Expedition kuyi-Mars. Lolu hambo ngowokuqala Mars

Isikhala Isintu siye njalo bakhangwa, abantu babefuna ukunqoba eziqongweni inkanyezi futhi uthole ukuthi uyazifihla kwalasha yasezulwini. izinyathelo kuqala enyangeni, owathi intuthuko enkulu omhlaba wonke ayebheke. Izwe ngalinye ivame ukwenza ukutholakala eziphawuleka ngokukhethekile lapho ngempela zapechalitsya emlandweni. Nokho, izinga impumelelo yezesayensi kanye nemishini yesimanje lobuchwepheshe ayikuvumeli ukuba anqobe ezikude futhi engaqondakali nendikimba ethile esemkhathini. Kangaki imfundiso olwenziwa uhambo-Mars, ukuqaliswa okuyinto in umkhuba manje yinto enzima kakhulu. Kodwa ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esilandelayo eyishumi indoda unyawo kule planethi ebomvu ngaphandle. Futhi ubani owazi ukuthi lezimanga esiyozithola khona. Ithemba ukhona ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba ishukumisa izingqondo eziningi.

Umsebenzi bavimba imigwaqo ukuze Mars ngolunye usuku ngokuqinisekile uthathele indawo. Futhi namhlanje ngisho ukwazi izinsuku eseduze esabekwa ososayensi.

indiza Ethile

Namuhla, uhambo-Mars, ihlelelwe 2017, kodwa engaziwa, yaqaphela noma cha. Lolu suku yingoba ngalesi sikhathi orbit eMhlabeni kuyoba eduze emzileni Mars. Flight kuzothatha iminyaka emibili noma emibili nengxenye. Lo mkhumbi uzoba mass elingamathani angaba ngu-500, lokhu semali ekulindeleke ukuba Cosmonauts bazizwe ukhululekile okungenani.

Abadali eyinhloko esimisweni "Mission-Mars" iyona United States neRussia. Kuyinto la mandla wenzé ezitholakele eziphawuleka emkhakheni isikhala ukunqoba. Umqondo ukuthuthukiswa kuhlanganisa imisebenzi kuze 2040.

Wonke umuntu onentshisekelo ungathanda ukuthumela osomkhathi ngowokuqala iplanethi ezikude 2017, kodwa empeleni lezi izinhlelo kunzima ukuwenza asebenze. Kunzima kakhulu ukwakha eyodwa enkulu izindiza, ngakho wanquma ukusebenza izakhiwo. Bayonikelwa booster izingxenye emzileni iplanethi. Uma lokhu ibalwa ukudala inqubo kuyazenzakela, ukunciphisa izindleko amandla zezinkanyezi. Ngakho kancane kancane ukwakha ingqalasizinda ezidingekayo emkhathini.

Ukuze cishe isigamu leminyaka kuhlelwe umsebenzi bavimba imigwaqo. "Mars" - Lost esiteshini eU.SSR ngo 1988, yakhishwa okokuqala esandleni izithombe phansi obomvu kwenhlabathi futhi omunye izinyanga kule planethi. Kusukela emazweni ahlukahlukene ekusungulwe esiteshini interplanetary ukufunda Mars.

Izinkinga Mars uhambo

Lolu hambo ukuze Mars kuzothatha isikhathi eside. Kuze kube manje, isintu osekuyisikhathi eside emkhathini. Valery Polyakov - udokotela, owachitha ngonyaka emzileni Umhlaba nezinyanga eziyisithupha. Nge izibalo kwesokudla kulokhu kungaba okwanele ukufinyelela Mars. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi angavuka ngokuyisa phambili cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Inkinga enkulu, nokuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika ohlangothini we zezinkanyezi iplanethi kuyodingeka uqale ukuhlola. Ngeke akwazi ukujwayela futhi ukujwayela.

Zona kanye izimo ezinzima ngesikhathi indiza

Ukuze ukubalekela Mars kudinga ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuphelele. Kuyadingeka ukuba agcine eziningi izimo ezibalulekile. Kuphela ngale ndlela ikhulisa amathuba ukuthi lo mkhankaso wokuqala Mars isazoqhubeka esephumelele ukufeza. Kunezici eziningana kumele kubhekwe uma ethuthukisa iphrojekthi ukuba anqobe isikhala Mars. Omunye eyisisekelo kunazo - amatilosi yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe. It luzoqala kwenzeka ukuthi uma udala mjikelezo. Ukuze orbit zigcine amanzi kudingekile nokudla bakhonza ngokusekelwa imikhumbi ezikhethekile. Endabeni abagibeli Mars mkhathi kuphela kudingeka ancike emandleni siqu. Ososayensi ukunikeza izindlela ngoba ukukhishwa ukukhiqizwa namanzi ne-oksijini nge-electrolysis indlela.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ngemisebe. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ngoba indoda. izifundo ezihlukahlukene bayakwazi ukunikeza izimpendulo ezihlobene ithonya namandla kagesi emzimbeni iyonke. Lokhu umthelela kungenzeka kuholele ale nkinga, izinguquko izakhi zofuzo kumaseli kanye nokukhula ngokushesha zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. izidakamizwa athuthukisiwe ayinakusivikela ngokuphelele abantu emiphumeleni elimazayo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka sicabangele ukudalwa uhlobo isiphephelo.

weightlessness

Weightlessness - futhi impikiswano ebalulekile. Ukungabikho gravity kuholela izinguquko emzimbeni. Ikakhulukazi nzima ukubhekana kohliso ukuthi kuphakamisa elingalungile bezibona ibanga. Kwenzeka futhi ukushintsha kwama-hormone sina, kubabangele nemiphumela ebuhlungu. Enye inkinga ukuthi kukhona ukulahleka eqinile calcium. It ahlahlele ithambo izicubu futhi kwenza abantu bakuphathe yoma kwemisipha. Odokotela sikhatsateke kakhulu ngemibiko zonke miphumela ezingezinhle of weightlessness. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokubuya Emhlabeni isikhala nezisebenzi ithimba ngenkuthalo ukubuyisela amasheya mpilo amaminerali umzimba. Ukushiya ke cishe unyaka nakakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela ebuhlungu yokuntuleka adonsela phansi athuthukile korotkoradiusnye Centrifuge ekhethekile. Abanolwazi abasebenza nabo abazenzi namuhla njengoba usosayensi kunzima ukuthola ukuthi mangaki Centrifuge ezinjalo kufanele basebenze ukwakha izimo ezivuna osomkhathi.

Konke lokhu kunzima, hhayi kuphela iphuzu zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe umbono, kodwa futhi izindleko ngendlela emangalisayo ezibizayo.

izinkinga yezokwelapha

Medicine kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Sidinga ukudala izimo ukuze, uma kudingekile, ngesikhathi bomkhankaso-Mars akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi elula kuhlinzwa. Kukhona awokuthi ukuthi le planethi ebomvu uhlala i igciwane engaziwa noma igciwane ongabhubhisa bonke abantu abasemkhunjini indaba amahora. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu kufanele babekhona amakhono amaningana wezokwelapha. Kuhle kakhulu abelaphi, odokotela bengqondo futhi odokotela abahlinzayo. Uzodinga ngezikhathi thatha cwaningo izisebenzi, ukuqapha isimo yonke umzimba. Leli phuzu idinga ukuba ebhodini imishini kwezokwelapha kunesidingo.

Ukwehluleka uzizwa ngosuku asihole umzimba okungafanele nesenzakalo zokuqwasha. Kuyohlale kudingeka ukukhulisa ukulawula futhi ukuqeda yokwamukela amalungiselelo akhethekile. Umsebenzi oyokwenziwa nsuku zonke ngendlela izimo ezinzima futhi kakhulu inqubo. ubuthakathaka okudlulayo nakanjani kuyoholela amaphutha amabi.

ukucindezeleka ngokwengqondo

umthwalo kwenqondo lonke iqembu kuyoba omkhulu. Amathuba ukuthi osomkhathi Undizela Mars kungenzeka bomkhankaso zokugcina, nakanjani kuyoholela ukuvela ukwesaba, ukucindezeleka, imizwa yokuphelelwa yithemba nokucindezeleka. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke. Ngaphansi negative becindezelwa ngokwengqondo ngesikhathi uhambo-Mars, abantu nakanjani zingqubuzane izimo ezingase zibangele nemiphumela ungalungiseki. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa shuttles kokuba kakhulu ngokucophelela njalo. osomkhathi Ikusasa ibhekane eziningi ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuhlonza namandla nobuthakathaka babo. Kubalulekile ukuze bawakhohlise zomkhumbi emhlabeni ajwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela ushintsho konyaka, khona izimila ngisho ukulingiswa amazwi wezinyoni. Lokhu kuzokwenza lula ukuhlala ku-iplanethi alien nokunciphisa isimo esicindezelayo.

nezisebenzi Ukukhetha

inombolo Umbuzo owodwa: "Ngubani fly a planet elikude? ' Umphakathi isikhala beveza uyaqonda ukuthi le Jerk ukukhiqiza abasebenzi izindawo emhlabeni jikelele. Awukwazi walala wonke umthwalo phezu kwelinye izwe. Hlezi ukwehluleka bomkhankaso-Mars, kubalulekile ukucabanga phezu sonke isikhathi lobuchwepheshe nezingokwengqondo. Amatilosi kuzomele sifake Ochwepheshe yangempela ezindaweni eziningi, ezizohlinzeka usizo oludingekayo ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye kalula ukujwayela indawo entsha.

Mars - lena iphupho zezinkanyezi eziningi. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu ufuna ukuba umfundi le ndiza. Ngenxa yalolu hambo kuyingozi kakhulu, igcwele eziningi izimfihlakalo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kube sekugcineni. Nakuba kukhona ithemba futhi imiphefumulo abanesibindi ngubani esifisa ukuba nayo Amagama abo kwakungu ohlwini Uhlelo abahlanganyeli ukuthi unakekelwa ngesisa "Expedition kuyi-Mars." Amavolontiya Usuvele ubhalisile. Aziyeki izibikezelo ngisho zizimbi. Ososayensi baxwayisa obala ukuthi osomkhathi ke - cishe - uhambo zokugcina. Mars ubuchwepheshe besimanje angabakhulula mkhathi, kodwa ukuthi sizokwazi ukuqala iplanethi - alaziwa.

machismo

Zonke izazi ngazwilinye umbono ukuthi abesifazane kudingeka asuswe uhambo lokuqala. Ngo umusa lokhu ukuphikisana okunjalo:

• umzimba female bengayiqondi kahle esifundeni isikhala, akwaziwa esingakanani kwezimo abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo weightlessness liziphathe uhlelo lwayo eziyinkimbinkimbi hormone,
• lady emzimbeni kancane eziqinile kunendoda,
• nezinto eziningi ezivivinya futhi izifundo zesayensi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Psychology abesifazane Ngokwemvelo kancane kuhambisana izimo zinzima ngokwedlulele, aba maningi amathuba okuba ukuba bacindezelekile esimweni wokungabi nathemba.

Kungani uhlupho ndizela planethi?

Zonke ososayensi kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye ukumemezela ukuthi lo mhlaba uyikhaya kakhulu efana Earth wethu. Kukholakala ukuthi uma agelezé phezu ubuso bayo ezifana emfuleni futhi sikhule izitshalo izihlahla. Ukuze bathole izizathu zokuphila on Mars siphukile, kubalulekile ukuba bafeze imisebenzi yocwaningo. Lolu cwaningo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwenhlabathi kanye nomoya. Rovers izikhathi eziningi amasampula athathwa futhi idatha okhandlayo wafunda. Nokho, impahla lincane kakhulu, ngoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza konke okuhilelekile. Kwakuthinta kuphela luthole ukuthi kuyi-Mars, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ukuphila.

Kukholakala, uma kukhona kungenzeka ukuhlela ikoloni on Mars, kubalulekile ukusizakala. Phila bahlela ezingaba okuyingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufaka emkhathini we meteorite omkhulu Umhlaba uzogcwalisa ekubhujisweni kwabo bonke ukuphila. Kodwa nge ukuthuthukisa isikhala Mars kungaba nethemba lensindiso kanye ukuphila kohlanga lwesintu.

Ezimweni zanamuhla zokwanda okukhulu kwenani labantu planethi Mars ukuhlola kuyoba usizo lokunqoba obumbi yezibalo.

Abaholi abaningi zezombusazwe sizibuza ukuthi pose asendaweni Iplanethi Ebomvu. Phela, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo siphele, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imithombo emisha angaba usizo kakhulu.

Ucwaningo yezinkanyezi ukuthi kukhona eminye kude Earth, kodwa eduze Mars, yisifiso sokufuna kakhulu ekujuleni okuyimfihlakalo isikhala - esinye sezizathu isifiso sokuba anqobe Iplanethi Ebomvu.

I-Mars eside ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlola ucwaningo (isibonelo, ukuqhuma senuzi), okuyinto iyingozi kakhulu eMhlabeni.

Lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini namaplanethi okwesibhakabhaka kanye obomvu,

Mars sifana Earth. Ngokwesibonelo, osukwini lwayo yonke imizuzu engu-40 Kude kunomhlaba. Mars futhi ukuguquka kwezinkathi zonyaka, lapho kufana somoya wethu ozungeze umhlaba, esivikela iplanethi emisebeni cosmic nelanga. NASA izifundo ziye ukuqinisekisile ukuthi kukhona amanzi kuyi-Mars. enhlabathini ye-Mars ku nemingcele afana Earth. On Mars, kukhona indawo, landscape izimo zemvelo afana umhlaba.

Ngokwemvelo, umehluko phakathi amaplanethi kukhona elikhulu kakhulu futhi bayindlu ephawuleka kakhulu. Mfushane pepper umehluko - kancane izikhathi 2 kuka amandla adonsela phansi, ongaphakeme lokushisa emoyeni, ukuntuleka amandla elanga, ongaphakeme umfutho womoya kanye ensimini ababuthakathaka kazibuthe, eliphakeme lemisebe - ubufakazi bokuthi ijwayelekile Earthlings ukuphila Mars akunakwenzeka okwamanje.