Amathangi Japanese we Second neMpi Yezwe: ukubuyekeza, izithombe. Kuhle ithangi Japanese

Japan kwaba bungamandla okuholela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ubukhulu izinhloso amasu labarholi waqinisekiswa ubuchwepheshe eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engu-30 Japanese ngikudalile ezihlukahlukene imifanekiso amathangi, eminyakeni embalwa bengaphumuli, ibambene ngezihluthu Pacific kweMpi Yezwe II.

Ukuthengwa onobuhle entshonalanga

Umqondo yokudala amathangi zabo bavele eJapane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Lokhu kulwa sikhombisa ngokombono izikhali zanamuhla. Njengoba Japanese azange abe umkhakha ayo, kunesidingo sokuthi kukhiqizwe amathangi, bona bajwayelana isikhathi yokusebenza baseYurophu.

Ukuze Tokyo, kwaba indlela ejwayelekile ukuthuthukiswa. Land yelanga eliphumayo amakhulu eminyaka labetibambile todvwa eziphelele, futhi engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX kwesibili kwaqala ukuthuthukisa uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Enhlabathini kwakukhona imikhakha emisha komnotho umkhakha. Ngakho-ke, lo msebenzi ukuze afeze ukuhlola okufanayo nge amathangi zazingamzuzisanga kakade kumnandi.

Eyokuqala ngo-1925, kwathengwa ngu-French Renault FT-18, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa zazibhekwa umshini engcono inhlobo yayo. Le modeli wamukelwa Japanese ebhodini. Maduze, onjiniyela nabaqambi kulelizwe ngomuzwa Western, walungisa ezinye imiklamo yabo umshayeli.

"Chi-INgxenye I"

tank Japanese wokuqala yabuthelwa e Osaka ngo-1927. Le moto okuthiwa "Chi-mina." Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa imodeli yokwenza akalindanga ekukhiqizeni serial. Nokho, kwaba yena owaba ngakho-ke "clod kuqala", okwathi kamuva laba ochwepheshe Japanese liyithuluzi eliyinhloko nezifundo zobuchwepheshe.

Imodeli waba isibhamu, ezimbili izibhamu, isisindo sawo sasiyitalenta amathani 18. Design Its sici kwaba kwemibhoshongo eziningana, lapho izibhamu ukukhwezwa. Kwakuwucwaningo ngokugqamile futsi kwabakhona kuphikisana. tank Japanese yokuqala kwakukhona futhi ifakwe isibhamu umshini ezenzelwe ukuvikela umshini omkhulu ovela ngemuva emotweni. Ngenxa yalesi sici, it beka ngemuva gumbi injini. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi isakhiwo zazilengela akuphumelelanga ngokuya ukulwa ukusebenza. Kamuva e-Osaka sanquma ukuba ayiyeke le nokuqaliswa kohlelo ezinjalo. tank Japanese "Chi-INgxenye I" futhi wahlala imodeli mlando, akukaze kuvakashelwe empini samanje. Kodwa ezinye izimfanelo zakhe ngofuzo imishini, kamuva lasetshenziswa izinkambu kweMpi Yezwe II.

"Thayipha 94"

Ngokuyinhloko, amaJapane amathangi kweMpi Yezwe II ezakhiwa kule 30s. Imodeli sokuqala kulolu chungechunge, kuyinto tokushu Keninsya (esifushanisiwe njengoba TC, noma "Thayipha 94"). Lokhu ithangi unamahlangothi ezincane kanye nesisindo (3.5 amathani). It wasetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukulwa kodwa futhi izinjongo izinsizakalo. Ngakho-ke, e-Europe, "Uhlobo 94" sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi guideshoe.

Njengoba izindlela asizayo zokuthutha TK yasetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla nabantu futhi usizo ngohide. Ngakho embonweni we abaklami Yayiyini injongo yokuqala umshini. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphrojekthi savela ibe imodeli agcwele wezempi. Cishe zonke-Japanese okwalandela amathangi Second neMpi Yezwe, sitholwa njengefa kusukela "Thayipha 94" kuyinto nje kuphela ukuklanywa kwayo, kodwa futhi kusakhiwo. Sekukonke amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-800 kulesi sizukulwane zavezwa. "Thayipha 94" ngokuyinhloko esetshenziswa ngesikhathi ayehlasela China, okwaqala ngo-1937.

Enelukuluku isiphetho kwempi tokushu Keninsya. Ingxenye kwepaki wahlaselwa lezi onobuhle umbimbi, amaJapane enqobile emva-athomu ngamabhomu Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki. Amathangi zazinikezwa amaShayina - abantu sika Liberation Army, amaKhomanisi futhi amabutho Kuomintang. Lezi zinkampani zaziwazonda nomunye. Ngakho-ke, "Uhlobo 94" iminyaka eminingi yokuvivinywa kwi-Chinese Amasimu impi yombango, ngemva kwalokho kwamiswa China.

"Thayipha 97"

Ngo-1937, "Uhlobo 94" wayebhekwa njengoba akusebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho onjiniyela labacwaningi elaliholwa ukuvela imoto entsha - ozalweni tokushu Keninsya. Imodeli ubizwa ngokuthi "Thayipha 97" noma isifinyezo "Te-Ke". Lokhu ithangi yasetshenziselwa empini Japanese eChina, Malaya futhi eBurma kuze ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili. Empeleni, kwaba ukuguqulwa ngokujulile "Uhlobo 94".

Amatilosi umshini lalinamaphayona abantu ababili. Injini wawusegunjini ngemuva, kanye ne-transmission - phambili. An emisha ebalulekile uma eqhathaniswa esasisandulele, kwaba sokuhlanganiswa umnyango wezempi nezokuphatha. Imoto lithole isibhamu 37-milimitha ngofuzo TC.

New amathangi Japanese emkhakheni aqalwa ihlolwe ezimpini ku Khalkhin umgomo. Ngenxa yokuthi babezimisele azisetshenziswa Esigamekweni sokuqala phezu izikhundla Soviet, iningi "Te-Ke" wakwazi ukusinda. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ezikhona ukulwa amayunithi atshalwa kuya neMpi Pacific. Lezi amathangi encane ikakhulukazi ngempumelelo esetshenziselwa kwesimo endaweni izikhundla isitha. Asetshenziswa njengoba izimoto, okukhethekile ukuxhumana phakathi izingxenye ezahlukene phambi. Usayizi ezincane nesisindo ukwenza "Thayipha 97" isikhali esisemqoka elihamba ukwesekwa.

"Chi-Ha"

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi cishe wonke amathangi Japanese kweMpi Yezwe II yasungulwa ngu izisebenzi zale nkampani "Mitsubishi". Namuhla, le womkhiqizo ngokuyinhloko embonini yezimoto ezaziwayo. Nokho, e-30-40-yalolucwaningo izitshalo njalo ukhiqiza imishini okunokwethenjelwa impi. Ngo-1938, "Mitsubishi" waqala ukukhiqizwa "Chi-Ha" - omunye ezinkulu Japanese naphakathi amathangi. Kuqhathaniswa ezazingaphambi kwayo, imodeli wathola isibhamu esinamandla kakhulu (okubandakanya 47-milimitha inganono). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici umlilo eziphambili.

"Chi-Ha" ayesetshenziswa ukulwa ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemva yethula phezu elihambayo. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala empini eChina, azigcina buyindlela ephumelelayo ophethwe amasosha Japanese. Nokho, ngemva ukungqubuzana e-United States, ezadala, i- "Chi-Ha" manje ine nesincintisana sína ukuba ibutho elilwayo. Lezi amathangi babe uthayiphe M3 Lee. Babhekana kalula nazo zonke izimoto Japanese ukukhanya izingxenye ophansi. Ngokuyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi lokhu, amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka amabili nambili "Chi-Ha" njengoba Museum izingcezu namuhla kukhona abamele nedlanzana kuphela lwalolu hlobo.

"Ha-Go"

Uma siqhathanisa zonke amathangi Japanese we Second neMpi Yezwe, kungenzeka ukuhlonza ezimbili amamodeli lesisekelo kakhulu futsi letayelekile. Lona ngenhla echazwe "Chi-Ha" futhi "Ha-Go". Lokhu ethangini is okudayiswayo akhiqizwa 1936-1943 sika. Sekukonke amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-2,300 kwalesi imodeli zavezwa. Nakuba kunzima ukwaba okungcono ithangi Japanese kwaba "Ha-Go" unamalungelo kakhulu kulesi sihloko.

imidwebo yakhe bavela okokuqala 30s ekuseni. Khona-Japanese High Command wafuna ukuthola emshinini kungaba usizo eliphumelelayo mabutho. Yingakho "Ha-Go" ayevelele izimfanelo ezibalulekile permeability njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu ehlanganisa nokuya nomaphi.

"Ka-Mi"

Isici esibalulekile salo "Ha-Go" kwaba iqiniso lokuthi lokhu ithangi Wawugujelwani ukulungiswa eziningi. Bonke babethenga zokuhlola futhi ngenxa yalokho akubona esetshenziswa. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi phakathi kwabo kwakungekho onobuhle ukuncintisana.

Ikhwalithi ephezulu, isibonelo, kwaba "Ka-Mi". Wayengumuntu eyingqayizivele ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakuyizwi kuphela mass ezikhishwe Japanese ithangi elintantayo Second neMpi Yezwe. Ukuthuthukiswa ukuguqulwa "Ha-Go" zaqala ngo-1941. Khona-ke umyalo Japanese waqala ukulungisa umkhankaso ukuhlasela eningizimu, lapho kukhona abaningi eziqhingini ezincane futhi archipelagos. Kule ndaba, kwaba khona isidingo sezisebenzi lokushaya ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. Japanese amathangi esindayo kule msebenzi, usizo bahluleka. Ngakho-ke, Mitsubishi waqala ukuthuthukiswa imodeli ngokuyinhloko ezintsha, ezisuselwa ethangini ezivamile yelanga eliphumayo "Ha-Go". Ngenxa yalokho, amayunithi 182 ka "Ka-Mi" kwakhululwa.

Ukusebenzisa amathangi elintantayo

Chassis wangaphambili ithangi ithuthukisiwe ukuze umshini kungenziwa wayisebenzisa phezu kwamanzi. Ngenxa yale njongo, ngokukhethekile, liye kakhulu okushintshiwe umzimba. Ngoba okwakhe yayo, ngamunye "Ka-Mi" uya kancane futhi isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukusebenza emikhulu yokuqala usebenzisa indluzula elintantayo kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1944. amabutho Japanese siwela Unai - kunazo zonke kwezingu- Mariana Islands. Ekupheleni kwempi, lapho ibutho imperial ongafikanga, kodwa kunalokho, emuva nje, wayeka wakhe kanye kokwehla imisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, "Ka-Mi" zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso yindawo ithangi evamile. Lokhu lula yokuthi design nokushayela libe nezici, wayengumuntu ukwahlukahlukana.

Ngo-1944, isithombe amathangi Japanese, elintantayo nasogwini eMarshall Islands, ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke. Ngesikhathi umbuso kwaba kakade eduze ukunqoba, ngisho ukuvela ubuchwepheshe ngokuyinhloko entsha ukumsiza bahluleka. Nokho ngokwabo "Ka-Mi" kwaba nethonya elikhulu ku-yilabo abaphikisana nazo. tank izindlu elikhulu. It kwaku abantu abayisihlanu - umshayeli, umakhenikha, umdubuli kambayimbayi, Loader nomyali. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga "Ka-Mi" ngokushesha Ubamba iso ngenxa kwezinqaba zalo ezimbili.

"Ji-Hye"

"Chi Lwabo-" wabonakala ngenxa umsebenzi izimbungulu elihlobene ne izici Chi-Ha. Ngo-1940, i-abaklami onjiniyela Japanese wanquma ijahe izimbangi entshonalanga elula ngokukopisha ubuchwepheshe angaphandle kanye nentuthuko. Ngakho, yonke isinyathelo futhi okwakhe we ochwepheshe Eastern bafakwa eceleni.

Waba yini umphumela walesi iqhinga akalindanga - "Chi-Hye" iningi "izihlobo" walo-Japanese kokubili ngaphandle futhi ngaphakathi kwakuwukukhumbuza nozakwabo YaseYurophu isikhathi. Kodwa iphrojekthi seyenziwe sekwephuzile. Esikhathini 1943-1944 biennium. It wadedelwa kuphela 170 "Chi-Hye."

"Chi-Emthonjeni"

Kuchubeka imibono obusingethwe "Chi Lwabo-" baba "Chi-kahle". It babengafani esasisandulele kuphela izikhali ethuthukile. Umklamo nokuma umzimba ayiguquki.

Uchungechunge wayengekho eziningi. Ngesikhathi sigaba zokugcina zeMpi Yezwe II 1943- 1945 biennium. It wadedelwa nje angaba yikhulu "Chi-kahle". Ngokusho umqondo umyalo Japanese, amathangi ababeyoba amandla kubalulekile ukuvikela wezwe ngaleso lokufikela amabutho US. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngamabhomu atomic Zinikeleni lokuqala ukuphathwa isimo kuhlasela angaphandle akuzange kwenzeke.

"Oh mina"

I ovelele amathangi Japanese? Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi phakathi kwabo kwakungekho ekilasini onobuhle esindayo ngokuvumelana ngezigaba Western. Umyalo Japanese ukhetha umshini ukukhanya naphakathi ukuthi kwaba lula futhi esebenza kahle ukusebenzisa ngokuhlanganyela njengesosha elihamba phansi. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kuleli zwe ayikho amaphrojekthi kohlobo bahluke.

Esinye sazo kwakungu-umbono of tank super-esindayo, okuyinto yayigubha igama "O-mina". Lokhu monster zazilengela kwadingeka ukuba anakekele iqembu labantu abangu-11. Imodeli sasihloselwe ukuba isikhali esibalulekile kulokhu kuhlasela okuzayo phezu Union neChina. Umsebenzi "O-mina" zaqala ngo-1936 futhi ngandlela-thile kwenziwa kuze ukunqotshwa iMpi Yezwe II. Le phrojekthi ivaliwe, bese futhi kuvuselelwe. Namuhla abukho idatha okunokwethenjelwa ebangelwe okungenani oyedwa prototype lokhu model. "Oh mina" wahlala phezu iphepha, kanye Japan, umqondo ukubusa yayo zesifunda, esiye saholela ukuba umfelandawonye eyinhlekelele nge eJalimane lobuNazi.