Amaphekula - ngubani lo? Amakhosi abeZizwe. AbeZizwe bakholwa yini?

Emhlabeni kwakukhona izinkolo nezinkolelo ezihlukene njalo. Yikuphi, ngendlela, engazange ilahleke ngokuphelele noma yikuphi, noma ngabe ayibalulekile. Kulesi sihloko ngifuna ukukhuluma ngamaqaba: imikhosi yabo, ukholo kanye namazwana ahlukahlukene athakazelisayo.

Okuyinhloko

Okokuqala, siyabona ukuthi ubuqaba buyizinkolo zasendulo ezazikhona phakathi kwamaSlav ngaphambi kokutholwa kobuKristu. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi lesi simiso sokubuka yonke indawo yonke, esinikeze ngokugcwele umfanekiso wezwe kwabakhileyo kulawo maxesha. Okhokho bethu babenezinhlobonhlobo zabo onkulunkulu, okwakungama-hierarchical. Futhi abantu ngokwabo babethembekile ekuxhumaneni okusheshayo kwabakhileyo ezweni elifanayo nalabo abavamile. Abahedeni bakholelwa ukuthi imimoya ihlale ilawulwa njalo futhi ilawulwa yiyo yonke, ngakho-ke hhayi kuphela okungokomoya, kodwa futhi ingxenye yenyama yokuphila yayingaphansi kwabo.

Umlando omncane

Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala we-AD, ngesikhathi ubuKristu bamukeleka eRussia, konke okuhlobene nobuqaba kwakunqotshwa futhi kwaqedwa. Ukushiswa kwamathempeli angamaqaba, vumela amanzi ezithombe zasendulo. Sazama ukuqeda lezi zinkolelo ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kwakungalungile. Phela, kuze kube namuhla izici zemihlahlandlela yamaqaba ziye zagcinwa okholweni lwe-Orthodox, zakha ukuhleleka okumangalisayo kwesimo saseByzantine nobuqaba. Kumele futhi kuthiwa izinkumbulo zokuqala zalezi zinkolelo zivela eminwe yesandla esiphakathi, lapho i-curia yamapapa inomthelela abantu ebuKatolika. Ngaphansi kwalesi senzo, amaqaba nawo awa (ngubani owazi lokhu). Amarekhodi ezinkambinkimbi zamaKatolika ayegxeka kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nabalobi bamaRussia, abazange bafune ukukhuluma ngobuqaba ngaleso sikhathi, begcizelela iqiniso lokuthi cishe alikho.

Mayelana nomqondo

Ukuqonda umqondo "weziqaba" (ukuthi ungubani, yiziphi izici zokholo lwabo nokuqonda kwezwe), udinga ukuthola ukuthi kusho ukuthini. Uma uqonda i-etymology, udinga ukusho ukuthi impande lapha yigama elithi "ulimi". Nokho, kwakusho futhi "abantu, isizwe." Kungaphetha ngokuthi lo mqondo uqobo ungahunyushwa ngokuthi "ukholo lwabantu" noma "inkolelo yesizwe." Igama lesiSlavic elithi "ubuqaba" lingabuye lihunyushwe ngokuthi "yinqaba yezibopho."

Mayelana nokholo

Ngakho-ke, abahedeni: bangobani, babekholelwa ngani? Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi isimiso sezinkolelo zabo sasihle kakhulu futhi singenakuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele nemvelo. Wayehlonishwa, wayekhulekelwa futhi wabeka izipho eziphanayo. Isikhungo sendawo yonke yamaSlav kwakuyiMama Nature. Kwaqondwa njengemvelo ephilayo engacabangi kuphela, kodwa inomphefumulo. Amandla akhe kanye nezakhi zakhe kwakunobumbano futhi kwakungokomoya. Nokho, lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kungokwemvelo ukuthi kungokwemvelo, ukuthi ayikho inkinga ngokuhlakanipha okukhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqaba (okungukuthi, esikucabangayo) asibheka njengabantwana bemvelo futhi ayengabonakali impilo yabo ngaphandle kwalo, ngoba uhlelo lweVedic yolwazi nezinkolelo lwaluqala ukusebenzisana eduze nokusebenzisana ngokuvumelana nezwe elizungezile. Kwakungokholo lokhokho bethu? AmaSlav ayenamakholo amathathu amakhulu: i-Sun, Umama kanye nokukhulekela izakhi.

Ihlelo Lomhlaba

Abahedeni bakholelwa ukuthi uMhlaba ungumama wabo bonke. Lichaza konke ngokulula, ngoba, ngokusho kwamaSlav asendulo, yiyona ndawo yokuzala: Umhlaba awuphili izitshalo kuphela, kodwa kuzo zonke izilwane. Kungani ebizwa ngokuthi umama - akulula ukuchaza. Okhokho bethu bakholelwa ukuthi yizwe labo elabeletha, linikeza amandla, kungukuthi ukukhothamela kulo. Ake siqaphele, ukuthi amasiko amaningi akhona avele kithi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ake sikhumbule, isibonelo, isidingo sokuthatha umhlaba omncane ezweni langaphandle noma ukukhothamela abazali abasha emshadweni.

Ihlelo leSanga

Ilanga ezinkolelweni zamaSlav zasendulo libonakala liwuphawu lwento yonke-inqoba okuhle. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi abahedeni babevame ukubizwa ngokuthi abakhulekeli belanga. Abantu ngaleso sikhathi babehlala ekhalendeni lelanga, beka ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ezinsukwini zobusika kanye ne- summer solstice. Kwakukhona ngalesi sikhathi futhi kugubha amaholidi abalulekile, njengokuthi, usuku luka-Ivan Kupala (ekupheleni kukaJuni). Okuthakazelisayo kuyoba yiqiniso lokuthi abantu balezo zikhathi bahlonipha isibonakaliso swastika, esibizwa ngokuthi i-colored solar. Kodwa-ke, lo mfanekiso awuzange uthwale noma yikuphi okubi ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa wawumelela ukunqoba kokuhle phezu kokubi, ukukhanya nokuhlanzeka. Lesi sibonakaliso sokuhlakanipha sasiyisigqoko, esinikezwa amandla okuhlanza. Wahlala njalo egqoke izingubo nezikhali, izinto zasendlini.

Ukuhlonishwa kwezakhi

Ngenhlonipho enkulu amaSlav angamaqaba ayephatha izinto ezifana nomoya, amanzi nomlilo. Amabili okugcina ayebhekwa njengokuhlanzwa, njengamandla futhi anikezela ukuphila njengomhlaba ngokwawo. Ngokuphathelene nomlilo, kubheka amaSlav, amandla amakhulu abeka ibhalansi emhlabeni futhi alwela ubulungiswa. Umlilo wahlanjululwa hhayi umzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi umphefumulo (okukhomba ngalokhu kugobhoza umlilo ovuthayo ku-Ivan Kupala). Ilangabi lalibaluleke kakhulu emngcwabeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, izidumbu zazishiswa, zishaya amandla okuhlanza emlilweni, hhayi nje igobolondo lomhlaba lomuntu, kodwa futhi nomphefumulo wakhe, okwathi emva kwalesi sivumelwano ngokukhululeka waya okhokho. Phakathi nesikhathi sabeZizwe, amanzi ayehlonishwa kakhulu. Abantu babecabanga ukuthi nguye kuphela umthombo wamandla namandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abahloniphi nje imifula kanye nezinye izidumbu zamanzi, kodwa futhi amanzi asezulwini - imvula, ekholelwa ukuthi ngaleyo ndlela onkulunkulu banganiki amandla kuphela ezweni ngokwalo kodwa nakubakhileyo balo. Amanzi ahlanjululwa, aphethwe amanzi ("aphilayo" futhi "afile"), ngosizo lwakhe, waze waqagela futhi wabikezela ikusasa.

Esidlule

Ngenhlonipho enkulu, abaqaba baseRussia baphinde baphathe okwedlule, noma kunalokho, okhokho babo. Babehlonipha okhokho babo, bavame ukusiza usizo lwabo. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yabokhokho ayanyamalala noma yikuphi, iyalonda uhlobo lwayo, isiza abantu ezweni elifanayo. Kabili ngonyaka amaSlav ayegubha usuku lapho behlonipha izihlobo zabo ezifile. Wayebizwa ngokuthi uRadonitsa. Ngaleso sikhathi, izihlobo zaxhumana nobaba babo emangcwabeni abo, zicela ukuphepha nempilo yomndeni wonke. Kwakudingeka ukuthi ushiye isipho esincane (le nkonzo isaphila namhlanje - umngcwabo emangcwabeni, lapho abantu beletha amaswidi namakhukhi nabo).

The Pantheon of the Gods

Okokuqala ngifuna ukusho ukuthi onkulunkulu bamaqaba babele lokhu noma leyo element noma amandla emvelo. Ngakho-ke, onkulunkulu abaluleke kunazo zonke kwakunguRod (owadala ukuphila emhlabeni) noRozhanitsa (unkulunkulukazi wokuzala, ngenxa yokuthi, emva kokubusika, umhlaba wazalwa kabusha ekuphileni okusha, futhi basiza abesifazane ukuba bavelise izingane). Omunye onkulunkulu abaluleke kunazo zonke wayenguSvarog - umdali nenkosi yendawo yonke, uYise-ukhokho, onike abantu hhayi umlilo kuphela emhlabeni, kodwa ezulwini (i-Sun). I-Svarozhichami kwakuyizinkulunkulu ezinjengeDazhdbog (unkulunkulu weLanga) noPerun (uNkulunkulu wokuduma, umbani, ukuduma). Owonkulunkulu be-Sun babeyiHhashi (umbuthano, ngakho-ke igama elithi "ukudansa nxazonke") noYarilo (unkulunkulu welanga elishisayo nelishisa kakhulu ehlobo). AmaSlav noVeles, unkulunkulu owayengumbusi wezinkomo, nabo bakhulekelwa. Wayengunkulunkulu onothile, ngoba ngaphambi kwalokhu, kwakungenzeka ukuthi ucebile kuphela ngenxa yezinkomo ezifuywayo, okwenza kube nenzuzo enhle. Phakathi kwawonkulunkulukazi, okwakubaluleke kunazo zonke kwakunguLada (unkulunkulukazi wobuhle, ubusha, uthando, umshado nomndeni), uMakosh (umnikeli wokuvuna kokuphila) noMorana (unkulunkulukazi wokufa, ubanda, ubusika). Abantu bakhulekela ngalezo zikhathi izigubhu, i-shower, imimoya yamanzi, abaqapha konke okuzungezile umuntu: indlu, amanzi, amahlathi, amasimu.

Amasiko

Okubalulekile kwakukhona nemikhuba ehlukahlukene yamaJuda. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, bangahlanza umzimba nomphefumulo (ngosizo lwamanzi nomlilo). Kwakukhona nemikhosi yokuqapha, eyayiqhutshwa ukuze ivikele umuntu noma indlu ebubini obubi. Umhlatshelo wawungewona ohlukile kumaSlav. Ngakho-ke, izipho kubonkulunkulu zingase zingabi negazi futhi zingenasici. Okwokuqala wanikelwa okhokho noma ukuphelelwa isikhathi. Izisulu zegazi zazidingeka, isibonelo, uPerun no-Yaril. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinyoni nemfuyo zalethwa njengezipho. Yonke imikhosi yayingcwele.