Amangqamuzana abomvu igazi: kwenqatshwa evamile futhi kungenzeka

Igazi, kanye nanoma yikuphi izicubu akhiwa amangqamuzana futhi ukufeza umzimba wabo lomcebo intercellular. Isilinganiso wabo ukuthi njenge-izakhi slurry kwakhiwa (amaseli) e naphakathi ketshezi.

kwamangqamuzana nokwakheka kwamanye ingaphazamiseki kwenzeka umnkantsha amahlumela obomvu nomhlophe, bese sinusoids amaningi bangena egazini, lapho imisebenzi yabo ekhethekile kakhulu. Kodwa kungakenzeki lokho, bona ibhekane kwamangqamuzana multi-esiteji wenani sikakhokho amaseli pluripotent stem cells ukuvuthwa amaseli: leukopenia, platelet ne abomvu egazi, izinga kula maseli angase ehla enyuka Ngenxa yokuthi wabona ukuthi isinxephezelo noma egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Owokugcina lezi zokuthutha eyinhloko oksijini, kuyilapho kusele igazi emhlophe (leucocytes, siqukethe 5 amamaki) nesitsha amaseli (izinhlayiya zegazi) eyenziwa enezici ukusabela ukuzivikela. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-lymphocyte ukunikeza amasosha omzimba, ama-neutrophil nama monocytes - phagocytosis futhi proteolysis, futhi bazo- eizonofily - the uketshezi izinto eziphila abakhuthele: histamine, thromboxanes, prostaglandins futhi leukotrienes, PAF, sandla vasoconstriction futhi ukusebenza kwamanye amangqamuzana. Ama-platelet I akha inhlobo "ipulaki" uma umonakalo odongeni semithambo.

kwamangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe, ngesilinganiso: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi baphakathi amaseli ezikhethekile kakhulu kakhulu. izingane zabo zibizwa ngokuthi kokumethemba reticulocytes ngesikhatsi nokuvuthwa amaseli wabo kancane kancane balahlekelwa ikhenela futhi eshintsha ngayo-hemoglobin - amaprotheni quaternary isakhiwo olukwazi ukwakha uxhumano ababuthakathaka umoya-mpilo, kulula ukuba ubambe e capillary yamaphaphu, futhi kulula ukunikeza emisipheni. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngokuvamile ube ukuma biconcave, ngoba inikeza eziningi eziwusizo ngokwandisa indawo ephindwe ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi umoya-mpilo owengeziwe futhi uvumela "ukuma" lapho sidlula izitsha kunazo zonke-sinamabandla osezingeni we microvasculature. Ngoba amadoda ukusebenzisa amandla ngaphezulu okuyenza oksijini, okuhlushwa okukhulu egazini labo futhi amaseli abomvu.

Sivamile kwabesifazane 3.9 - 4.7 * 10 ^ 12 / L ezingabantu, izinga esifanayo 4.0-5.0 x 10 12 / L. Sichaza nokuthi amazinga androgen ephakeme, kunomphumela Ugqozi ku erythropoiesis. Enye ingxenye ebalulekile Kla kuyinto elithwala umoya-mpilo ngoba lokuhlushwa aphansi ngayinye umthamo iyunithi igazi kuphakama sokugembula isimo "anaemia", ephelezelwa hypoxia futhi ischemia izitho ezikhulayo. inkomba Umbala libonisa kangakanani-hemoglobin ayegcwele amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Kuyinsakavukela lokhu Inkomba ilingana amayunithi 0.8-1.05, futhi uma uwela, ungakwazi ukukhuluma anaemia hypochromic. Futhi anaemia kungenzeka normochromic njengakulolu hemolysis ephakeme lapho imbubhiso sithuthukiswe emisipheni babhekana ncamashi erythrocyte, ngesilinganiso okusekelwa kokusele zamagama abo yemali, ukubhujiswa zenzeka sesibindi ubende emva kwezinsuku 90-110. anaemia Hyperchromic nasemkhakheni okuthiwa anaemia megaloblastic, abasafufusa kanye nokuntuleka vitamin B12 noma folate-H4, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu erythropoiesis.