Isikhungo, noma ejensi - ukubhala?

Modern isichazamazwi Russian equkethe imigomo ngokwanele eziningi aziwayo, lapho ebhalela amaphutha zingenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba nje kulotshiwe: ukusungulwa noma isikhungo? Lapho benza leli gama? Futhi kusho ukuthini? Indlela? Ukusungulwa noma isikhungo? Ukuze siphendule ngokunembile lo mbuzo, kumelwe ubuyele Umsuka wegama elithi.

Umsuka wegama elithi

Ukusungulwa - igama Lokudabuka Russian. Kuyinto Ibizo ngamazwi lisuselwa "setha" (okuyinto yena, kumele sakhiwa y- isiqalo isiSlavonic Esidala chungechunge, ulayini). Kwaba njalo, khona ungoweqileyo incwadi e!

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaba khona igama elithi "isikhungo" - njengoba isikhungo komphakathi ukuthi unamandla ezithile.

Yiziphi izikhungo

Isikhulu kuhulumeni ejensi - ejensi eqoqa yiluphi ulwazi umphakathi. Isibonelo zakudala zezikhungo zomphakathi kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha Office Tax.

isikhungo kaMasipala kwaba umnyango ukuthi wayephethe lohulumeni basekhaya. Izibonelo eminyangweni kahulumeni kungenziwa ngokuthi izikhungo zemfundo.

Synonyms

Ngo-isiRashiya lanamuhla lahlotshaniswa nokuba igama elithi "isikhungo", noma "isikhungo", kuba inhlangano, isikhungo, indawo yomphakathi, Office. Bakghona itsatfwe "isikhungo" eziyinkimbinkimbi encwadini.

isipelingi

"Yezefundo" noma "izikhungo" kufanele abhalwe isiRashiya? Phela, leli gama akulona yokuqinisekisa. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ngolimi lwethu akakubekezeleli inqwaba ongwaqa ekuqaleni kwamagama - ngakho kaningi uzwa igama elithi "isikhungo" enkulumweni yansuku zonke.

Kodwa imithetho isiRashiya usitshele ukuthi kungaba khona Akungabazeki - "isikhungo" noma "izikhungo". Kahle kubhekwe version kuphela "ukusungulwa" - ngaphandle "e" ezengeziwe. Ukuqinisekiswa kwegama akuyona, ngakho ukukhumbula isipelingi. Kuleli fomu sithola leli zwi amaphepha lanamuhla futhi asemthethweni, kuyindlela kulotshiwe imithombo zomlando.

Ukuvela izikhungo

Ukuvela izikhungo kubhekwe njengento isibonelo izinhlangano zamasiko. I izindawo lokuqala amakilasi abacebile badalwa 1770. Ukuqaliswa ngoba elingenhla ekilasini abantu yakopishwa kusuka izikhungo efanayo British. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane sikhungo lokuqala eRussia, wadala for fun futhi aziphumulele, waba club ngesiNgisi. Wayengumuntu bemthanda izimbongi futhi abalobi isikhathi: NM Karamzin, VA Zhukovsky, IA Krylov babe Ezivamile ekilabhini ngesiNgisi. Ngo Ngokombono ongokomlando, ilungu edume kunayo English Club kufanele kubhekwe A. S. Pushkina. Facilities abantu izigodi yizicukuthwane ngokushesha lasakazekela nakwamanye amadolobha esifundazweni Russian. Kamuva, lezi zadalwa abameleli ezinye izigodi - yomthengisi, isikhulu. Phakathi nekhulu le-19 lapho lo mkhuba yokuqala exhumanisa abantu hhayi izigodi futhi izithakazelo - Chess Club.

Facilities abantu

On the wave Narodnichestvo kwakuyizindawo lokuqala senzelwe umphakathi jikelele ngesisindo. amakhaya okuthiwa zabantu ziye eyenzelwe kumphakathi wonkana. Indlu Abantu Abavamile sika edolobheni Russian yesifundazwe - futhi kuba umtapo nge Room, futhi igumbi ukukufundisa, futhi Sunday School. Lokhu "isikhungo" noma "izikhungo" ngokuvamile iba indawo nemibukiso, kwebhuku, nakweminye imibuthano. Wadala zindlu ngezithukuthuku le zemstvos, abanomusa ezizimele, izinhlangano, lendawo ukuzibusa. Ekuqaleni kwawo-XIX-XX eminyaka abantu ekhaya aseqalile badlala indima ebalulekile emfundweni - isibonelo, Yabantu Indlu Kharkiv umphakathi ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala.

Ngemva Okthoba revolution, indlu abantu futhi amakilabhu abasebenzi 'babe amathuba amasha yokwanda imfundo emphakathini. Ngemva kulwiwa, imizamo kahulumeni amasha okuhloswe ngaso ukusabalala emakhaya abantu ezweni lonke. izindawo okwe akude kwakhiwa izitimela yokususa uthuthuva yamalahle.

imitapo yolwazi yomphakathi

Hhayi ngaphansi kuthandeka kubantu wasebenzisa yonke imitapo yolwazi yomphakathi. Umtapo Slavic yokuqala eyaziwayo Yakhiwa ngaphezulu Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. Ngo xv-XVII eminyaka umtapo ziphakame zezindela esikhulu esigodlweni. Ngemva kokusungulwa imitapo ukuphrinta babé lwemidlalo ye yezindlu zezikhulu nabefundisi. Ngo-1714 ngesinqumo somthetho kaPetru 1 umtapo izincwadi zokuqala kwezwe nokwenkolo kwamiswa.

Ekhulwini XIX imitapo kamasipala sekukhona esihambisana ukusungulwa izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye yesibili. Ngemva 1917, ukuthuthukiswa imitapo kamasipala banikwa ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe azichithile ezingaphezu kuka-40 eziyinkulungwane. Folk amakilabhu kanye imitapo, kodwa ngemuva kokuphela nobutha kanye nezikhungo zemfundo Inethiwekhi ngokushesha abuyiselwe futhi lanwetshwa.

Kanye nezikhungo zomasipala kanye omphakathi atholakele ngokushesha abashisekeli yabo. Ngakho khona nalawa "izikhungo" e Enkulumweni eyayivame, okuyinto okunzima kangaka zilotshiwe ngokungalungile umemezela.

Sicabanga ukuthi kusukela manje kuqhubeke ngeke usho ukungabaza esipelingi izwi. Ukungabaza uhlobo "isikhungo" noma "izikhungo" akusadingeki ukhathazeke ubani - ukuhlola izichazamazwi isipelingi khona iphepha kanye elekthronikhi.