Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo lezi zinambuzane. izinambuzane emangalisayo

Ikilasi izinambuzane eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni: it has abangaba yisigidi zilwane. Abanye abameleli bayo ezibhekwa abakhileyo omdala iplanethi. Baye owakhiwe ke eminye iminyaka izigidi ezingu-400 edlule. Lesi sigaba aqhubeke ephila futhi ukusinda izinhlekelele, hhayi nje kwenzekani phansi. Ngenxa izici zokuphila izinambuzane namuhla iqembu okuqhubekayo kwezilwane.
Ulwazi mayelana izinambuzane amelwe izincwadi, kuthinta inani amaqiniso engavamile futhi kancane-eyaziwa. Imithombo efanayo zibonisa ukuthi ukuphila izilwane zasendle emhlabeni kungukuthi ngaziwa ngokuphelele.

Kuvele ekilasini ebalulekile amayunithi

Life of izinambuzane ezihlala emhlabeni, kuba ngaphansi kokuhlolisisa Izazi nososayensi. Ukuze kube lula cwaningo izilwane ayehlukaniswe amaqembu.

Isisekelo ngezigaba kwakungamadodana izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuthuthukiswa uhlamvu - oqondile (ngaphandle baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele), engaqondile (nge yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo);
• izici isakhi mouthparts - oncelayo, okuhlabayo, ikhotha, okuhlabayo, abancela;
• ukutholakala kanye nesakhiwo amaphiko.

Kule ndaba, ososayensi baye bathola amaqembu ezilandelayo - Tarakanov, umuhlwa, Orthoptera, izintwala, izimbungulu, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, namazeze. Lapha kuba kude kusukela ephelele uhlu amaqembu akhona njengamanje izinambuzane.
Ngenxa umthamo high uvuma ngokwayo izimo zokuphila izinambuzane ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke. Bahlala phansi, enhlabathini, emanzini ahlanzekile kanye nosawoti. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo isinambuzane kukhona yisinanakazana kubantu, ezilwaneni, izitshalo.
ososayensi Modern sakwazi ukumisa ukuthi kwakukhona amaqembu izinambuzane, okuyinto baye bafa kuze kube manje. Umsolwa omdala nababamele basonta oda pratarakanov, strekozopodobnyh, gerarid nabanye.

Hymenoptera

abameleli esivelele kuleli qembu - bumblebees, izinyosi, iminyovu, izintuthwane. Elinesimo umjikelezo ephelele ukuthuthukiswa, khona amabili namabhuzu amaphiko Mesh abancela mouthparts futhi ukuvenisha. Lezi zilwane wathola elinye igama - the izinambuzane zenhlalo.

indlela yabo yokuphila ubelokhu enesithakazelo indoda njalo. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi ukhona zinhlobo ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili izinyosi, eziningi zazo domesticated amadoda umkhiqizo eliyigugu, njengoju lwezinyosi.
Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi lezi zinambuzane babe sikhandleka ukuphila kwabo konke. Ukuze ikamu kumiswa 500 amagremu of uju, bee kubalulekile ukwenza izindiza 10 million esidlekeni imbali futhi emuva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngezwa engakunaki nokubhuza isici. Kubonakala, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinambuzane udabula emoyeni, okwenza Flapping njalo amaphiko. Ngezinye izikhathi imvamisa yabo imivimbo 11.500 ngomzuzu. Kodwa lokhu akulona irekhodi. Baziwa kwezinambuzane kabuhlungu ukuthi kukhona ongenza ezingaphezu kuka 62 ayizinkulungwane ukubhakuzisa amaphiko ngomzuzu owodwa.
Le ndoda watadisha nemikhuba honeybees zafunda ukwakha izimo ezikahle ukuthola arcade bee imikhiqizo omningi.
Iminyovu nezinyosi - lena futhi izinambuzane zenhlalo. Imikhaya yawo ukuphila hhayi isikhathi eside - eyodwa kuphela ehlobo. Ubusika kuphela indlovukazi abasha, die ubudala. Ndawonye naye ekupheleni ehlobo ekuzibulaleni, amaduna nezinsikazi abasebenzi izinambuzane.
Kusukela i-oda Hymenoptera kukhona ezithutha impova kakhulu.

Tarakanov

Ginger futhi omnyama amaphela - abameleli eyinhloko oda. Ezinza lezo zindawo lapho umuntu eyeka ukuba obakhathalelayo ukuhlanzeka emizini yabo. Lezi zinambuzane kuyingozi kungadala ukusabalala kwezifo ezithile ezithathelwanayo. Amaphela singene izindawo lapho ukudla womuntu lilondolozwe, noma ingcolise imfucuza yabo.

Yiphela zesifazane ongabeka abangaba yizigidi ezimbili amaqanda ngonyaka. Kulawa, ukukhanya livela izinambuzane ezincane ezimhlophe Njengabantu abadala. Emva kwesikhathi moult, ezuza umbala abadala.

Lepidoptera

Ngu lamabutho basonta zonke izinhlobo izimvemvane. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo le izinambuzane njalo ezihlobene nokuphila leli qembu nezilwane. Butterfly amaphiko zahlukahlukene ngombala kanye nosayizi. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinambuzane, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi eyiphutha izinyoni - lena namaphiko lihlala izimvemvane.

Ezinye izinhlobo ebusuku kuphela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimvemvane ukunambitha ukudla ngendlela engavamile - ngezidladla emuva. Isakhiwo wamaphiko aso wawunjengomdumo into cwaningo akulona laboratory zesayensi.

Orthoptera

Izintethe, izinyendle futhi izintethe basonta oda Orthoptera. Izinambuzane leli qembu kuhluke akuphelele ukuthuthukiswa umjikelezo (akukho ukuphenduka), khona gnawing mouthparts, amabhulukwe amabili namabhuzu amaphiko ekhethekile ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi elytra.

I esiyingozi kakhulu izinambuzane sale oda - isikhonyane. Lezi zilwane unawo amandla ngoba mass ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Iqoqa umhlambi omkhulu (inombolo ongafinyelela ngabanye 50 milliardov), isikhonyane wathutha olude. Zonke izimila emkhondweni izindimbane izinambuzane libhujiswa. A uswebezane isikhonyane ngelanga idla esilinganayo ukudla okudingekayo ukuze nenkathi efanayo edolobheni elikhulu, ezifana ezifana New York. Umonakalo owenziwe yisikhonyane, kwezinye izimo, kube engelapheki.

izimbungulu

Squad unegama elilodwa ngaphezulu - Coleoptera. abameleli Isici libhekisela kunobhejane ibhungane, Meyi ibhungane, ladybug, bhungane, Weevil, nabanye abaningi. ngokuphila kwezinambuzane sale oda ugcwele wezimfihlakalo, izimfihlo nama-legends. Enhlabathini, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-400,000 zama-mabhungane. Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke ummeleli - ibhungane-titanium - ifinyelela ubude nesikhombisa ngamasentimitha. zinhlobo Yaziwa, ubude okuyinto amamilimitha angu ambalwa.

Izincwadi ezivela njalo amaqiniso ezintsha nezithakazelisayo mayelana izinambuzane yaleli qembu. Ngokwesibonelo, leli bhungane njengesixhumo sezindluzele ikhula amasentimitha eziyisishiyagalombili ngobude. izibungu kwayo kuthuthuka e abolile iziphunzi zezihlahla iminyaka emihlanu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi zikhula ezinkulu - mayelana 14 amasentimitha.
mabhungane abaningi izinambuzane. Ayayona okutshalwe izitshalo, emahlathini, ukudla, imikhiqizo izinkuni, isikhumba kanye nezinye izinto zemvelo.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izinambuzane

Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane esheshayo emhlabeni kuyinto dragonfly. Yena uyakwazi ukuhambisa ngesivinini ngamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe amakhilomitha ngehora.
Kukhona amazwe, lapho izitsha ezivela izinambuzane uju yangempela. Ukudla okuthosiwe izinyendle futhi isikhonyane ecebile amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate kanye nezinye izinto eziwusizo.
Izintethe ungakwazi sifinyelele ibanga okuyinto izikhathi angaphezu kwamashumi amane ubude ngemizimba yabo.
Iningi endlini izimpukane bukhoma endaweni abazalelwa kuyo, kodwa kukhona izimo lapho izinambuzane ziyasuswa kusukela emizini yabo amakhilomitha angaphezu kwamashumi amane. It kuvela ukuthi izimpukane abakwazi ukumelana nebutho lomoya ahambe ukugeleza komoya.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, endaweni, ilingana square kilometre, zikhona izinambuzane yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 26 ezahlukene, okuyinto abahluke ngaso kwezinye yokuphila ngamunye, imikhuba yokudla, izindlela zokuthuthukisa, sempilo.
Isayensi yanamuhla Ngeke wazi konke mayelana izinambuzane ngenxa yokuthi kukhona okwamanje zinhlobo engaziwa. Kodwa ngisho nalabo abachazwa yila ososayensi, ingakamiswa kwehlwaywe. Izwe izinambuzane - ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke futhi kancane-ifundelwe bemvelo.
Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izinambuzane, ulwazi lwabo lokufundisa isimo sengqondo sobuntu ilungelo nemvelo, ukuze baqonde imithetho yayo, akusho ukulimaza izwe elizungezile.