Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Lolu cwaningo amaplanethi we Solar System

Mhlawumbe sonke siyazi ukuthi ucezu yonke, uvikelekile kithi, ngokuthi zesimiso sonozungezilanga. inkanyezi Zezıhlabane, kanye amaplanethi ezibazungezile baqala lasungulwa iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4.6 edlule. Khona-ke kwaba khona wokugoqa adonsela phansi yamangqamuzana amafu interstellar. Ngokuwa isikhungo lapho iningi ndaba zanqwabelana, kamuva waba Sun, futhi lizungezwe ifu protoplanetary kuye kwavula zonke ezinye izinto.

Ulwazi mayelana esimisweni sonozungezilanga ekuqaleni okuhloswe ngesikhathi okwashiwo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku kuphela. Njengoba ngcono izibonakude kanye namanye amathuluzi, ososayensi efunda okwengeziwe Isikhala ezungezile. Noma kunjalo, konke amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana nesimiso sikanozungezilanga yayingatholakala kuphela emva ekuqaleni engu isikhala - ku 60s kwekhulu elidlule.

isakhiwo

Into eyinhloko yezinkolo ucezu yethu yonke - kuba ilanga. Duzane uphendulela amaplanethi eziyisishiyagalombili: Mercury, Venus, uMhlaba, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, i-Uranus, Neptune. Muva nje kwaku okuthiwa izinto trans-Neptunian, okuhlanganisa i-Pluto abanako 2006 kusukela isimo iplanethi. Yena emizimbeni eziningana yasezulwini isibaluli amaplanethi ezincane. Eight Sun ezinkulu ngemva izinto zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: amaplanethi eliwumhlaba (Mercury, Venus, uMhlaba, Mars) kanye iplanethi enkulu sonozungezilanga, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo mayelana eziqala yokuthi ziqukethe cishe ngokuphelele igesi. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Jupiter, i-Saturn, i-Uranus, Neptune.

Phakathi Mars kanye Jupiter amanga zone Asteroid, lapho kukhona namaplanethi amaningi amancane asteroyidi ukuma okungajwayelekile. Ukuze emzileni Neptune itholakala Kuiper Belt kanye ehambisana disc zihlakazeke. ibhande elisemkhathini ikakhulu yakhiwa izinto ehlanganisa idwala nensimbi, kuyilapho Kuiper Belt egcwele izidumbu ice Lokudabuka ahlukahlukene. zihlakazeke disc izinto nazo Ukwakheka ikakhulukazi eneqhwa.

ilanga

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo yesimiso sonozungezilanga kufanele uqale ukukhuluma isikhungo wakhe. Giant imbulunga esikhipha noma izinga lokushisa zangaphakathi okweqa degrees 15 million endaweni kanzulu xaxa 99% ngesisindo sezinti ohlelweni lonke. Sun libhekisela isizukulwane sesithathu izinkanyezi, itholakala cishe phakathi nokuphila yayo umjikelezo. ikhenela Ezazimzungezile - indawo okuqhubekayo ukusabela iArmagedoni okuphumela hydrogen ku-helium. Le nqubo efanayo kuholela ekwakhekeni izindodla amandla, okuyinto ke lwako kuhlanganise Earth.

Ngokuzayo

Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe bhiliyoni 1.1, Sun uzochitha iningi fuel-hydrogen, ke heats ebusweni ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungenzeka kakhulu emhlabeni uzonyamalala cishe wakho konke ukuphila. Imibandela kuzovumela ukugcina eziphilayo kuphela olwandle olujulile. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-ilanga kuyoba iminyaka 12.2 bhiliyoni ubudala, it jikisa nga giant ebomvu. Zogqinsi elingaphandle inkanyezi kule ukufinyelela Umhlaba orbit. Iplanethi yethu ngalesi sikhathi noma switch ku-orbit ezikude, noma ugxile.

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo kwelanga ilahlekelwa egobolondweni yangaphandle, okuzokwenza ube esigaxeni kwamaplanethi umboniso wezinsiza akha umnyombo ilanga - usayizi Zomhlaba - maphakathi.

mercury

Ngenkathi Sun kuyinto okuzinzile, futhi uzoqhubeka ekutadisheni amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Uthi isidumbu sokuqala cosmic yobukhulu ngokwanele ezinkulu, engatholwa, uma kude inkanyezi yethu emaphethelweni uhlelo - kuyinto Mercury. Eliseduze Sun, kuyilapho iplanethi kulencane uhlole apharathasi "Mariner 10", ngubani ephethwe ifotho ebusweni. Ukutadisha Mercury sebehlushwa isondele inkanyezi, ngakho eminyakeni, yena lahlala ayiqondakali kahle. Emva "Mariner-10" umkhankaso ngo-1973, kubike iThe Mercury ubelokhu 'Messenger. " Mkhathi baqala umsebenzi walo ngo-2003. Izikhathi eziningana wandizisa kuze kube iplanethi, futhi ngo-2011 waba umngane wakhe. Ngenxa yalesi ulwazi locwaningo mayelana nesimiso sikanozungezilanga yandile kakhulu.

Namuhla siyazi ukuthi, nakuba Mercury ne eziseduze Sun, akusiyo iplanethi ezishisayo. Venus kulokhu ke ngokunamandla phambili. Mercury ayinakho umoya wangempela:-ke ashaye out ama-solar wind. Ukuze uthole iplanethi libhekene igesi igobolondo nge ingcindezi eliphansi kakhulu. Day Mercury cishe izinyanga ezimbili Earth, unyaka ihlala izinsuku 88 iplanethi yethu, okungukuthi, esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili Mercurian.

Venus

Ngenxa indiza "Mariner-2" amaqiniso ethakazelisayo komthala wethu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bona badangale kanye ngakolunye - kuyacetshiswa. irisidi okulindile lolu lwazi kusuka mkhathi Venus ayebhekwa umnikazi sezulu esipholile, futhi mhlawumbe olwandle, kubhekwe amathuba okuthola izinto eziphila kuwo. "Mariner-2" uye kungaqedwa lezi amaphupho. Izifundo zale divayisi, kanye nabanye abaningana evezwe esithombeni kunalokho engamili lutho. Ngaphansi ungqimba ebangelwa umkhathi, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa isikhutha emafwini sulfuric acid kuba pheze red-hot 500 ° C ebusweni. Awekho amanzi futhi ayikwazi izinhlobo zokuphila ezaziwayo. Venus ngisho mkhathi ungeme: bona ancibilike futhi eshisa.

Mars

4 iplanethi esimisweni sonozungezilanga, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo-Earth-like - kungcono Mars. Iplanethi Ebomvu uye yabakhanga ososayensi njalo, iyisikhungo zocwaningo namuhla. Mars ibilokhu wafunda eziningana "Mariner", "amaViking" kanye "Mars" ezimbili Soviet. Kwaphela isikhathi eside izazi zezinkanyezi ziye wacabanga ukuthola phezu kwamanzi Iplanethi Ebomvu sika. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi once upon a time Mars behluke ngokuphelele kuka manje, mhlawumbe, kwaba amanzi. Kuye kwasikiselwa, owawuthi ushintsho ebusweni uhlamvu nomthelela Mars ukushayisana komhlaba elisemkhathini ikhefu izimpawu ezinkulu ngesimo asemigodini ezinhlanu. Umphumela waba ukufuduka inhlekelele izigxobo planethi cishe 90º, nokwanda okuphawulekayo mlilo nokunyakaza amapuleti lithospheric. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sekube nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Mars amanzi, umfutho womoya emhlabeni kakhulu kwehle, ebusweni waqala ukufana ehlane.

Jupiter

amaplanethi ezinkulu esimisweni sonozungezilanga, noma igesi imidondoshiya, ehlukanisiwe ibhande Earth-elisemkhathini. I abaseduze wabo weLanga kuyinto Jupiter. Ukuze lingakanani ungcono kakhulu kunabo bonke kwamanye amaplanethi yesimiso sethu. Negesi giant wafunda ngokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi "Voyager" 1 no-2, futhi "uGalileo". ukuwa okuq phezu Jupiter enomsila izingcezwana Shoemaker-Levy 9 yayingavamile njengoba umcimbi ngokwayo, kanye ithuba lokubheka ke. Ngenxa yalokho, laba bacwaningi bakwazi ukudamane bethola hhayi kuphela eziningi izithombe ezithakazelisayo, kodwa futhi enye idatha mayelana inkanyezi enomsila futhi indlela yokwakheka iplanethi.

Ngokusobala awela Jupiter iyahluka kwenye ezifanayo cosmic nemizimba yasemhlabeni. Shards ngisho usayizi omkhulu abakwazi ukushiya emgodini phezu Jupiter sakhiwe cishe ngokuphelele igesi. Comet ukuthi amuncwa izingqimba engenhla ebangelwa umkhathi, washiya phezu emamakini futhi elimnyama, elalihlala ngokushesha wanyamalala. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-Jupiter, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kanye nesisindo, wenza indima welungelo Umhlaba evikele ke kusukela doti ahlukahlukene. Kukholakala ukuthi lo mdondoshiya igesi odlale indima ebalulekile ukuvela ukuphila kusuka kunoma iyiphi imfucumfucu eyawela Jupiter, umhlaba kungaholela nokuqothulwa. Futhi uma ukuwa ezinjalo zenzeka njalo kusaqalwa wokuphila, mhlawumbe abantu ngeke khona kuze kube manje.

Abazalwane-signal intelligence

Ucwaningo amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga futhi yonke sisonke, hhayi okungenani kwenziwe ngenhloso osesho, okungase elakhiwe noma kakade abahlala lapho. Nokho, izinga yonke kangangokuthi esintwini akakwazi ukubhekana umsebenzi, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi esabelwe kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ama-apharathasi "Voyager" kwaba ifakwe aluminium ibhokisi round equkethe isiqophi disc. Iqukethe ulwazi, ngokososayensi, uyakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi abameleli nakwezinye izizwe kungenzeka akhona isikhala lapho Umhlaba nabakhileyo kuwo. Izithombe ukuboniswa namathafa, isakhiwo yokwakheka womuntu isakhiwo DNA, izigcawu kusuka ekuphileni kwabantu nezilwane, eqoshiwe imisindo: icula, ikhala, imvula, umsindo nabanye abaningi. I disk inikezwa maqondana izixhumanisi isimiso sonozungezilanga 14 pulsars okusezingeni eliphezulu. Izincazelo zenziwa kusetshenziswa ngonyaka kanambambili.

"Voyager 1" cishe ngo-2020 izohamba sonozungezilanga futhi ngisho namakhulu eminyaka amaningi ngeke igagasi yonke isikhala. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukutholwa nakwezinye izizwe Earthlings imiyalezo kungenzeka maduzane, ngesikhathi uma iplanethi yethu ngeke usaba khona. Kulokhu, kudiski ngolwazi mayelana nabantu bezwe - all that remains lwesintu wonke endaweni yonke.

round entsha

Ekuqaleni inzalo xxi leminyaka e ukuhlola umkhathi liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo yesimiso sonozungezilanga uqhubeke buthelela. Hlomisani uhambo-Mars, idatha elicwengiweyo mayelana imidondoshiya igesi. Minyaka yonke amalungiselelo ethuthukisiwe, ngokukhethekile, ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezintsha izinjini ezokwenza izindiza eziya ezindaweni ezikude isikhala ngokuncane kaphethiloli. Scientific intuthuko ukunyakaza inikeza ithemba lokuthi maduze izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana nesimiso sikanozungezilanga lizoba yingxenye solwazi lwethu singathola kuwubufakazi bokuba khona we-Oort ifu, ukuqonda kahle ukuthi kuye kwaholela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu on Mars futhi kwaba kanjani ngaphambi, ukuhlola akhanzingiweyo Mercury, ekugcineni, ukwakha isizinda the Moon. amaphupho lalinamandla zezinkanyezi yesimanje wanda kunezinye amafilimu kumnandi. Into ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ipumelelo ubunjiniyela kanye physics uthi mayelana amathuba wangempela izinhlelo ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo.