Izindaba UmphakathiInqubomgomo

AmaShayina Communist Party: base usuku, abaholi, imigomo

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke inhlangano yezombangazwe emhlabeni, obusa ezweni, eyasungulwa ngo-1921 ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-Kuomintang (Chinese kaZwelonke Yabantu Party) futhi ekupheleni amaShayina Yombango. Kuyinto CCP - Chinese Communist Party. LamaKhomanisi kuphela kuze usuhlakazekile kungafaniswa ne isibalo amalungu CCP.

ekudalweni

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, China oboné ukuvelela ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, ukusakaza imibono Marxism-Leninism ngaphansi kwethonya Comintern futhi isimo jikelele eRussia. Ukudalwa iCommunist Party of China uye wayithukuthelisa Okthoba Revolution, ngemva kwalokho iqembu lezihlakaniphi Chinese, wasungula inhlangano entsha. Okwesikhathi esithile kwakudingeka basebenze ezimweni emthethweni. Umsunguli umholi we iCommunist Party of China kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1927, Chen Dus ihlelwe ngisho engqungqutheleni e Shanghai ehlobo lika-1921.

A indima enkulu ekusungulweni kwenhlangano, okuyinto indilinga lencane kwasheshe yaba ibutho elikhulu zezombusazwe, kudlalwa wesibili ka umholi walo - Li Lisan nomhleli emibuthano lokuqala kaMarx Li Dazhao. Ngesikhathi Congress wokuqala eChina, lapho uhlelo isivele ngomumo Communist Party, wathi umgomo wakhe - kuze isakhiwo lokwakuvamile China. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube nesishiyagalombili congresses, owokugcina okwenzeka ngo-November 2012.

Izinkathi Party Umlando

Okokuqala, ne Kuomintang, amaShayina Communist Party yenza isivumelwano ngokumelene wonke amaqembu lezempi - phambili kuqala onobunye. Khona-ke, eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambi 1937, yena ligcwaliswe ngoba amandla kusukela KMT. Kodwa lapho China wahlupheka ubudlova Japanese, le CCP waphoqeleka ukuba buyisana betembusave ukuvula ahlangene umfela ngokumelene Japanese yesibili. Ukuqedela ukumehlula wobushiqela (September 1945), empini eyathatha.

Ngo-1946, emzabalazweni kumelwene nombuso Kuomintang waqala futhi kuze 1949 atholwe izilinganiso yombango. AmaShayina Communist Party wahlasela KMT futhi umphumela lokhu kunqoba athatha izintambo kuleli zwe. Abantu Republic of China yasungulwa. Khona-ke Mao Zedong umkhankaso Cultural Revolution. Yonkhe imitimba lemcoka party kwaba isikhathi kabusha ngokwayo noma zinyamalale. Kuze 1956, eChina ezingacacile. Ngemva kokufa Mao sika Den Syaopin kancane kancane ngasibuyisela cishe zonke izitho zomzimba iqembu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela abantu zabuyela endaweni zikahulumeni ngaphansi kokulawula iqembu futhi.

Izilawuli

I CCP Charter sinika ebusayo esiphezulu party, okuyinto National Congress of iCommunist Party of China obize kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izilawuli. Leli komidi Central, okuyisona esiphethe Politburo zabantu amabili nanhlanu (phakathi kwabo eziyisikhombisa - Permanent iKomiti leKomiti Central), i-main umzimba nezokuphatha uNobhala Jikelele we-CPC Central Committee ngasekhanda - likaNobhala we-CPC Central Committee. Futhi ekugcineni, Central Military Commission of the CCP Central Committee kanye okuphindiwe ukulawula Chinese umkhandlu wezempi.

Njalo iphethe, Abaqaphi, uhlela ukuhamba komsebenzi kanye nezinye ukusebenza General Directorate (Office of the-CPC Central Committee). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona Central Commission, okuyinto kuncike kuphela National Congress, imisebenzi yayo - control isiyalo, siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo futhi ubugebengu obubi kakhulu phakathi kwababusi party. Kukhona kuleli zwe futhi Commission Political-Legal njengoba emaphakathi party uhlaka izinqubomgomo zomthetho nezokuphatha. Political Security Division nemisebenzi ukuvikelwa ngokomzimba of ebhodini zokuphatha Central Security Bureau of iCommunist Party of China .

Congress umsebenzi

umsebenzi loluhlelekile Congress ezimbili: asenzayo futhi avuma izinguquko, izinguquko ku isimiso party futhi ikhetha iKomidi Central LamaKhomanisi of China. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iKomiti Central ngesikhathi plenum ikhetha lo Politburo, kanye Ikomidi futhi noNobhala-Jikelele. Kodwa cishe zonke lezi izinqumo zenziwa eside ngaphambi Congress, lapho kuphela wenza izinkambiso zomphakathi ukuthi bayahamba ukusebenzisa iCommunist Party of China nezinto ezaziza kuqala kuye ukuthuthukiswa wezwe kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo.

CCP - alusona ukuphela ukhiye kwamandla ezombusazwe e China. Kukhona uMkhandlu Wombuso kanye Yabantu Liberation Army. Ilungelo ngenhloso yokuthola ivoti elifanele has the People Political Consultative lenkomfa, futhi 80s eziqhutshwa Central Commission esungulwe Den Syaopinom, esihlalweni CPC abeluleki.

inombolo

ICommunist Party of imfundo China ngo-1921 akuzange athembisa yakhe nebutho yesimanje zezombusazwe kusukela inhlangano kwaba ngendlela emangalisayo ezincane: izihambeli nambili kuphela ukuwo engqungqutheleni emthethweni e-Shanghai. Ngo-1922, inani amaKhomanisi liye landa ngendlela eyisimanga: ziba munye, anamanci asithoba anababini. Ngo-1923, i-CCP olunezinombolo abantu angamakhulu amane lamatshumi amabili, ngonyaka - ezingaba yinkulungwane. Ngo-1927, leli qembu selikhule laba namalungu 58 000, futhi ngo-1945 - weqe million. Lapho kuwa ukungawi KMT, iqembu liye laqhubeka Amazing, abantu 1957 angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu eziyishumi bajoyine CCP, futhi ngo-2000 inani labo abakhulela kuwo bafinyelela izigidi ezingu ayisithupha.

Ngakusasa Party Congress ngo-2002 egunyaziwe reception izinombolo osomabhizinisi, okuyinto kakhulu isibalo sezikhungo abasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iKomiti Central wakhethwa Chzhan Zhuymin, ngubani umongameli we Haier corporation, ukuthi ngokuvamile kuze kube manje ingenzeka kanjani. Ngakho, ngo-CCP wafika abayizinjinga futhi abacebile, ezifana Liang Wengen iqhaza iCongress of the-CPC, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bekatsatsa phezulu endaweni abayizinjinga usezingeni Kumagazini i-Forbes ngo-2011. Manje inani-CPC idlula abantu abayizigidi ezingu-85.

Imiphumela Cultural Revolution

Esikhathini kusuka 1965 kuya ku-1976, izenzakalo China sezombangazwe, okubizwa ngokuthi Cultural Revolution nokuciciyela adale izinkinga ngaphakathi Communist Party, owawungumnyaka iphutha kokubili izinqubomgomo ngaphakathi nangaphandle Mao Zedong.

Abalandeli bakhe abangaphakathi ngosizo abaqotho amayunithi ezempi kanye umfundi intsha njalo yabhubhisa zonke izinhlangano Party, ngaphandle impi, ziyoncibilika iKomiti Party, abasebenzi Party becindezela, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amalungu asebenzayo eminingi, abafundela Politburo kanye Central Committee of the-CPC.

kabusha

Ngemva kokufa Mao 1979 kuphela, izwe waqhamuka kabusha futhi ukunwetshwa lobudlelwano bangaphandle ngaphansi kokuqondisa Den Syaopina - uNobhala Jikelele kusuka 1976 kuya 1981. Okuphokophelwe yi-Chinese Communist Party ishintshile kakhulu kusukela kwaba khona isidingo sezisebenzi sina ukuba nesimanje zwe. Izinguquko kwenziwe njalo futhi kabanzi kuyo yonke imikhakha uhlelo zezombangazwe nezomnotho.

Ngakho, thina cacisa eside hola izindawo, okufanele tekutfutfukisa talelive. Umgomo omusha wabizwa ngokuthi kusungulwe zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ezinezici Chinese, okusho ukuqhubeka yezinguquko nokuvuleka ezweni elingaphandle. UNobhala Jikelele Abakhethiwe ngo-2012 Xi Jinping baqhubeka le nqubomgomo, qinisekisa dlule ibhizinisi wumgomo: imvuselelo yezwe bazokwazi ukufeza kuphela Chinese Communist Party.

ukubusa zezombusazwe

Umklami izinguquko waqala Den Syaopin, ngubani ngokuhlakanipha zenza konke ezingakwenza ukuze uzohlala emandleni phezu izinqubo ezandleni CCP. I kungenzeka iqembu umthamo wayo avunyelwe ngisho ubuso China yesimanje ukwenqaba indlela yeningi futhi ukulondoloza izisekelo wangaleso ngaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi sinqumo kuthonywa Ngokwesibonelo zase-USSR, futhi ngakolunye - izibonelo Taiwan neNingizimu Korea. party monopoly emandleni - ukunikeza iminyaka eminingi isimo ohlelweni China sika kwezombusazwe.

Isiqubulo futhi umgomo omusha, "isakhiwo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ezinezici Chinese" ubonakele ngokuqondene nesidingo yezinguquko, eyenziwa kuvela "phezulu", okungukuthi, izinguquko emphakathini zomphakathi nezomnotho, kodwa, kulandela ukulandelana amandla nasekusindiseni indima olukhulunywa kulelo Party zonke izinqubo. Igama elithi "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni" luyisihluthulelo lapha. Yingakho igama Mao Zedong kwadingeka e China ngeke babandlululwe ngokusebenzisa. Manje, ngenhlanhla umsindo kakhulu futhi nge hlonipho engakaze ibonwe. PDA amandla emuva izimpande zawo.

iqembu intraparty

Okubizwa ngokuthi "Beijing Komsomol" - neomaoisty, ngokuvamile okusuka ezindaweni ampofu, izosebenza ukuthuthukisa emizini yabo ngenxa izifundazwe acebile, ezifana ngasolwandle. Bakholelwa China ungumholi emazweni asathuthuka. Umholi waleli qembu - the owayenguNobhala jikelele Hu Jintao. Esikhundleni sakhe njengoba uNobhala Jikelele - Xi Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe lweli "Shanghai Iqembu", kodwa namanje angena umfelandawonye "Beijing".

Okubizwa ngokuthi "Shanghai abahlangene bodwana ngokucwasa" - Shanghai, le CCP izikhulu umuntu "ukhushulelwa" Jiang Zemin , kuyilapho imeya Shanghai, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wathola okuthunyelwe Hu. Ngemva kokuhamba kwakhe kusukela izindikimba okuthunyelwe wamandla ubuholi bonke CPC wahlala ezandleni zakhe, abantu bakhe sebephumele ngaphesheya yonke indawo. Kukhona olunye uhlangothi iqembu eliphakeme ngokuthi "Old Angenelisekile" abaphikisa kwekuhlela kabusha emakethe.

Xi Jinping

Ngo-2012, Xi Jinping weza endaweni ka Hu Jintao, inhloko iqembu iminyaka eyishumi. Lokhu lokuphakamisa lide kakhulu, "otlozhivalas": iminyaka emihlanu kuze kube manje ibilokhu ngokwethukela wavuma ukuthi kuyoba umholi China sika Communist Party. Khona-ke wathatha okuthunyelwe yesibili - baba usihlalo womkhandlu China zempi.

Kancane kancane "amantongomane" kokuziphatha ngaphakathi zangaphandle some bonke baqaphe. Out, isibonelo, imithetho emisha ngo-2015 ovimba Chinese amaKhomanisi ukudlala igalofu, ukudla noma imigodi ngisho sokuya sihlangane. It is nhlobo ukugxeka umuntu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Ngini ngokuqondile uvala

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-January 1, amalungu eqembu 2016 babe ukufinyelela esenqatshelwe imfanelo, igalofu, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye amakilabhu yangasese. Bona ebekiwe lula zonke izinhlobo zawo futhi isivikelo nokubukisa. Uvala nokhahlo ngempela: ezombusazwe amaqembu iyiphi ayebatshele zona kokunganaki akufanele kube, yisakhamuzi ushintsho kungavunyelwe, unaphakade ukugibela phesheya, futhi, zokuxhumana lolungakahleleki ne-non-amalungu enhlangano hhayi ukusekela (lokhu kuhlanganisa nje omakhelwane emphakathini, ofunda nabo kanye namaqabane-e-izingalo ), nenkonzo yokuhlanganyela ubulili ungayisebenzisi, kulapho bengenayo, "okungalungile" ukuba nobuhlobo bobulili futhi akufanele kube. Ngakho, usihlalo we iCommunist Party of IChina ngokusobala kuhloswe ukwethula entsha elwisana nenkohlakalo umbuso, kanye ukuhlanganisa amandla akhe.

Ukwenqatshelwa wenkolo e-CCP

manje Ukuyeka inkolo sekuyiyona nto eyinhloko abakhathazeka ka wonke amalungu Chinese Communist Party, kuhlanganise ezikade zisebenzela uhulumeni. umsebenzi Isakhiwo yezakhamuzi abaphethe noma besho okuthile okuthunyelwe ezibalulekile, kuncike ukulawula bese ulandela isijeziso ngenakugwemeka oza baxoshwe kwababusi. Ngokusho Reuters, ngisho kudala wesulile esikhundleni sakhe izikhulu ukuba bahlanganyele emisebenzini ethile yenkolo akuvumelekile. Nakuba amaShayina uMthethosisekelo apelwe inkululeko engokwenkolo, iCommunist Party of China eduze elandelayo zonke izisebenzi ngokuvamile amalungu enhlangano.

Esemthethweni iphephandaba yasephalamende China ikhiphe isitatimende somnyango yenhlangano, ke lapho kuthiwa bakahulumeni wangaphambili nazo ziye zibopheke ukuba uyeke lenye inkolo. amalungu Party abakwazi ukuzibandakanya lwezinhlangano zenkolo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, balindeleke ukuba bakwazi simelane lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa okubi. Nokho, kuyinto umsebenzi kuvunyelwe kugcizelela kahulumeni ephathelene nanoma yimuphi bendabuko yobuhlanga Folk zindlela, + uma awahlobene nanoma yimuphi inkolo, ihlelo. izinhlangano ezingokwenkolo Yabantu Republic of China ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, baye wenyukela ngenhla kwamadolo eminyakeni yamuva, yingakho ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu abaholi benkolo ahlukahlukene some, aphethwe ukucindezelwa elukhuni zonke izinhlobo emihlanganweni nezenzo zenkolo.

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