Amaphasiwedi Sniffer, inethiwekhi. Sniffer - kuyini?

Abantu abaningi abasebenzisa i-computer izinhlelo zizwile into efana "sniffer". Nokho, kuyini, ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi akubona bonke ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla kungenzeka ukwaba umbuthano elinganiselwe kakhulu abantu abazi kanjani futhi kuphi ukusebenzisa isimiso esinjalo futhi 'nensimbi' imishini. Ake sizame sokulungisa lokho yilokho.

Sniffer: kuyini?

Ake uqale nge kwencazelo eside. Ukuze siqonde okushiwo ndaba, kufanele kube lula ukuqala ukuhumusha igama elithi "sniffer". Kuyini lokhu? I kuhunyushwa igama negama kula IsiZulu imiqondo sniffer kuyinto "Sniffer".

Kalula nje, yingoba uhlelo noma imishini uyakwazi esekelwe traffic ukuhlaziywa ngesimo amaphakethe ngocansi noma idatha wathola kunethiwekhi ukubuyisa ulwazi oludingayo, ngabe kungcono inethiwekhi yangaphandle IP amakheli, amaphasiwedi ebethelwe noma idatha yakho eyimfihlo. Ngokwabo sniffers ingasetshenziswa ukulimaza kanye inzuzo.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu sniffers

Ngokuqondene izinhlobo eyinhloko sniffers, kungase kungabi abantu isofthiwe efakwe kwi-computer, noma eyenziwe ngesimo applet inthanethi.

Izikhathi eziningi ungayithola sniffers ngesimo 'nensimbi' ka imishini noma izingxenye ezihambisana nesofthiwe, futhi ibe nezimpawu ezithile ezibonakalayo. Ngakho, i-main ngezigaba sniffers zihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• isofthiwe;
• hardware;
• firmware;
• izingxenye inthanethi.

Lapho ngezigaba eyinhloko bungabonakala Uhlaziyo luqhubeka nokuhlukaniswa isiqondiso. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinhlobo ezivamile ezifana amaphasiwedi sniffer, umsebenzi kabani main kukhishwe kusukela amakhodi amaphakethe idatha evulekile noma ngekhodi ukufinyelela yiluphi ulwazi. Kube sniffers ezihilela nje ngokwenza indlela yokubala ye lingasetshenziswa esigungwini IP amakheli ethile ukuze ukufinyelela kukhompyutha umsebenzisi futhi agcinwe ulwazi yayo.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ubuchwepheshe nciphisa kwenethiwekhi kusebenza kuphela kumanethiwekhi esekelwe yezifiso TCP / IP bese lwenteke uxhumano nge inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet amakhadi. Amanethiwekhi anganantambo kungabuye ihlaziye, ekuqaleni kunjalo ngoba isimiso esinjalo kukhona yezintambo uxhumano (le router, umuphi a laptop noma ideskithophu PC).

ukudluliswa kwedatha ku inethiwekhi iyunithi ebalulekile, futhi nge division yayo ku amaphakethe futhi izingxenye standard, okuyinto, lapho ithola ohlangothini eyamukelayo ehlangana ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa. Uhlelo-sniffer iyakwazi ukulandelela zonke iziteshi ukudluliswa okungenzeka ingxenye ngayinye, futhi ngesikhathi sokudlulisa (ukudlulisa) amaphakethe olungavikelekile kumadivayisi ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi (imizila, Izikhumulo, ukushintshwa, amakhompyutha noma amadivayisi mobile) ekhiqizwa akhiphe imininingwane lefanele, engase iqukathe amaphasiwedi efanayo. Ngakho, breaking iphasiwedi iba Indlela evamile, ikakhulukazi uma lungabhalwanga.

Kodwa ngisho nalapho esebenzisa eziphambili iphasiwedi ukubethela ubuchwepheshe, ke angadluliselwa kanye ukhiye okuhambisanayo. Uma luvuliwe ukhiye ukuze uthole iphasiwedi elula. Uma ukhiye ibethelwe, umhlaseli kalula ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi isofthiwe-isiqophi semithombo okwagcina nakho kungaholela ngokuhlaziya idatha.

Lapho ukusebenzisa sniffer inethiwekhi?

Field yokusetshenziswa sniffers kuyinto ngempela ehlukile. Angicabangi ukuthi iyiphi sniffer elula ngesiRashiya uyindlela kuphela kubaduni uzama ukwenza ukuphazamiseka okungagunyaziwe ku kwenethiwekhi ukuze uthole nye thuthukile niningwane.

Nge alinganayo impumelelo sniffers ingasetshenziswa ngabahlinzeki ukuthi zisekelwe ukuhlaziywa kwabo idatha eningi ekhiqizwa abasebenzisi bayo, ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha. Nakuba imishini enjalo futhi izicelo okukhulunywe antisnifferami, eqinisweni kuba sniffers abavamile kakhulu bathanda ukusebenza kolunye uhlangothi.

Yiqiniso, abasebenzisi yezenzo ezinjalo nge akekho azisa umhlinzeki, futhi angaqondakali kule. umsebenzisi Private akunakwenzeka ukuba bakwazi ngokuzimela ukuthatha noma yisiphi zokumelana. Futhi ngokuvamile umhlinzeki ukuhlaziywa traffic kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kungaba ukuvimbela imizamo aphazamise umsebenzi amanethiwekhi zangaphandle, ehlaziya ukufinyelela adlulisa amaphakethe, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kubo okungenani ngesisekelo the okuphathelene nomngcele efanayo IP amakheli, uzama ukubamba kumasegmenti ngocansi. Kodwa lesi isibonelo silula, ngoba bonke ubuchwepheshe ithi ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana.

Icacisa khona sniffer

Nakuba kokushiya eceleni into efana "sniffer". Ukuthi kuyini, kuyinto ecacile kancane manje ukubona ku kungashiwo ngaziphi izizathu ichaze "wiretap" sniffer ngumnikazi.

Uma uhlelo lwekhompyutha Kulungile, kanye inethiwekhi noma i-Internet kuhamba ngemfanelo, kuqubuka kokungenela ngaphandle ukunciphisa izinga iphakethe, uma kuqhathaniswa ukuthi esashiwo-ISP. In izinhlelo Windows-based ngasebhaneleni kusho ukunquma ijubane umsebenzisi isilinganiso ngeke ngisho nalapho inethiwekhi isimo imenyu ucingo ngokuchofoza isithonjana ukuxhuma. Lapha ucacise kuphela inani amaphakethe athunyelwe futhi wathola.

Ngokufanayo, ukusebenza kule "umphathi wokusebenza" isibonisi ulwazi olufunayo ngokugcwele, ukuze ijubane ukunciphisa efanayo kungahlanganiswa ukulinganiselwa umthombo elidingekayo kwenziwe. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile, analyzers, okuyinto, by the way, kanye nomsebenzi isimiso sniffer. Into kuphela udinga ukukhokha ukunakwa, lokhu kuphela yokuthi lolu hlobo lohlelo ngemuva kokufakwa kungabangela amaphutha ezenzeka ngenxa liphambana zokuvikela (firewall esakhelwe Windows noma third-party software kanye hardware 'nensimbi' uhlobo). Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi izihlungi ukuhlaziywa, kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhubaza.

isiphetho

Lapha, empeleni, futhi konke ukwenzani into efana "sniffer". Kuyini ngokuya amathuluzi noma ukuvikelwa nokugenca, isimiso, kufanele ngabe sekucacile. It uhlala ukuze ungeze amazwi ambalwa mayelana applets inthanethi. Bamane anesizotha esetshenziswa kubaduni ukuthola IP-ikheli isisulu futhi abakwazi ukufinyelela ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi ezifana inthanethi-sniffer enza umsebenzi wawo oqondile, IP-ikheli umhlaseli futhi washintsha. Kule ndaba, kulezi applets athé olufana engaziwa proxy amaseva ukuthi ufihle ngempela IP yomsebenzisi. Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, idatha kulezi zisetshenziswa internet akuzona siphazanyiswe ikhompyutha yomunye esebenzisa lezi, izinhlelo ezifana, futhi ngokusemthethweni wamisa alikho emthethweni futhi yisigwebo.