Uyini pampas yeNingizimu Melika?

Kukhona izindawo esikuzwile, kodwa ambalwa ukucabanga ukuthi. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana pampas eNingizimu Melika. igama abathandwayo abaningi abawazi imigca ingoma. Yilokho kwathi nje indlela yokuphuma izinyathi ku Pampas khona, kodwa ziningi ezinye izilwane ezithakazelisayo futhi izitshalo.

Uyini pampas (pampas)?

Kulezi zimo igama ezithakazelisayo efihla umqondo ngempela abavamile kithi - asemaqeleni. Kuyinto ba, eqinisweni, kukhona pampas. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi zitholakala endaweni eyodwa kuphela emhlabeni - eNingizimu Melika. Pampa eqhubeka e engxenyeni eseningizimu kuka meridional phakathi ezinkangala Brazilian nase-Andes. Uzungeze esizalweni somfula we La Plata bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezintathu, eningizimu nasempumalanga ukuphuma emanzini ase-Atlantic Ocean. Iningi endaweni ewela pampas Uruguay ne-Argentina enyakatho-mpumalanga futhi eningizimu yeBrazil.

Impumuzo isakhiwo Geological

Asemaqeleni (pampas) flat noma inamagquma olelezekileyo. Impumuzo libhekene kushintshana ka meridional Hercynian futhi Precambrian emikhulu, okuholela inhlanganisela emigodini ejulile futhi emathafeni flat. pampas Eastern kancane kancane okuhlanganisiwe ne-okuthiwa Western noma ezomile, okuyinto iphahlwe ngasentshonalanga clumpy Predkordiler lamagquma. Basuke bahlukana izingxenye eliphansi kakhulu we uqweqwe (grabens). phansi kwabo sehliselwe endaweni ka 2000 amamitha ukujula, zingase ngokuphelele noma ingxenye egcwele nosawoti nenhlabathi, usawoti emachibini noma emaxhaphozini.

izimo zezulu

Pampas mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, Itholakala nakwezifudumele sezulu zone, ngakho cishe unyaka wonke, kule ndawo lisungulwe ngokubhekelela emoyeni uquqaba ivela Atlantic Ocean. Inzika (mayelana 2000 mm ngonyaka), basakaza ngokulinganayo, isomiso ezingajwayelekile kakhulu. Nokho, emathafeni nesomile Pampa sebeqala ukuzizwa ithonya isimo sezulu yezwekazi. Inzika ukwehla (300-500 mm), babe iyunifomu kancane, iningi labo akhawunti daylight saving time.

Ukuba umbono walokho a pampas nalapho akusiyo Kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi kule ndawo elinesimo ehlobo kushisa: izinga lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka 25 kuya 45 ° C. It ifinyelela esiphezulu ukubaluleka kwalo ephakathi kwemifula Parana ne-Uruguay. Ukuze sezwe libhekene umoya kuhlale kushisa futhi kunomswakama bevela enyakatho. okushisa Isilinganiso ebusika futhi omuhle, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi Lingase zivaliwe futhi abandayo -10 ° C (kuze indawo ye pampas ezimanzi). Isithwathwa ivelakancane futhi liyancibilika ngokushesha, ikhava akuyona kwakhiwa.

Insimu ephakathi kwemifula kahle eniselwa nemingenela eminingi yaleli Uruguay futhi Paraná. Nokho, kwenzekani okwengeziwe, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi endaweni inombolo ezimanzi Pampa yemifula kakhulu ukubuyeka, futhi endaweni eyomile futhi ngokuphelele lungokwesikhashana futhi ngesikhathi izihlambi kuphela ogeleza egcwele. Kodwa eziningi amanzi anosawoti bese komhlaba, okuyinto ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinte yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

I izitshalo pampas

Manje pampas yeNingizimu Melika cishe ngokuphelele esetshenziselwa ezolimo (umhlabathi olimekayo, amadlelo nasemizaneni eduze kwabo). izimila Yemvelo kanye nemvelo kuyagcinwa kuphela endaweni encane. Izitshalo is ocebile, lapha ubuswa okusanhlamvu (mayelana 1000 zinhlobo). Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo lixhomeke enhlabathini nasemvuleni. Ngakho e-Uruguay futhi eningizimu yeBrazil ubuswa amahlathi. Bona akhiwa ikakhulu emfuleni izigodi. Ukuze siluhlaza amahlathi ezingaba isici (Araucaria, bamboo, itiye Paraguay, rombolistny yodina, quebracho, nokunye. D.) Futhi lianas.

Esikhathini ezivulekile ephakathi kwemifula bona esikhundleni okusanhlamvu, futhi matasa indawo pampas ezinomswakama. isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe kumele ubukeke njengoba pampas utshani, noma cortaderia uSello (ngenhla). Lena isitshalo zisetshenziswa, lafinyelela ukuphakama 4 amamitha. Amafomu tufts omkhulu ofana uhlevane. Ngokuba njengamazulu ephakeme zokuhlobisa yayo yangaphandle futhi yokuqhuma umbukwane (panicles ukuba mhlophe, pink noma umthunzi onsomi-40 cm) wayehlonishwa kakhulu ethandwa phakathi abatshali kanye balimi. pampas Dry libhekene nemvula encane, ngakho libukeka ejwayelekile Semi-ehlane, inhlabathi engaphansi evundile, kukhona semali usawoti emaxhaphozini. Lapha nezimila badla imbuya ngothi kanti imelelwa ezihlabayo ameva, Cacti.

Nezilwane we Pampa

Nezilwane futhi uye washintsha kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo zesintu. K kuyinto iqembu elikhulu kufanele phakathi labo ayakwazi ukuthuthela ngokushesha (ziyofuna ukudla, amanzi kanye nomthunzi). Kuyinto izilwane ezidla ezinye ezimbalwa (kuhlanganise Puma futhi Cat Geoffroy sika), pampas Deer, Mustangs (amazwe kanye abaseSpain nehhashi zasendle), Azarov opossum nabanye.

Ukuze Pampa ngokuya libhekene ngokuchichima zezinyoni namagundane. Iningi lezi zinyoni isigaba ezifudukayo. Bafika e-pampas ngoba lokushutheka futhi ungajabule. Ukuze ukhulume izici ezimbalwa nje:.. Ipikaha, ibises, tinamou, njll Uhlobo yokugcina ungathi ajwayelekile phezu intendele, kodwa umbala izimpaphe ngokucace nakakhulu. Futhi lisho abakhileyo Pampas ingenye izinyoni lasendulo - intshe Rhea (esesithombeni). Namagundane Kuyaphawuleka nutria, bizcacha.

Pampa, imisebenzi yabantu

BaseYurophu uqala ukufunda ngalokho pampas, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka. Bendzawo eyingoduso kwezolimo endaweni nemfuyo kwezolimo kusekude ukufika lapho. Duzane 16-17 eminyaka akha stratum ekhethekile sabantu - abelusi gauchos. Kwakumelwe semi ayimizulane, futhi ngokuvamile basuke eqhathaniswa cowboy North American. I gauchos lokuqala okwakukhona kulo izingane zendawo abesifazane baseNdiya kusukela abaseSpain. Kuze kube manje, njengoba sekushiwo, izinto ezenziwa abantu ziye washintsha simiso semvelo angaphezu ukuqashelwa, cishe akukho ekhoneni isetshenzwe. Manje ingenye ezifundeni ebaluleke kakhulu yezolimo, kanye wesifunda kwezomnotho main Argentina. Pampa libhekene ezinabantu yayo enabantu. Ngakho, u-75% sabantu Argentina abahlala ensimini yaleli. Imizi ngobukhulu - Rosario, La Plata, Luján, Santa Fe.

Ensimini pampas atshalwe 85% corn nokolweni, etshalwa ezingaphezu kuka-60% inani eliphelele imfuyo. Zonke lezi imikhiqizo ingxenye enkulu is ethengwe Argentina eYurophu.

On umbuzo uyini pampas, singasho ngokuphepha: yokulima. Kule ndaba kwakukhona amabili izinkinga zemvelo: Whittling phansi izimila zemvelo nokwehliswa asemaqeleni kusukela ukuklaba kwezinkomo ngokweqile kuqothula. Nokho, iziphathimandla bamazwe amaningana ozama ukuze nginqande leso simo bese ugcine semvelo okungenani ku avikelwe ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zemvelo ezindaweni ezivikelekile.