Amagama abangcwele Russian. Kosanta Russian

Bungcwele - kuba msulwa inhliziyo, abafuna amandla ongadalwanga saphezulu esiboniswe izipho zikaMoya oNgcwele njengoba iqoqo imisebe amaKhaladi bohlu welanga. zizincishe injabulo abangcwele Angumxhumanisi phakathi nezwe lasemhlabeni umbuso wasezulwini. Benamandla ukukhanya umusa waphezulu,, ngokusebenzisa nokucabanga kukaNkulunkulu futhi abahlanganyela ne Nkulunkulu, ukwazi izimfihlakalo ephakeme ezingokomoya. Ngo ukuphila kwasemhlabeni ongcwele, ukwenza izenzo ezibabazekayo kutihluphekisa ngenxa yeNkosi, ukwamukela umusa ephakeme wezambulo zaphezulu. Ngokusho imfundiso waseBhayibhelini, nobungcwele - into efana bomuntu noNkulunkulu, ngubani olulodwa ukuphila yenethiwekhi ephelele futhi umthombo layo eliyingqayizivele.

Uyini nokunxusa

Isonto inqubo chargeability yolungileyo kwabangcwele libizwa nokunxusa. It ekhuthaza esikholwa ukufunda saint neyaziwayo ekukhulekeleni kwasobala. Njengomthetho, isonto ehlonipha ekulandulayo ukuqashelwa wenkazimulo kazwelonke nodumo, kodwa isenzo nokunxusa avunyelwe ukukhazimulisa ukudalwa ezingcwele imifanekiso, ngokubhala Izimpilo, iyiqoqo imithandazo zesonto. Isizathu sokuba nokunxusa olusemthethweni ingavuthi ngesenzo ulungile, wadala izenzo zabo Amazing, ukuphila kwakhe noma ukholo. Futhi ngemva kokushona komuntu kungenziwa abhekwe njengosanta ngoba zingcwele wakhe ongapheliyo, noma okusuka izinsalela izimangaliso zakhe zokuphulukisa.

Esimweni lapho saint lihlonishwa phakathi kwethempeli efanayo, idolobha noma Isigodlo, uthi Diocesan, nokunxusa wendawo.

Sivuma isonto elisemthethweni kanye ukuba khona kwezimangaliso engaziwa abangcwele isiqinisekiso ukuzishaya okuyinto ayikaziwa ukuba lonke ibandla lobuKristu. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-ohlonishwayo ongasekho ngakhethi ubakhonze ukuba inkonzo yesikhumbuzo, kuyilapho abagcotshwa abangcwele molebens.

Yingakho amagama abangcwele isiRashiya, ubani hlonipho kwelinye bhishobhi, ingase ibe khona ehlukile futhi akwaziwa besonto edolobheni.

Ngubani abagcotshwa eRussia

Ukuhlupheka Russia ikhiqize ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ukholo felukholo. Zonke amagama abantu ezweni Russian yabangcwele ababekwa abagcotshwa, afakiwe nase-bekhalenda, noma mesyatseslov. Classing ilungelo ngokusemthethweni njengomuntu olungile nje ekuqaleni possessed Kiev, futhi kamuva eMoscow, wedolobha. I nokunxusa lokuqala kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe lokumbiwa izinsalela abalungile anenzele isimangaliso nabo. Emakhulwini eminyaka 11-16 Kwatholakala izikhulu yokungcwaba Boris futhi Gleb, Princess Olga, Feodosiya Pecherskogo.

Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-16, lapho Metropolitan Macarius, ilungelo canonize abangcwele wadlulela umkhandlu wesonto e-Primate. igunya okungahloliwe yayikhona eRussia ngaleso sikhathi iminyaka 600 esonto Orthodox, kuqinisekiswa abangcwele eziningi Russian. Uhlu lwamagama yolungileyo okhazinyulisiwe lombhishobhi Makarii yagcwala phezulu efaka i 39 AmaKristu zenzisa ongcwele.

WaseByzantium umthetho nokunxusa

Ekhulwini le-17 Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia wanqotshwa ithonya imithetho lasendulo WaseByzantium ka nokunxusa. Phakathi nale nkathi, abagcotshwa, ikakhulukazi abapristi, ngoba waba isonto san. Futhi chargeability hola zevangeli abathwele ukholo, futhi uhlobanisa ukwakhiwa kwamasonto amasha nezinhlangano zezindela. Futhi isidingo ukudalwa izimangaliso ilahlekelwe ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Ngakho kwathiwa abagcotshwa abangcwele 150, ngokuyinhloko abavela phakathi izindela nabefundisi okusezingeni eliphezulu Nesonto Ikhalenda amagama omusha ujoyine Russian abangcwele Orthodox.

Mandle yisonto

Emakhulwini eminyaka 18-19 kwadingeka kuphela ilungelo canonize isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto. Le nkathi libhekene ukwehla umsebenzi iSonto buthakathaka umthelela wabo izinqubo nomphakathi. Ngaphambi ukugibela esihlalweni sobukhosi uNicholas II senzeka ezine nokunxusa kuphela. Phakathi nokubusa amafishane Romanovs abangcwele ziye zibalwa amaKristu eziyisikhombisa, futhi ikhalenda Ungeze amagama amasha yabangcwele Russian.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwenziwa iminikelo amakhalenda abangcwele endaweni waqaphela futhi isiRashiya, uhlu lwamagama zazo kwahambisana by uhlu wamuka amaKristu obu-Orthodox, okungekhona enkonzweni yesikhumbuzo ezazenzeka.

nokunxusa Zanamuhla

Kusukela kwesikhathi wanamuhla umlando canonizations, olwenziwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia angabhekwa owawuse-1917-18 UMkhandlu weNdawo, ababekwa abagcotshwa abangcwele emhlabeni liyahlonishwa abangcwele Russian Sophrony uJosefa we-Irkutsk Astrakhan. Khona-ke, ngo-1970, waba abagcotshwa ezintathu umfundisi - German Alyaskinsky, Japan, u-Archbishop Metropolitan eMoscow Kolomna Innocent.

Ngonyaka we Eyinkulungwane ubuKristu Russia lidlule nokunxusa entsha, okuyinto zaqashelwa njengoba Xenia abangcwele Petersburg, Dmitry Donskoy nezinye, kancane owaziwa, Russian abangcwele Orthodox.

"Njengoba ukholo 'Ngo-2000 weminyaka engu UMkhandlu WabaBhishobhi, eyayibonakala abagcotshwa Tsar uNicholas II no-asebukhosini we Romanovs.

nokunxusa Okokuqala Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia

Amagama abangcwele wokuqala Russian ababekwa abagcotshwa Metropolitan John ngekhulu le-11., Saba iwuphawu ukholo lweqiniso, abantu abasanda kubhapathizwa, ukwamukelwa ngokugcwele kwezinkambiso Orthodox. Izikhulu Boris futhi Gleb, abantwana bakwa-Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavicha, emva nokunxusa babe abavikeli lokuqala wasezulwini wamaKristu Russian. Boris futhi Gleb babulawa umfowabo emzabalazweni internecine isihlalo sobukhosi eKiev ngo 1015. Siyazazi umzamo kwakuhleliwe, ukuthobeka kobuKristu bamukela ukufa ngenxa autocracy nabantu balo babe nokuthula kwengqondo.

nokudunyiswa Nezikhulu kwakungandile uhlamvu mass phambi ukuqashelwa ubungcwele babo yisonto olusemthethweni. Ngemva nokunxusa emandleni abazalwane atholakele incorrupt futhi abantu Russian lasendulo ephulukisa izimangaliso. Futhi inyuka esihlalweni sobukhosi ababusi abasha wenza pilgrimage ukuthi izinsalela ongcwele beyofuna isibusiso kokubusa okulungile, nosizo migilingwane izikhali. Day of Remembrance Osanta Boris futhi Gleb kugujwa July 24.

Kumiswa ubuzalwane ongcwele Russian

Ulandela ngemva Boris futhi Gleb njengoba saint ukuthi abagcotshwa uTheodosius Pechersky. Eyesibili nokunxusa onesizotha, aphethwe isonto Russian senzeka ngo 1108. UTheodosius kubhekwe uyise ka monasticism Russian kanye umsunguli, kanye umeluleki wakhe u-Anthony, Kiev-Pechersk Monastery. Mfundisi mfundi wabonisa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokulalela Izigodlo - omunye ukuzila ezinzima, renunciation yazo zonke izinto zomhlaba, kanye nezinye - ukuthobeka futhi lokusungula ngenxa yenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu.

Ngo emihumeni Kiev-Pechersk Isigodlo, ebizwa amagama abasunguli, izinsalela of 118 izimfundamakhwela ziyaye we Isigodlo, abaphila ngaphambi nangemva ijoka Tatar-amaMongol. Abagcotshwa kubo bonke 1643, lafinyelela inkonzo inani, futhi 1762 amagama abangcwele Russian zalotshwa ikhalenda.

UMfundisi u-Abrahama Smolensky

Mayelana ngakhethi zangaphambi Mongol isikhathi, kuncane kakhulu ezaziwayo. Avraamiy Smolensky, omunye abangcwele ezimbalwa ngaleso sikhathi, okuyinto ngasinda biography enemininingwane, ihlanganiswe ngu umfundi wakhe. Abrahama eside ohlonishwayo ezweni lakubo ngaphambi nokunxusa Makarii lombhishobhi lakhe 1549. Isabalalisa abaswele yonke impahla yakhe kwesokunxele ngemva kokufa lomkhaya ocebile, ingane nantathu weNkosi vyproshenny indodana ngemva namadodakazi nambili kuphela, U-Abrahama wayehlala ubumpofu, ethandazela insindiso ngesikhathi Lokwahlulela Zokugcina. Agundwe indela, yena waba yokukopisha izincwadi bezenkolo ngesineke. UMfundisi u-Abrahama udumo kulondolozwa Smolensk kusukela lokoma.

Amagama edume kunazo abangcwele ezweni Russian

Esikhathini umoya ofanayo ne Boris elisanda kushiwo, Gleb, uphawu eziyingqayizivele Russian-Orthodox, azikho amagama ezingabalulekile kangako yabangcwele isiRashiya, waba ngumsizi wabaningi bonke abantu ngokusebenzisa igalelo lalo iqhaza zeSonto empilweni yomphakathi.

Ngemva kokukhululwa kusukela Mongol ithonya monasticism Russian wabona injongo ukukhanyiselwa yezizwe ezingamaqaba, kanye nokwakhiwa ezigodlweni entsha namathempeli kuleli lingenamuntu uthi esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga. I ovelele kakhulu ukunyakaza kwaba St Sergiy Radonezhsky. Ukuze bogoposlushnogo iseli yobumfihlo wakha egqumeni Makovec, lapho kamuva eyakhelwe-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra. Kancane kancane, uSergei waqala xhumelela the ngakhethi, liphefumulelwe izimfundiso zakhe, okwaholela ekusungulweni cloister lezindela, ophilayo izithelo izandla zabo siqu, hhayi ukwabelwa izipho kwabangenayo ethembekileyo. USergiyu yena usebenze engadini, isibonelo uthengisa kwabanye abantu. Abafunda Sergiya Radonezhskogo Yakhiwa 40 zezindela kulo lonke elaseRussia.

St Sergiy Radonezhsky lidlulisela umqondo wokuthi ukuthobeka kukaNkulunkulu hhayi kuphela abantu abavamile kodwa futhi iqembu elibusayo. Njengoba isazi sezombusazwe okunekhono, Waba nesandla ubunye principalities isiRashiya, ababusi isidingo ukukholisa amakhosi Ukubumbana nezwe disparate.

Dmitry Donskoy

nokudunyiswa Olukhulu Sergiy Radonezhsky sijatshulelwe ngesikhathi isikhulu Russian abagcotshwa, Dmitriya Ivanovicha Donskogo. It uSergiyu wabusisa ibutho izakhi by the eyayisekhanda lami ku Dmitriem Donskim Kulikov impi, kodwa uNkulunkulu ukuba amsekele wayethumele ezimbili izimfundamakhwela ziyaye yakhe.

Ukuba Duke ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni, ezindabeni isimo, Dmitry ukulalela amathiphu Metropolitan Alexy, umoya wokushisekela ngase ubunye principalities Russian azungeze eMoscow. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi, lokhu kwathatha indawo ngokuthula. Lapho amandla, futhi lapho ukushada (e Suzdal Princess) uDmitry Ivanovich Joyina izwe elizungezile eMoscow, lapho wakha ezibiyele kuqala.

It Dmitry Donskoy kwaba umsunguli wenhlangano yezombusazwe, sihlose ubunye principalities Russian azungeze eMoscow ukwakha umbuso onamandla nge zezombusazwe (kusukela khans iGolden zidlamlilo) yokungakholelwa (esontweni WaseByzantium) ukuzimela. Ngo-2002, ikhumbule Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy futhi ehlonipha uSergiyu ka Radonezh esungulwe Order "Ukuze Izikhungo kuya wobaba", kugcizelela ngokugcwele yomthelela we lezi emlandweni kwetinhlavu wekuba sive Russian ukujula. La madoda Russian ongcwele Radel inhlalakahle, ukuzimela futhi ukuthula isizwe sakhe esikhulu.

Ubuso (amamaki) abangcwele Russian

Bonke abangcwele zeSonto jikelele ifingqwe abahlabeleli eziyisishiyagalolunye noma kwababusi abaprofethi, abapostoli, santa, 'ukholo, umfel' ukholo Martyr, izono, esingenandaba, futhi iziwula elibusisekile.

Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia abelana ubuso ezahlukene abangcwele ku. amadoda Russian ongcwele, ngenxa yezimo zomlando, zihlukaniswe ezinhlwini ezilandelayo:

Izikhulu. Osanta lokuqala ngakhethi obonwa isonto Russian baba izikhulu Boris futhi Gleb. feat wayo kwakuwukuba namabhomu imihlatshelo igama abantu Russian nokuthula kwengqondo. Lokhu ukuziphatha isibe yisibonelo kubo bonke ababusi nesikhathi Yaroslava Mudrogo, iqiniso lapho wayebhekwa ukuthi amandla, egameni okuyinto isikhulu umhlatshelo. Ahlukana isikhundla kwi Zabaphostoli (disseminators ubuKristu - Princess Olga, umzukulu wakhe uVladimir, labo ababebhapathizwa Russia), izindela (izikhulu, agundwe indela) kanye Passion (izisulu yezimpi zombango, kubulawa ukubulala ngenxa yokholo lwabo).

I Izindela. Okuthiwa osanta abakhethe phakathi kokuphila kokulalela Izigodlo (Antony futhi uTheodosius Pechersky, Sergiy Radonezhsky, Iosif Volotsky, Serafim Sarovsky).

Saints - abangcwele, ukuba babe nesiko isonto, isekela ukuvikela kwakhe ubumsulwa ngenkonzo ukusakaza emfundisweni yobuKristu, emagcekeni ethempeli (Nifont Novgorodsky, Stefan Permsky).

Bayiziwula (Blissful) - abangcwele, ezigugile phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ukubukeka ubuhlanya, silahle ukubaluleka zezwe. isikhundla esikhulu kakhulu yabangcwele isiRashiya, agcwaliswa, ikakhulukazi izindela, kubhekwe enganele ukulalela Izigodlo. Zayishiya Isigodlo, kokushiya lezi zidwedwe ezitaladini amadolobha nokuhlupheka ukuswela (Vasiliy Blazhenny, St-Isaka 'idla yodwa, oSimeyoni yasePalestina, Xenia ka Petersburg).

kubantukazana oNgcwele nomfazi. Lokhu emkhubeni esihlanganisa neyaziwayo ubulele Ingane oNgcwele, sazilahla ingcebo abantu abavamile, abalungileyo, zazihlukile uthando olungenamkhawulo abantu (Yulianiya Lazarevskaya, Artemy Verkola).

Kosanta Russian

Ukuphila of the Saints - umsebenzi wokubhala, ehlanganisa ukwaziswa okungokomlando, oluchaza futhi siqu kwabalungileyo, ibandla abagcotshwa. Ukuphila omunye omdala tetemibhalo. Kuye nesikhathi sokulotshwa futhi zezwe, lezi azibhala zadalwa ngesimo Umlandvomphilo, ENCOM (yokuvalelisa), Martyrius (ubufakazi), Patericon. Isitayela yokubhala izimpilo WaseByzantium, amaRoma kanye Western zenkolo namasiko ngokuphongoza. Emuva e-4th isonto leminyaka waqala Saints kanye Umlandvomphilo zabo kule vaults, okuyinto babenombono ikhalenda ne usuku lokukhumbula the zenzisa yokuhlanganisa.

ERussia, ukuphila kuvele kanye ukwamukelwa of Christianity kusukela eByzantium ukuba izinguqulo Bulgarian nesiSerbia zenziwe amaqoqo ukufunda izinyanga - futhi amakhalenda Saints Ukuphila.

Kakade ngekhulu le-11 kukhona biography laudatory wezikhulu Boris futhi Gleb, lapho i umbhali akaziwa we Life - Russian. Amagama abangcwele obonwa Isonto futhi eyandisa amakhalenda. Ekhulwini le-12 nele-13, kanye isifiso Izigodlo ukukhanyisela enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia, futhi inani elikhulayo imisebenzi oluchaza. abalobi Russian ufundile ngesikhathi Nowaphezulu, impilo yabangcwele Russian. Manje amagama, uhlu okuyinto ubelokhu eqashelwa esontweni ukukhazimulisa, usuthole emlandweni, nezenzo ongcwele nezimangaliso ziye ilungiswe lesikhumbuzo etemibhalo.

Ngekhulu le-15 kwaba noshintsho of isitayela lokubhala Ukuphila. Ukunakwa main sakhokhwa abalobi akuzona idatha langempela, futhi onekhono Inkulumo kwezobuciko, ubuhle ulimi tetemibhalo, kanye nekhono sithathe ukuqhathanisa abaningi umxhwele. Waziwa nababhali okunekhono kwesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Epiphanius Ohlakaniphile, owabhala izimpilo acacile yabangcwele Russian abamagama abadumile esengeziwe bonke abantu - Stefano Perm futhi Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Ukuphila kwabantu abaningi abhekwa umthombo ulwazi mayelana nezenzakalo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Imilando ka Aleksandra Nevskogo, ungafunda mayelana nobudlelwane zezombusazwe kanye zidlamlilo. Izimpilo Boris futhi Gleb zisitshele feuds kwesikhulu phambi ubunye Russia. Ukudala imisebenzi etemibhalo oluchaza yesonto kakhulu ukuthi yini amagama abangcwele isiRashiya, izenzo zabo futhi izimfanelo kuzoba eyaziwa kakhulu phakathi abathembekile.