanayo PKT 7,62 nge imizuliswano 2,000. Zonke izikhali zitholakala ngaphandle kwelinye lamagumbi bavimba ukuthi akukho amagesi powder yokuphila ezindaweni eziphakathi nezwe yamagceke. Ukuze kokudubula ebusuku igibele ebusuku emehlweni TPN-3-42 "Crystal", uhla umlilo okuhloswe ukusetshenziswa yayo - kuze kufinyelele 900.

Okunye ukulungiswa we BTR-80

Izici armored uvumele ngcono yayo okunye. Ukuze amabutho yangaphakathi lwenzelwe BTR-80s, kokuba esikhundleni okuzenzakalelayo isibhamu KPVT 14.5 mm. Esikhathini izithombe izingxenyana osnaz njalo kuvezwa le ndlela.

BTR-80M yasungulwa ngemuva ngenhlamvu Gorky Automobile Plant. Akekho Kulindeleke ukuthi ukwakhiwa kanye nemishini liyobuyiselwa e esingaphansi konyaka, ngakho sebenzisa buthaka YaMZ-238, kodwa amathayi CI-128 livikela kakhulu umonakalo.

Ukuze ensimini umyalo okuthunyelwe, ukuhlukahluka eziningana umyalo nabasebenzi izimoto eziye zasungulwa, ezifana BTR-80K ifakwe i idivayisi eyengeziwe zokuxhumana. Machines tiphindze letisungulelwe kuphatfwa wezikhali nokuxhumana, esikhundleni sokuba antenna izingalo ezinkulu. Kukhona ngisho howitzer self ezinezinjini ngesibhamu 120 mm.

Okunqwabelanayo anti-tank ezicitshwayo - isishayo for izimoto zempi. Ngenxa yalokho, izimoto armored aseqalile ukuhlomisa anezikhala zesikrini, nakho ukuvikela ephezulu osezingeni amachashazi. Kukhona okwenzeka ukufakwa alufakwa zempi esisheshayo phezu BTR-80, kanye chassis ayaqala ukuba amboze isihenqo T-72.

Ukulungiswa kuya BTR-80 amazwe.