Amazwe - Amalungu ASEAN: uhlu

Lesishiyagalombili Agasti 1967, unyaka kule Southeast Asia kufezeke inyunyana uthi laba inhlangano eyodwa. Amazwe - ASEAN abahlanganyeli ezikhonjwe imigomo emibili lomthetho Association: Ukuze kwenyuswe ukuthuthukiswa kwamasiko kanye nezenhlalakahle nokubambisana amalungu kwenhlangano kanye nokuqinisa ukuthula nokuzinza eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.

Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe entry

Ekuqaleni, amalungu Association ayemahlanu: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines. Kuphela ngo-1984, izwe - ASEAN abahlanganyeli wathatha zaba izigaba zalo State of Brunei Darussalam.

Ngo-1995, i-Vietnam ingezwe ku 1997 - iMyanmar nakwamanye Laos, futhi ngo-1999 - Kambozhda. Okwamanje, izwe - amalungu ASEAN unamalungu eziyishumi Association yakhe. Plus Papua - New Guinea isimo isibukeli ekhethekile.

Okuphokophelwe yi-Association

Inhlangano umsebenzi ngempela inkimbinkimbi, abaningi imigomo: ukuze ujike Ukubuthelela lesifunda maphakathi nezwe ezomnotho nezombusazwe zezwe multi-polar, futhi yilo msebenzi wawumkhulu iyahola, kubalulekile ukwakha khulula ukuhweba zone kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali zone.

Kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle isingeniso bokusetshenziswa kwemali eyodwa kanye kudalwa ngokugcwele uhlobo ingqalasizinda yomnotho. Futhi ukwenza konke okungenhla, kubalulekile ukwakha ukuphathwa isakhiwo ekhethekile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba uqale.

Inkinga yokungabi 1997

lwemali omhlabajikelele nawasekhaya ngenkinga yezimali ngo-1997, ayikwazanga wehluleka kuthinte mpumalanga ye-Asia. Amazwe - Amalungu ASEAN ngaphumelela ezivivinyweni, ngoba obumbi kwaba nethonya elibi phezu Yiqiniso kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Kancane kancane waya eSingapore Brunei, kodwa ngakunqoba bonke ubunzima iminyaka emibili. Amanye amazwe ezakha ASEAN bebelokhu on the esengozini kokushiya Association.

Nokho, "kweshumi nambili" Waqhubeka nenqubo lokuhlanganisa emkhakheni yomnotho, breaking isivivinyo futhi aqinise ukuzimisela Ningamuki isigamu-indlela izinhlelo. Ukumelana kwabo kwavuzwa ekupheleni 1999, eziningi imikhuba emibi wakwazi ukunqoba, futhi, ngaphandle lonke, kube kwaphawuleka ngisho ukuqala ukukhula abanye kwezomnotho, okuyinto kwafinyelela kancane kwabayisithupha amaphesenti ngo-2000.

isakhiwo

Umzimba obuphakeme inhlangano, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo amazwe ASEAN - umhlangano baMazwe ohulumeni, abanquma yonke imibuzo ezinkulu wakhuliswa Association. Lengamela futhi uhlela imisebenzi ye Umhlangano Waminyaka Yonke Ngo, esiqhutshwa ezingeni Ministry Foreign, ezweni badedelane (CFM). Ubuholi lwamanje sizibandakanye kwekomidi elibhekelele, wengamela nguNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphandle yezwe lapho okwamanje kuhlelwe elilandelayo Council Inkonzo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emzini Jakarta isebenza njalo likaNobhala, eliholwa uNobhala Jikelele. Kuwo wonke endaweni yomsebenzi isebenze amakomiti nanye ezikhethekile. Ngaphakathi kohlaka ASEAN ilungu amazwe, okuyinto uhlu ngenhla, wenziwa phezu izenzakalo ezingamakhulu amathathu ngonyaka. Luhlaka lwetemtsetfo uyabuyiswa ngo-1976 (Bali iSivumelwano asekelayo ubungani nobambiswano South-East Asia).

umnotho

Area umnotho eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia basengozini enkulu, ngakho amazwe we-Association labetibambile yomugqa ukuxegiswa nokuhlanganiswa, ngesisekelo Yesivumelwano ukusungulwa khulula ukuhweba ezindaweni (AFTA), isivumelwano Framework ezindaweni utshalomali (AIA) kanye nemvumelwano Basic ngokuphathelene zezimboni nokubambisana izikimu (Aiko) .

Kusukela intuthuko uhlelo has a inketho eside, okuyinto lakhiwa ithimba uchwepheshe lososayensi eziholayo nabezombangazwe, osomabhizinisi kanye abakhuzi bempi, ASEAN ihlele ngekhe kuze kufezwe ubumbano ephakeme kunaleyo European Union. Futhi lokhu: ngokuhlanganisa yasebhange States esihlanganisiwe ngokugcwele amabutho ahlomile futhi amaphoyisa lonke Association, Office ezivamile, like inqubomgomo angaphandle, kwezesayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe ngokulingana. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke izinhlelo lokhu kuthiwa eyakhelwe yena amazwe ASEAN. Uhlu okwamanje olusha, kodwa konke kungenzeka.

AFTA

Ukubuthelela ehlanganisiwe iningi amazwe ase-Asia, Ukuhlanganiswa Izinjongo zomnotho ezifanayo - iyona ASEAN Free Trade Area. Kuyinto "ezivuthiwe 'umhlangano wesine ohulumeni bamazwe e-1992. Ekuqaleni kwakukhona emazweni ayisithupha kuphela, futhi kwaze kwaba ngo-1996, lapho bengena kule-AFTA ASEAN wajoyina Vietnam. Kancane kancane kuze 1999, unyaka ukwakheka wasukuma ukuze ababambiqhaza eziyishumi.

Yimaphi amazwe angamalungu ASEAN - eyaziwa. Futhi yini okunye angajoyina Association esikhathini esizayo esiseduze? Papua - New Guinea lapho ibuke amathemba. I-trade endaweni khulula wadalwa iso umsebenzi wezandla sub-zesifunda, kute kuciniswe naphakathi-ASEAN ukuhweba. izimo kukhula ukuhweba mutual kwakufanele nomthelela ukuncintisana kweminotho zabo. Plus kule - ukuhlanganiswa zezombusazwe kanye uxhumano ukubambisana okunjalo ngisho kancane athuthukile amazwe South-East Asia.

yekubala

Zone khulula ukuhweba kudinga amathuluzi akhethekile kwezomnotho. ASEAN has esivumelwaneni ezivamile ngempumelelo tariff okukhethekile (yekubala). Wonke amazwe iqhaza baye yasayina isivumelwano phezu Singapore isiqongo ngo-1992. Lamukela Umbono Ka-scheme yekubala uhlukanisa yonke imikhiqizo ngezigaba ezine. Eyokuqala - nezinga izimali ukuze zingancishiswa ngokufanele evamile noma yashesha schedule. Leli qembu imikhiqizo 88% of the ngesilwane esifuywayo ayewumnotho wonke amazwe ASEAN futhi namanje uyanda.

Izigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo izimpahla ashaqe uhlu. Omunye wabo izimpahla lebalulekile nat. ukuphepha, ukuvikela sesimilo, impilo nokuphila kwabantu, kanye zezilwane nezimila, zonke ukubaluleka kwezobuciko, ngemivubukulo kanye zomlando. Eyesibili isigaba kwemikhiqizo ze ukuhoxiswa lungekho Ukwehla yamanani ngezizathu kumnotho wasekhaya, kanye ihlinzeka ukwehla landa inani kugcwele lezo zimpahla. Isigaba sesine - yezimbiwa Agricultural - waqale ayifakiwe ngokuphelele kwisikimu yekubala. Kodwa ngo-1995, kuchazwa izimo ezikhethekile zokunciphisa yamanani kulezi amaqembu umkhiqizo.

Industrial nokubambisana

Ukuze andise ukuncintisana kwezimpahla ezikhiqizwa ASEAN esifundeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze ihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kule ndawo kuphela, amafomu entsha nokubambisana zezimboni beye bahileleka. Isivumelwano Eyisisekelo (Aiko) ASEAN ilungu amazwe ngemvume ngo-1996, unyaka.

Ngaphansi kwalesi sikhwama, Aiko senzelwe lokulawula ukukhiqiza, ngaphezu imikhiqizo ezifakwe uhlu ekukhokheni ngaphansi iSivumelwano yekubala. Manje kuphela isetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, kodwa ukungenela kuhlelwe lonke umnotho. Futhi isibalo imingcele ezinhlelweni nokubambisana zezimboni lashintsha. Babé esetshenziswa kabanzi tariff nokungezona izindlela.

Izinhloso Aiko

Okokuqala, i-course ezithathwe ukukhula zokukhiqiza, kwandziswa kwelinani nekhwalithi lekusisa ASEAN amazwe kusuka emazweni wesithathu, le ushona ukuhlanganiswa, ukunwetshwa yokuhweba ngaphakathi, ngcono isisekelo zobuchwepheshe, ukunqoba eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke imikhiqizo ukuncintisana, ukukhuthazwa, kukhula nekutfutfuka izinkampani ezizimele. Isimo ukuze kwakhiwe inkampani omusha ngamunye kwaba iqhaza zezinkampani okungenani ezimbili ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene e khona amaphesenti okungenani amathathu capital zezwe.

Inikeza ezihlukahlukene izintandokazi - oyithandayo tariff amazinga kusukela liqala, onikeza inzuzo uma ziqhathaniswa abakhiqizi lowo ngokusho yekubala, ufike kuleli zinga babeneminyaka embalwa kuphela. Ngaphezu ukuthi izintandokazi enikeziwe futhi lengakhokhelwa - ukuthola infestitsy kuhlanganise. Uma umenzi ngeke ubheke kabusha inkampani ne izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo lulwimi siphelile umkhiqizo wokugcina, Aiko inikeza kokuvusayo eyengeziwe - oyithandayo tariff amazinga kanye ukuhweba kokuvinjwa ezimakethe ASEAN, kuyilapho ukufinyelela ushintsho futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa lilinganiselwe kakhulu.

AIA

Ukudala esishintshashintshayo utshalomali kwakubangelwa Isivumelwano 1998 Framework. Le ndawo ihlanganisa yonke indawo yakwa-ASEAN, kanye nokutshalwa basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle bakhangwa ngenxa franchise: zimali enikiwe ukwelashwa kazwelonke, ekhulula intela, bephakamisa imikhawulo ngezindlela eziningi, ngisho ukutshalwa kwezimali okuvunyelwe emikhakheni ezingafinyeleleki yomnotho, ngaphandle kwalezo ezisebusweni uhlu okungafakwa yesikhashana noma uhlu olubucayi.

I engavamile walesi sivumelwano ukuthi usebenza kuphela ukutshalwa kwezimali ngqo, iphothifoliyo ukutshalwa kwezimali ngaphandle ethinta inhliziyo. Amazwe - Amalungu ASEAN babe umehluko omkhulu ezingeni ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe uthi, ngakho Isivumelwano Framework kuthathwa ikhumbula ukunciphisa kancane kancane Uhlu okuhlukile zesikhashana ukuba ukwehluleka okuphelele - kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu, kodwa kuphela Indonesia, Brunei, ePhilippines, Malaysia, Thailand kanye Singapore - ngo-2010 ngonyaka th. Kamuva bajoyine amazwe ASEAN ukuthi ubusebenzisa i ohlwini eziningi isikhathi eside. AIA Council eseyiqedile uhlu zonke ngonyaka 2003.