Amazwi Old nencazelo yawo. Inani lamagama ubudala Russian

Silulumagama - iqoqo wonke amazwi sisebenzisa. Iqembu ahlukene isichazamazwi angabhekwa amazwi ubudala. Ziyakwazi isiRashiya eziningi, futhi basonta nezikhathi zomlando ezahlukene.

Uyini amazwi vintage

Njengoba ulimi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando wabantu, futhi amagama asetshenziswe kulesi elulwimi zomlando eziligugu. amazwi Old nencazelo yawo ongamtshela okuningi ngalokho zenzakalo zenzeka empilweni abantu enkathini ethile futhi ezinye zazo zazibaluleke kakhulu. Ubudala noma ngaphezulu, amagama kungukuthi ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa esikhathini sethu, kodwa ngikhona nesilulumagama abantu, abhalwe izichazamazwi kanye izincwadi. Bavame ingatholakala zobuciko.

Ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, sifunda ukudlula ezilandelayo:

"Isixuku amadodana anamandla,

Nabangani Gridnitsa okusezingeni eliphezulu

UVladimir ilanga-amadili,

indodakazi ezincane waze wanikela

Kokwesikhulu abanesibindi Ruslan ".

Lapha igama elithi "Gridnitsa". Manje akasebenzisi, kodwa ngenkathi Prince uVladimir, kwakusho ikamelo elikhulu, lapho isikhulu nge retinue yakhe ahlelwe imikhosi kanye emadilini.

historicism

amazwi emidala ukuqokwa kwabo kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokusho ososayensi, bona zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili amakhulu.

Historicism - amagama manje isiphethwe esetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi baphuma ukusetshenziswa imiqondo ukuthi bamele. Ngokwesibonelo, "elingenamikhono", "iposi" zempi "archaisms, njll - lawa amagama asho imiqondo ajwayelekile kithi Ngamanye amazwi, isibonelo, umlomo -. Izindebe, izihlathi - izihlathi, entanyeni - entanyeni.

Enkulumweni lanamuhla, njengoba umthetho, kungukuthi asetshenziswa. amazwi obuhlakani nezincazelo zawo, okuyinto abaningi abaqondi, ngokuba nokukhuluma kwethu kwansuku aziyona into evamile. Kodwa musa zinyamalale ngokuphelele akusebenzi. Historicism futhi archaisms abalobi esetshenziswa iqiniso niyikhulume esidlule abantu, yila mazwi okuwo ukunambitheka kwenkathi. Historicism iqiniso usitshele ngokuthile okwenzeka kanye nezinye izinkathi ezweni lethu.

archaisms

Ngokungafani historicism archaisms amele izenzakalo sihlangana empilweni yesimanje. Lokhu amazwi obuhlakani, netinchazelo tawo musa ihluke evamile kithi amagama, kuphela zizwakala ezahlukene. Archaisms zihlukile. Kukhona abantu abangafani emazwini abavamile nje ezinye izici isipelingi kanye nemphimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, isichotho, kanye nomuzi, igolide negolide Mlada - abasha. Lokhu archaisms ifonotiki. Ekhulwini le-19 babebaningi amazwi anjalo. It klob (club), Stora (kwesihenqo).

Kukhona iqembu archaisms nge tijobelelo yisikhathi, ezifana Muzeum (Museum), usizo (usizo), abadobi (umdobi). Ngokuvamile sihlangane archaisms lucebe, isibonelo, iso - iso, ngakwesokunene - ngakwesokudla Shuitsev - esandleni sobunxele.

Njengoba historicism, archaisms asetshenziselwa ukwakha izwe ekhethekile eqanjiwe. Ngakho, u-Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin wayevame ukusebenzisa ulimi zakudala ukunikeza imisebenzi yakhe bokubanga. Lokhu kuboniswa ngokucacile efanekiselwa inkondlo "umProfethi?".

Amazwi Rus Lasendulo

Rus sidilizwa wanikela okungaphezulu zesiko yesimanje. Kodwa-ke kwaba khona imvelo ethize lucebe, amanye amagama zazo ziye zalondolozwa yolimi lwanamuhla Russian. Futhi ezinye azisetshenziswa ngaso sonke. Sasingena esikhundleni sesidala izwi Russian kwenkathi ukusinika umbono ngemvelaphi izilimi East Slavic.

Ngokwesibonelo, iziqalekiso lasendulo. Ezinye zazo yilezi obugcwele kakhulu izimfanelo ezimbi lomuntu. Joe Blow - yisikhulumi, Ruhm - crybaby Tolokonov ebunzini - isiwula, zahuhrya - indoda singcolile.

Inani lamagama ubudala Russian ngezinye izikhathi kuhluka amagugu izimpande yolimi lwanamuhla. Sonke siyazi ukuthi igama elithi "siganut" futhi "whitefish", zisithinta ukunyakaza ngokushesha isikhala. Old Russian elithi "SIG" kusho iyunithi kulencane kwesikhathi nesilinganiso. Kokunye MIG equkethwe 160 whitefish. I enkulu nesilinganiso amagugu ezibhekwa "ibanga eminye", okuyinto ilingana 1, 4 uXhumano Lweqoqo LokuneBluetooth.

amazwi sidilizwa netinchazelo tawo kuxoxwa ososayensi. zemali sidilizwa ezibhekwa amagama ayesetshenziswa ERussia yasendulo. Ukuze zemali ukuthi kwavela ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili nelesishiyagalolunye eRussia zisuka Arab sompristi, wasebenzisa igama "Coon", "nogata" futhi "usike". Kwakukhona zemali zokuqala Russian - ke zlatniki futhi zesiliva.

amazwi esiphelelwe kusukela 12 nele-13 eminyaka

Oku-Mongol isikhathi eRussia, 12-13 leminyaka, libhekene ukuthuthukiswa bokwakha, okuyinto yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi izakhiwo. Ngokulandelana, futhi kwakungekho-ke ungqimba silulumagama elihlobene ne ukwakhiwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. Ezinye amazwi babaziwa kanjalo ngaleso abasafufusa yolimi lwanamuhla, kodwa ukubaluleka elidala elithi Russian ngoba sonke lesi sikhathi ishintshile.

Ngesisekelo ukuphila Russia wangekhulu le-12 kwaba khona inqaba, okuyinto yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi "Detinets". Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngekhulu le-14, igama elithi 'ezibiyele', elalilisha ngalesosikhathi futhi selisho edolobheni. Igama elithi "ezibiyele" kungaba yisibonelo kanjani ukushintsha sasingena esikhundleni sesidala izwi Russian. Uma ezibiyele ingenye, iyona yokuhlala inhloko yezwe, kremlins ke babebaningi.

Ngekhulu le-11 nele-12 e-Russia ukwakha yemizi nezinqaba kwezinkuni. Kodwa abakwazanga ukumelana ukumelana amaMongol-AmaTatar. AmaMongol, eza anqobe umhlaba, nje alinge inqaba lokhuni. Bama itshe idolobha of Novgorod futhi Pskov. Ngokokuqala ngqá igama elithi "ezibiyele" ivela Tver zemihla e 1317. Kuyinto efanayo nelithi izwi lasendulo "kremnik". Khona-ke zazakhiwe ezibiyele e Moscow, Tula futhi Kolomna.

indima Komphakathi kanye yobuhle archaisms nezincwadi zakudala

amazwi Lasendulo, ingxoxo ka okuyinto evame ukutholakala izihloko zesayensi, ngokuvamile yasetshenziswa abalobi nabahlaziyi Russian ukwenza inkulumo yabo wobuciko bazwakale. Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin esihlokweni sakhe wachaza inqubo ukudalwa "Boris Godunov": "Ngazama ukuqagela ulimi isikhathi."

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov uyasetshenziswa emisebenzini yakhe amazwi elidala netinchazelo tawo kwakulingana ncamashi nokuphila okungokoqobo lapho isikhathi, lapho athathwa. Amazwi zasendulo impela avele emsebenzini wakhe "INgoma mayelana Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich." Lokhu, isibonelo, "Veda", "o, wena goy ESI" Ali. " Futhi u-Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky wabhala imisebenzi lapho amagama amaningi ubudala. Lokhu "Dmitry le Pretender", "Voivod", "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk".

Indima amazwi okuqinisekile zokugcina ezincwadini wesimanje

Archaisms wahlala ethandwa izincwadi kwekhulu lama-20. Khumbula umsebenzi edumile by Ilf and Petrov "I nezitulo Nambili". Lapha, amazwi elidala nencazelo yawo abe ehlukile, ithoni ezihlekisayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, echaza ukuhambela Ostap Bender emzaneni Vasyuki bathole Inkulumo ethi 'indoda uneso elilodwa akazange athathe iso lakhe kuphela grossmeysterovoy izicathulo. " Isetshenziselwa Isonto lwamaSlav archaisms umbala kwesinye isiqephu: "Baba Fyodor walamba. Ngangifuna ukuthi enze ingcebo. "

amaphutha kwesitayela uma usebenzisa historicism futhi archaisms

Historicism futhi archaisms ungakwazi bahlobise kakhulu endabeni eqanjiwe, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo nokuwubuwula iphoyisa liphelile insini. amazwi Lasendulo, ingxoxo zazo ngokuvamile indlela yokuhamba ephithizela kakhulu, njengoba umthetho, asikwazi ukusetshenziswa enkulumweni yansuku zonke. Uma uqala ukubuza umuntu othile owayedlula: "Kungani ebusika entanyeni evulekile kini," engawuqondi wena (ebhekisela entanyeni).

Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba akhulume iphephandaba futhi wathola isetshenziswe ezingafanele historicism futhi archaisms. Ngokwesibonelo: ". Uthishanhloko privechayut othisha abasha abaye beza ukuqhuba" Igama elithi "ungamlahli" kuyinto yinye igama elithi "yamukela". Ngezinye izikhathi abafundi afakwa izingoma zabo archaisms futhi ngaleyo ndlela musa anikele esicacile ngisho aluhlaza cwe. Ngokwesibonelo: "Olga yaphuma igijima ngezinyembezi watshela Tatiana Ivanovna mayelana ukweyisa." Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa igama elidala, incazelo, incazelo, okusho ukuthi kumelwe ukuba kungabantu ngokuphelele ucacelwe.

Obsolete amazwi fantasy yesayensi

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kwakuqala ukwanda okukhulu esikhathini sethu izinhlobo ezifana fantasy yesayensi. It kuvela ukuthi ngo fantasy uhlobo usebenza, amazwi ubudala kabanzi, futhi zisho ukuthini Akucaci ukuthi kumfundi wanamuhla njalo.

Imiqondo ezifana "banner" futhi "umunwe", umfundi angakwazi ukuqonda. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zikhona amazwi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana "Caumont" futhi 'ukugxilisa' linencazelo. Mangisho ukuthi abamemezeli musa njalo vumela ukusetshenziswa okweqile archaisms. Kodwa kukhona imisebenzi lapho abalobi asetshenziswa ngempumelelo historicism futhi archaisms. Isebenza kusuka uchungechunge oluthi "Slavic fantasy." Ngokwesibonelo, amanoveli ka Maria Stepanova 'Valkyrie', Tatiana Korostyshevsky "unina emimoyeni yomine," Maria semenova "Ihluzo", Denis Novozhilov "Far Far Away umbuso. Impi ukuthola ubukhosi. "