Amaqembu Igazi Human

Blood Group umuntu waqala ukutadisha ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 esigabeni kwezokugoma. Ngaphandle lolu lwazi, ngeke kwenzeke ukwenza ukumpontshelwa igazi wasindisa ukuphila kwabaningi. Futhi imfundiso kaZiqu-zamaqembu egazi kabanzi ukuhlinzwa, wokubelethisa nezifo zabesifazane, imithi ngobuchwepheshe kanye zofuzo. Ulwazi umahluko izoantigenov bokucatshangelwa lapho zitshala izicubu kanye izitho.

Human Amaqembu Igazi - lezi izimpawu ngegazi elalisesandleni ziyadlula kubazali nezingane. Inkonde ngayinye ifakwe umshini isethi eyingqayizivele antigen iqembu ichaze idatha izimfanelo. Lokhu iqoqo izinto eziqondene ngokuthi izoantigenami.

Ngesisekelo igazi labo womuntu is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu, kanye akuxhomekile uhlanga, elifanelana nalo noma ubudala, futhi kusukela phansi. Uqala ziyahlangana ekuqaleni embryonic period futhi kukho konke ukuphila uhlala ingashintshiwe. womuntu lwegazi - kuba isici sakhe ngabanye begazi.

Ekusebenteni, odokotela kukhona izoantigeny eziphawuleka kakhulu abomvu egazi ashaye A no B. Futhi kubhekelwe izoantitela a futhi ß, ngezinye izikhathi eziqukethwe womuntu igazi serum. ukuzimisela ngesikhathi esisodwa igazi izoantigenov izoantitel futhi okuqondene uhlobo olufanayo (isib ß B) kuholela agglutination kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi ayihambisani ne ukuphila. Ngakho-ke ndawonye kufanele kube izinto ezingafani kuphela (isib A + ß).

amaqembu igazi lomuntu ngezigaba ezine, kuye ngokuthi yini izoantigeny futhi izoantitela iqukethe. Basuke okhonjiswe izinhlamvu nezinombolo: - eqenjini uqale kuphela izoantitela a futhi ß - 0aß; - iqembu lesibili kuhlanganisa izoantigen A no ß izoantitelo - Ass; - iqembu lesithathu yakhiwa izoantigen B kanye izoantitelo a - Ba; - iqembu lesine iqukethe kuphela izoantigeny A no B - AB0.

On the ukuhambisana amaqembu igazi lomuntu, lithintwa ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona egazini eyodwa izoantitel kuqhathaniswa izoantigenov egazini lomunye. Lokhu kuvumela ukumpontshelwa igazi. I okahle ukusebenzisa igazi ezihlobene iqembu elifanayo.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ngaphandle izoantitel ekhona igazi evamile yobuntu, ke izoantitela ziwela ngaphandle, lapho kuphakama lwegazi ukungavumelani. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho izithako ukumpontshelwa igazi (uketshezi olungenambala olusegazini, leukocyte, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi) lonke igazi; ngesikhathi ekhulelwe, lapho fetus igazi iqembu engahambelani neqembu egazini likamama; emva isicelo eminye imigomo futhi sera ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa.

Ngemva kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe esibelethweni, umbungu ayesekhona elibomvu egazi izoantigeny. Isibalo sawo siyakhula futhi ifinyelela esiphezulu iminyaka emithathu zokuphila. Khona-ke, izinga ayishintshi kuphela isikhathi sokuguga iqala ukuncipha. It akashintshi phakathi nokuphila komuntu futhi igazi bawaphendule izoantigenov. Ukwakheka kwalo akuphazamisi iyiphi izifo esidlule, noma yimuphi umthelela zamakhemikhali, izici zokwakheka komuntu.

Hhayi ezingabalulekile kakhulu kwezokwelapha kuye ekutholeni khona noma ukungabi khona erythrocyte RH antigen uhlelo - RH-factor. Kulesi sisekelo, abantu bahlukene ezinqumela ku RH-negative futhi RH-HIV. Kuyaziwa ukuthi 15% abantu bakuleli batholakale ayiqukethe RH-factor, futhi 85% ayitholakali. Uma umama okhulelwe ayiqukethe RH-factor, begodu i-fetus wayezuze kuyise antigen RH-HIV, amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa kulo. Ingathinta abomvu egazi ashaye wengane, okubangela ukubhujiswa kwabo (hemolysis).

Nquma igazi lomuntu, usebenzisa serum ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, erythrocyte thola izoantigeny. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunquma lwegazi 4, plate white ibekwe erythrocyte oswakanyiswe futhi serum ejwayelekile ishiywa ekamelweni lokushisa abese okuqhubekisela agglutination ukuphendula. Lapho omuhle Ukusabela izoantitela serum kufanele unamatsisela abomvu egazi siziguqule mbewu encane ebomvu. Lapho backlash yiziphi izinguquko bengekho nhlobo. Funa iphutha seqembu ngalinye ukubeka ukuphendula ne amasampula amabili.