Amasosha omzimba Nonspecific: definition, izindlela, izici kanye nezici

Amasosha omzimba kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi izinto zokuzivikela okunikeza amandla omzimba ukuba simelane nemiphumela engemihle amanxusa zangaphandle. Lesi sakamuva, isibonelo, zihlanganisa amagciwane, ubuthi, amagciwane, imizimba angaphandle. Ngo isayensi ezimbili zama- amasosha omzimba: ethize kanye non-ethize. Lesi sakamuva kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

izici Jikelele

направлен против любого антигена. amasosha omzimba isegazini aqondiswe iyiphi antigen. Umzimba kwema- ndaba angaphandle lwakha impendulo ezanele. Ukusabela kungaba ezingeni humoral noma amaselula. Esimweni sokuqala impendulo is eyenziwe esikhiqiza compounds elwa namagciwane. обеспечивает захват инородных веществ и цитотоксический эффект. amasosha omzimba Non eqondene yeselula kwenza ukuthunjwa ndaba angaphandle kanye nomphumela cytotoxic.

izakhi

) представлены в виде анатомических барьеров, секреторных молекул и прочих компонентов. Non-ethize Ukuvikelwa izici (amasosha omzimba) ethulwa ngesimo izithiyo yokwakheka, amangqamuzana omoya secretory kanye nezinye izingxenye. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa izingqimba EPITHELIAL ka lwamafinyila, isikhumba, bronchopulmonary cilia iyehla iyenyuka bese wamathumbu ukunciphisa. считается врожденным. uhlobo Non-eqondile amasosha omzimba kubhekwa isegazini.

izakhiwo mechanical

формируют различные барьеры для инородных агентов. izici ezingokomzimba zabantu abangewona ama-ethize amasosha omzimba iseli aqashwe yakha izithiyo ahlukahlukene ukuze ejenti angaphandle. Njengoba omunye izithiyo ephumelela kunazo kukhona ebusweni EPITHELIAL. Le migoqo cishe ungenakonakala iningi ejenti. Inkinga yokuqala isikhumba. Desquamation (uyaxebuka) epithelium ikhuthaza ukususwa bacterium nezinye izindikimba ezithathelwanayo. peristalsis emathunjini, ciliary ukunyakaza ukunikeza ukukhululwa umgudu wokuphefumula kanye pheshana emathunjini by nezilwanyana ezincane. Ngamathe futhi izinyembezi, ukugeza umlomo namehlo, ineqhaza ekuvimbeleni izifo. Futhi inikeza isivikelo futhi umgudu mucosa kanye ipheshana emathunjini.

chemical compounds

amasosha omzimba Non eqondene inikezwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo kanjalo zamakhemikhali imiswe phakathi Ukungena ejenti. Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa amagciwane ehlile bedle womjuluko fatty acid. umphumela Angazinzi ku ulwelwesi kwamagciwane babe phospholipase futhi lysozyme ekhona uketshezi acinene, izinyembezi futhi ngamathe. ukukhula Amagcikwane siyehla futhi pH eliphansi uketshezi esiswini kanye ukujuluka. Ifa umsebenzi elwa namagciwane of ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo amaprotheni (defensins) ekhona pheshana emathunjini kanye namaphaphu. Izitshalo evamile kwesikhumba futhi pheshana emathunjini uyakwazi ukuvimbela kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni ejenti pathogenic ngu isizukulwane compounds ezinobuthi noma ancintisane amabhaktheriya lokunamathiselwe ukuba asemoyeni noma izakhi.

amasosha omzimba Nonspecific: ezingeni humoral

Ngokuqinisekile, izithiyo yokwakheka ukuvimbela kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni ezishelelayo ejenti pathogenic siyasebenza kakhulu. Nokho, uma kwenzeka umonakalo izithiyo i-. Lokhu kuvumela compounds eziyingozi ukungena emzimbeni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amasosha omzimba-non-ethize icushiwe ezingeni humoral. izakhi zayo zikhona serum noma buthelela endaweni ukutheleleka kwasendaweni.

uhlelo

Lapho engena phakathi nomzimba we-ejenti pathogenic ocushiwe izindlela zokuzivikela. Njengoba omunye wabo eziphatha nje kokuthi isistimu umphelelisi. ukusebenza kwalo kuhambisana ukugqugquzela phagocytes, lysosomes, ukwanda permeability semithambo. Esinye isimiso esikwazi lihlelo coagulation. It kucushiwe kuye kobukhulu umonakalo izicubu. Ezinye izinhlelo ngemikhiqizo ye nonspecific impendulo zokuzivikela ngokwandisa permeability semithambo. Ikhonza njengabameleli chemoattractants - izinto okuyinto, ngokujoyina ejenti, avuse ukunyakaza kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhiqizo nomthelela imithi elwa nawo. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zihlanganisa i-beta-lysine. Lokhu amaprotheni kuveza platelet ngesikhathi ekunqandeni. Yena lyse amagciwane amaningi Gram-HIV. Transferrin futhi Lactoferrin uxhumano nomsebenzisi yensimbi ezidingekile microbial nokukhawulela ukukhula kwabo. Interferons unekhono nomkhawulo ukufanisana ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lysozyme kuyabuchitha ulwelwesi lwama-bacterium.

Amaseli amasosha omzimba nonspecific

Ingxenye impendulo ukutheleleka umusa ukuhlanganisa eosinophils polymorphonuclear, ama-neutrophil macrophage. Ziya esizeni kwasendaweni kwamagciwane. La mangqamuzana abhekwa emgqeni oyinhloko ukuvikela ezifweni non-ethize. Neutrophil - leukocyte polymorphonuclear ithunyelwa isayithi ukutheleleka kanye bamba amagciwane. amasosha omzimba ongabhubhisa kubo intracellularly noma ukuhambisa ogibeni extracellular. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-neutrophil zinengxenye izicubu ukukhanda bekhishiwe ukutheleleka.

ama-macrophage

Lezi zici futhi unekhono phagocytose (bamba) amaseli pathogenic futhi awabhubhise. Decontamination ejenti ekhiqizwa ezingeni intracellular. Ama-macrophage ifa izici ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, unekhono extracellular (extracellular) ekubhujisweni. Ngaphandle izici ezihilelekile izicubu zilungiswe.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Ngaphandle amaseli ngenhla uhlelo non-eqondile mzimba iqukethe yemvelo kanye lymphokine-isebenze killer cells. Lezo zinto uyakwazi ukubulala isimila ejenti ukutheleleka. Killer amaseli awacatshangwa ingxenye impendulo ukuvuvukala. Nokho, amasosha omzimba-non-ethize, badlala indima ebalulekile. Futhi ekhona eosinophils uhlelo. Amaphrotheni elimbudumbudu zabo ziphumelela ngokumelene eziningi ezidala.

ukuvuvukala

Umsebenzi oyinhloko okunjena ukhonza ukwehlukana eziphilayo pathogenic ubuthi babo ezicutshini ngesinyenyela, bese ukubhujiswa kwazo. Okubaluleke kakhulu e ukuvuvukala kukhona histamine, serotonin nezinye izingxenye eziphila abakhuthele. Isiza ukwanda capillary permeability, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa edema. I samanje ketshezi ekuqongeleleni indawo namanxusa bangabantu neutrophil nama-macrophage, omzimba, umphelelisi. Zinikeza neutralization of amagciwane kanye ubuthi babo. Endaweni ukuvuvukala focus phagocytes. Bakha uhlobo isithiyo evimbela ukusabalala ukutheleleka. Iphinde iqala buthelela fibrinogen. Ukuphendukela fibrin, inikeza ekunqandeni yegazi amancane lymph. Lokhu sidala umgoqo ukuze ukusabalala ukutheleleka yibo. I foci ukuvuvukala kahle liningi igazi. Ngaleyo ndlela ukuqala buthelela imikhiqizo acid umzimba, futhi yehlise pH. It kubathinta kabi ukukhula nokukhiqizwa nezilwanyana ezincane.