KumiswaIsayensi

Ukuqala engu Isikhala indima ososayensi. Usuku abantu isikhala yobudala

Okthoba 4, 1957 kwaba usuku abalulekile sonke isintu. Small amabhola shiny ne-antenna ezine, umkhankaso kusukela Earth emkhathini, kwasho ukuqala engu isikhala. Ukuze eSoviet Union - futhi egijima kwaba nje ososayensi KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - kwakungeyona nje ukunqoba ngokwesayensi. Ukuchitheka wase-USSR ne-United States, ngokuthi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, kwasekuqaleni ethintekile ukuhlola umkhathi. Ukuze abantu abaningi baseMelika, Ngiqiniseka ngu ze eSoviet Union - amandla emuva kwezolimo, kwaba isimanga ezingemnandi ukuthi satellite lokuqala wethulwa kwaba Russian.

Ngokusho eziyimiyalo Tsiolkovsky

Umqondo ukuthi ukuhlola umkhathi kungokwalabo usosayensi omkhulu Russian K. E. Tsiolkovskomu. Futhi nakuba ebikezela ukuthi kungenzeka nokuqaliswa kwalo okungenani iminyaka engu-100, kodwa empeleni lokho kwenzekile ngo 50, indlela kusuka umqondo aziwe walo wawenziwe ngempela tortuous. Iqembu Fridriha Tsandera, amaJalimane kohlanga elaqala umsebenzi Korolev abasha ekuqaleni wangena ngenye indlela: umsunguli wayo ahlinzekwa ukuhlola isikhala usebenzisa kosmolota kunokuba ezicitshwayo. Kodwa uMnu Obert, a "uyise cosmonautics" German wabelane umbono ka Tsiolkovsky nje. Wayengumuntu ngisho isikhathi ukuxhumana ne Konstantinom Eduardovichem, okungukuthi - ukuba kokuthatha kukaHitler izintambo.

Ngemva kwempi, Korolev, owayehola Zehnder iqembu ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wamiswa abakhulu ikhomishana ukubukeza ifa missile ka-Third Reich. Ukuhlola amapulani, wayeqiniseka ukuthi Tsiolkovsky kwaba wonke amalungelo efanayo, futhi ukuqhubeka steel esekelwe ipumelelo rocket-German. Ngakho, umqondo usosayensi Russian, waqala ukuba lusebenze emhlabathini isiJalimane, esebuyele ezweni lakubo ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka abanye ososayensi.

Kusukela German "V-2" kuya R-7 Russian

Ukuze uqale ukuthuthukiswa imishini athunjwa, Korolev ezikhishwe ukuqala cishe ikhophi esiqondile rocket German "V2". Nokho, usebhekene ngcono okukhulu. P-1 kwaba ifakwe warhead uhlukanisa futhi kube nebanga indiza, kabili "V-2". Rocket R-5 kakade isibe InterContinental. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umbono wale divayisi weza Korolev ekhanda ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwe-imodeli P-1. Kodwa ekuqaleni isintu isikhala yobudala ukubeka R-7. ukuguqulwa Kwalo namanje ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe izinguqulo eziningana yenethiwekhi "Soyuz". Ngesikhathi esifanayo lalibhekwa engumngane elula - kungakho igama layo SS-1. Korolev unqume ukuba bangalindi sokuthuthukisa uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi bese uqale ukuzungeza yenethiwekhi nge inani lemali elincane ukugxusha lobuchwepheshe.

Ukuthuthukiswa PS-1

Isimo sokuqala umklami main S. P. Korolova kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa siqhutshwa njalo ku Transmitter satellite. Kwakungeke kuvesane ngokushesha ukuhumusha. Ngokusho ofakazi, Korolev sinqatshiwe ongakhetha eziningi zakha satellite - Isigaxa emise, okwedayimane, sikwele - ozakwabo okubangelwa badideke, ngoba isikhala akukho ukumelana emoyeni, ngakho-ke, ukuma akusho lutho. Kodwa umklami abakhulu waphikelela ngokuqinile ukuthi satellite has uyisiyingi. Lapho satellite wethulwa, nozakwethu babeqiniseka ngokunemba usosayensi brilliant - satellite ezenziwe umuntu kwaba sibonelo Zomhlaba emkhathini.

Ukuqala engu Isikhala indima ososayensi kuwo

Ekuqaleni, amakhasimende ngentuthuko lempi. Isimo esiyinhloko ukunqoba iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, babone ukuba kwakhiwe le isithwali ibhomu lenuzi. Agasti 21, 1957 kwaqalwa lempi missile InterContinental, bese phakathi ososayensi kanye lempi waphula umzabalazo ozimisele. UMnyango neMpi waphikelela phezu nokuqhubekisa uhlelo ukuzivikela, futhi abantu Korolev ezihlongozwayo ukusebenzisa lezi abezindaba nokubeka satellite ku-orbit. Ekugcineni izinjongo zokuthula wahlula, endaweni yokugcina kule ngxabano ukubeka ke inhloko yezwe N. S. Hruschov. Wathola ukwaziswa amaMelika zilungele ukuqalisa ayencike kuyo, futhi lokhu kwakuwubufakazi ngiyibona juqu samenta bathambekele ososayensi agumenti.

Usuku, lapho ngineminyaka engu isikhala

Usuku engu isikhala - Okthoba 4, 1957. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kusukela cosmodrome "Baikonur" (it has igama layo zomlando, ekuqaleni kwaba landfill Ezobuchwepheshe-Tam) wathunyelwa ukuya emkhathini missile InterContinental R-7. Futhi ukuthi ubeyisibenzi othwala satellite yokufakelwa PS-1 lokuqala. Ngaphandle kwaba nosecone ngaphezulu, ukuvikelwa umsebenzi kusukela ngomshikisho asemkhathini ekuqaleni, futhi isigaba sayo yonke le rocket yesibili - injini emaphakathi. Kuyinto Umhlaba kubonakala ofakazi lesi senzakalo esibalulekile, njengoba zonke ezinye izingxenye zazimane izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana kuya nobuncane yobukhulu.

Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka, impumelelo yalo mcimbi mlando sonke isintu elenga ibhalansi. Phakathi uqalisa kuphakama izinkinga, ngamunye okungase kuphazamise indiza. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-yesibili 16 th ngemva kokushiya phansi wenqaba uphethiloli supply system bese ukhulisa ukusetshenziswa esishisayo waqala. Ngenxa yalokho, injini emaphakathi kuvaliwe ku- yesibili eyodwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye izinjini "selishonile", kanye ngokweqile isikhathi i-ukwelashwa kungase kudingeke ukukhansela kwethulwa satellite. Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zingqinamba lobuchwepheshe, rocket yakwazi ukuthola amaphuzu owokuqala Isivinini cosmic ka 7.8 amakhilomitha ngomzuzwana, kodwa ngaphambi lohleliwe isiqongo orbit hhayi labetibambile cishe 90 km. Lezi kanye nezinye amaphutha amaningi, ososayensi baye babheka ukwethulwa elandelayo, ngo-October 4, 1957 manje badunyiswa njengabantu ekuqaleni engu isikhala lesintu.

Umhlaba resonance izenzakalo ngishaqekile emhlabeni

Ukuqala engu isikhala, isikhundla ososayensi Soviet, angeze akwazi ukuzifihla nganoma iyiphi indlela kolwazi impi. amasignali orbit ungakwazi ukubamba zonke nayizimfundamakhwela umsakazo wezwe. Lo mcimbi ube indaba ecatshangwe elikhulu futhi obuqand izitatimende osopolitiki Western mayelana ukwehluleka yesayensi kweSoviet Union, lapho zadala khona umonakalo sina US ukuthembeka. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, ngisho nangaphambi ukwethulwa Russian of Sputnik, press American ngenkuthalo ephefumulelwe abafundi bakhe ukuthi e-United States maduze kuthunyelwe satellite lokuqala ku-orbit. Empeleni, bakwazi ukwenza 1 nje Februwari 1958, isisindo salo kwaba kancane izikhathi 10 kuka iphayona Russian. Iqiniso ukuthi onjiniyela Soviet wathatha endaweni yesikhulumi ngaphambi baseMelika, kwaba ukushaqeka mbamba letimayelana nalesihloko yokugcina.

I yesayensi idatha izinombolo wokuqala satellite isikhala

Yini sakubona futhi sakufunda abantu, sokuqonda uchungechunge "imisindo", lisuselwa PS-1? Idivayisi esiqhutshwa orbit izinsuku 92, basha ngokukhanukelana, umkhathi ngo-January 4 ngonyaka ozayo. Sputnik wenza 1440 ezungeza emhlabeni Earth - futhi kuba izigidi ezingu-60 km. Idatha eqoqwe yinoma kuye ziye zasiza ososayensi ukuthola imininingwane ye-isignali yomsakazo ngokusebenzisa izingqimba engenhla ebangelwa umkhathi, iqinisekisiwe yi-kwabantu emkhathini usemahlombe ukuphakama ezifanele - kwaba ephakeme kunalokho okwake kwacatshangwa.

Ngemiphumela yokubaleka esemkhathini

I ekuqaleni kwenkathi isikhala bukhicite revolution astronomy. Ngemva okusungulile kaGalileo kwesibonakude kwaba olandelayo Isinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthuthukiswa yonke. Kube okuthiwa astronomy extra-asemkhathini, ososayensi bathole ukuthi i isikhala interstellar ebuswa imisebe cosmic. izimbobo Black, futhi-gamma-ray Ukuvutha Kwatholakala kuphela ngenxa ukuhlola umkhathi. Isiphetho izibonakude ku-orbit ngeke kakhulu ngcono isinqumo sabo futhi sibone ukuthi kwakunzima ukubona ukusuka eMhlabeni. Imingcele wendawo yonke kwelinye Shintshela ngokuwa owakhula waba izingxenye amaqhawe, ukuthi ososayensi kungase Sikhombisa noma lokucabanga ukuthi zibukeke baqinisekisa.

Portal H-Cosmos.ru: ekuqaleni engu isikhala endaweni yokucwaninga

Namuhla, izikole ziya ziba mandla ekusebenziseni lolu hlobo lomsebenzi, njengoba ngobusuku ngazo. Ngenxa yalesi bakhangwa namaphrojektha, filmstrips, amaslayidi, nezinye ubuchwepheshe ezisiza ukubonisa ulwazi esikrinini, ukwenza kube ngomqondo ongokoqobo yegama elithi ebonakalayo. Uma kudayari ingane yakho yabonakala "azokuqhubela isifundo ku" engu isikhala "- ngakho-ke kuba isikhathi kahle ulungiselela sehlo. Izikhala we-Internet ikunikeza yokukhosela nengcebo yokwaziswa, into esemqoka - ukuze ukwazi ukuzikhethela emthonjeni onokwethenjelwa futhi olubanzi. H-Cosmos.ru portal kuzokusiza futhi Daze yakho ukulungiselela umbiko ezithakazelisayo futhi olubanzi. umqondo wayo kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi zonke uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli yethu kuhlangene emkhathini. Kukhona namanye amasayithi ezihlobene umqondo ofanayo ubuhlobo olulodwa H-Cosmos portal. Ukuqala engu isikhala, ngenxa ujwayele mithombo, kabusha ozuza, sisho ukuthini ngempela eningi.

Izwe lethu akupheleli ngokoqobo ezizungezile. Ngenhla kithi - okusezingeni eliphezulu phezu kwekhanda lakhe, kakhulu kangangokuba akubonakali ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, - ke sithola elikhulu ukuphefumula yonke ukuthi kuthinta ukuphila kwethu, ngisho noma singazi ngokuqondile ukugcina. I ekuqaleni kwenkathi isikhala kuye kwavula laziwa esintwini iwindi "phezulu" ukuthola expanses elikhulu yayingaziwa nhlobo. Akekho namanje akazi ukuthi ukuphila Mars kungenzeka, kodwa lokhu nokucabanga ngokwaso wenza izingqondo zethu zamukele izinto ezitholwe esikhathini esizayo engaphezulu kakhulu kwevamile, futhi ukuphila - ezithakazelisayo futhi ecebile. Ungakwazi ukubheka H-Cosmos.ru portal - kuzovela ekuqaleni engu isikhala ngaphambi ngabo bonke ubuhle baso.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.