American M16 umshini: Ukucaciswa, ukuqhathanisa nesincintisana

umshini M16 - the ukwakhiwa kwezikhali eyinhloko US Marine Corps kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule. Sample imele omunye ethandwa kakhulu, onobuhle ezivamile ezizishintshayo emhlabeni.

Kusukela kuqale ukukhiqizwa chungechunge kuze kube manje Isikhishwe amakhophi ayizigidi ezingaba ngu eziyisishiyagalombili. Naphezu ukuvela ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa futhi izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene esikhundleni ukuthi ukuncintisana nezinkampani imodeli M16 isibhamu usaqhubeka ukuze ujabulele ezimakethe eye yasakazwa kabanzi. Futhi isithakazelo izikhali ezinjalo asitholakali amasosha professional, kodwa futhi nalabo abamele wemboni civil.

umlando ukuthuthukiswa

Imfuneko sokuthuthukiswa umshini M16 babe imiphumela nophenyo ekhethekile ngesikhathi ALCLAD iphrojekthi zihlose ukuthola izimbangela abantu abalimalayo nabafayo of amasosha US esikhathini kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe I futhi iphele Nempi YaseKorea. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi cishe u-70% ukulimala ezazisemizini amanxeba eziyingozi enkundleni yempi. Izilonda ngezikhali ezincane zaba 20% welinani selilonkhe.

Isiphetho eyinhloko ucwaningo kwaba isidingo ukudala zempi ezilula, esizokwenza ukuba ukuqhuba umlilo okuzenzakalelayo osezingeni elincane izinhlamvu kungaphazamiseki. Icacisa ipharamitha isinyathelo amathuba okuwenza okuhloswe at ibanga amamitha angaba ngu-500.

Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1957, umyalo omkhulu-US Army kwaba kuqale umncintiswano ukuthuthukisa okungcono engasindi sokuzingela ubukhulu esingaphansi 5.5 mm. Phakathi kwezinye izidingo waphawula: kungenzeka kokudubula imodi kokubili single futhi othomathikhi, khona ngokwanele capacious igobolondo esitolo, ikhono Ukungena nangesigqoko ukuphepha buqamama ayi-400.

lonke bacwaninga seyenziwe ubuholi ibutho. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi kube ethembisayo imodeli AR-15 osezingeni 5.56 mm. Ngenxa ongaphakeme mass esangweni izindlela isampula iqembu wabonisa amazinga eliphakeme lokunemba lapho kokudubula impi eziningi olulodwa futhi emigqeni.

Ngo-1964, anhlobonhlobo AR-15 izibhamu zokuguqulwa lwenziwe, ngemva kwalokho wanikwa igama elisha - le-M16 othomathikhi. Kusukela ngo-1996, isampuli wamukelwe ngokomthetho US Army, wayesetshenziswa njengoba isici igiya we-Marine eVietnam. Nokho, ngesikhathi langempela ukulwa sokuzingela wazibonakalisa nezibhamu ngempela alithembekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwadingeka senze ngcono amaningi imodeli.

M16 okuzenzakalelayo: ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini sengozini, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele izici imodeli. Popular sokuzingela othomathikhi has nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• Calibre - 5.5 mm;
• isisindo ibhande ngaphandle izingxenye ezengeziwe - 3.1 kg;
• esitolo isisindo okuvamile (zithululwe) - 117 g;
• isibhamu kanye ubude ilangabi arrester - 991 mm;
• emgqonyeni obuphelele - 508 mm;
• izingalo ubude insabule ezithwele - 1120 mm;
• uhla ngempumelelo - 400 m;
• kokudubula izinga - kuze kufinyelele 950 imizuliswano ngomzuzu;
• isiqalo ichashazi isivinini sokuhamba - 1,000 amamitha ngomzuzwana.

cusp

enza M16 othomathikhi kanjani? Ezezindlu imodeli ejwayelekile kuyahluka inhlangano kahle elula. I umamukeli siqukethe neengcezu ezimbili ezihlukene - phezulu kanye phansi. Bobabili zakhiwe kokuzihlanganisa aluminium workpieces kuzocutshungulwa okusezingeni eliphezulu imishini ukucacisa. Namuhla kukhona amasampula ukusetshenziswa aqukethe umamukeli lonke, nepepper kusuka okuqinile aluminium billet.

Uxhumano izingxenye ezimbili isakhi imodeli wenziwa ukusetshenziswa iziqobosho transverse ngesimo izikhonkwane zazo asuswe kalula kusuka izindlu. Lesi sici kube lula M16 disassembly ukuze bahlanze imisebenzi futhi kuhlelwe izindlela yesondlo izikhali.

Umgomo we operation

I-M16 - umshini, lapho amagesi Propellant ziyaphanjulwa esiteshini emgqonyeni, edabula ngamapayipi mncane ukuthi kunemtselela uzimele esangweni, okungukuthi, ihamba emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yesivalo ijikeleziswa, ngalokho okukhipha bamba kusukela emgqonyeni. Uhlaka esangweni idluliswa bedle ingcindezi asalile elakhiwe ekamelweni. Khona-ke ucindezela entwasahlobo ukufinyela, lapho emikhonweni uyakhishwa kusukela emgqonyeni. Ukuze iwenze ube lula izikhali ashona inqubo, onjiniyela imikhawulo eminye lag yesivalo kule sikhundla labaqaphi elingemuva.

I-trigger indlela

Ngesisekelo isimiso isebenze American M16 okuzenzakalelayo? Photo USM mikhumbi ibonisa ngokucacile ukufana okwedlulele amalungiselelo ukusebenza ngokugcwalisa ingebe brand "Browning ngokuzenzakalela 5." Zindlela operation uhlelo inhlamvu kuyakhethwa esebenzisa DIP (imodeli nezakhamuzi) noma emithathu isikhundla (zempi) ukushintshwa. Lesi sakamuva itholakala ngakwesokunxele ku umamukeli ngenhla isibambo.

Kungenzeka ukufaka ukushintsha abasezikhundleni eziningana. Ngamunye wabo unesibopho ukusebenza izikhali izindlela ngabanye:

• Safe - ukuvimbela osenyameni ngephutha.
• Semi - kokudubula isibhamu esisodwa.
• Auto - kokudubula kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo.
• Burst - ulayini umsebenzi 3 isibhamu (umsebenzi amelwe onobuhle Ushintshe M16A2 futhi M16A4).

emehlweni

Njengoba idivayisi sextant esetshenziswa esingunxantathu phambi kwamehlo. isethi ambalwa Kugcine emuva, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukugcina umlilo olunembile enezimpiko isibhamu namabhomu.

Ekukhunjulwa ecasha isibambo nalapho bethutha izikhali. ukumiswa kwalo kwenziwa ngokushintsha isibalo ukuchofoza ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza ekhethekile, senzelwe ukulungiswa.

Izinketho

Elungiselelweni ejwayelekile, umshini i-M16 yakhiwa izindlela ukuze bahlanze izingalo, okuyinto ahlelwe ihange. Engxenyeni kwesokudla umamukeli has a "rammer" esangweni. Lesi sakamuva isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ongaphakeme ngamandla, okuyinto bunikezwa Yiqiniso entwasahlobo ukubuya.

I-M16 - umshini okungase ifakwe isiqalisi amabhomu 40 mm. zesimanje isampuli aqukethe iziqondiso metallic lokukhuphula izinhlobo ezahlukene yokukhanya.

I M16A2 imelelwa ukulungisa kugqame, okwenza kube nokwenzeka kokudubula kokubili ilungelo kanye ehlombe langakwesokunxele.

esitolo

Ezokudla abashisekeli isiqu kungenxa kuhanjiswa yamuva bakamagazini ezimbili irowu ibhokisi. Njengoba singabona ezithombeni ezindala M16 umshini ekuqaleni eze isampula oversized ezitolo nomthamo 20 imizuliswano. Kamuva, steel kanye ne-aluminium izinhlelo baye zenzelwe izinhlamvu yizicucu 30.

Okwamanje, i-isibhamu ephelele etholakala anhlobonhlobo izitolo nge umthamo ezahlukene: kusuka 7-10 cartridges for namasampula zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa empini, futhi kufika ku-40 izinhlamvu ukulwa onobuhle umnyuziki esetshenziswa paramilitaries.

ukulungiswa

American umshini M16 isibhamu has ukulungiswa eziningana ezinkulu. Kuyinto ngokuyinhloko - a M16A1 isibhamu M16A2.

M16A1 imodeli khulumela i version ngcono izinga isampula inhlangano. Phakathi ngcono ewusizo uzinake ukubukeka mshini "ramming" esangweni ilangabi okunokwethenjelwa arrester, ekuthuthukiseni stem sesikhashana. Ukuqedela imodeli entsha lakhiwa esitolo ezinkulu 30 bafika futhi silencer ngempumelelo uyakwazi abacindezela amaza omsindo lapho kokudubula izinhlamvu ejwayelekile 5.5 mm.

Enye ukuguqulwa - M16A2 - emgqonyeni ifakwe namandla high, ngcono kumadivayisi sextant, Butt wenza ukushaqeka ukumelana polyamide, futhi ibhodi lemisindo entsha. Thanda imodeli langaphambilini, isampuli waqala ifakwe engasindi plastic yokuthenga 30 imizuliswano.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ngesisekelo nokulungiswa ngenhla yasungulwa ngu eziningi izibhamu, izibhamu nezibhamu submachine:

1. M-4 - emifushane, engasindi M16A2 isibhamu othomathikhi nge ngcono kwagcizelela nomlomo ukubopha.
2. M733 - isibhamu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Colt Kommando. It is esetshenziswa US impi amabutho ezikhethekile, imibutho yamaphoyisa njengoba isikhali esiyinhloko othomathikhi.
3. SR-47 - evumela ukusetshenziswa ezitolo kusukela AKM kwenkampani iphinde idilize ezinkulu-osezingeni nezinhlamvu.
4. Barrett REC7 - isibhamu othomathikhi, ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo M16 cartridges for kokudubula yakamuva isampula 6.8 mm ubukhulu.
5. SIG 716 - machine for cartridges ka 7,62 mm (NATO ejwayelekile).

Imibono evamile mayelana nomsebenzi we-M16

Bobabili abasebenzisi kanye nochwepheshe ngokwesiko kuqhathaniswa M16 kanye Kalashnikov nokuhlanganisa isibhamu. Ngemva masampuli ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane beziphawuleka ukusetshenziswa okukhulu ezimpini edume kunazo wezempi.

Kunezindlela eziningana amaphutha, ikhumbula njalo kakhulu futhi eqhathanisa Kalashnikov futhi M16. Okulandelayo, sibheke ezinye zazo.

I kahle kuqala - ezingeni eliphansi ukuthembeka M16. Imfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe umbono babe izenzakalo ngasekupheleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, lapho izingalo US Army wathola kuqala-M16 (umshini kabani izici akuhambisani nezidingo siyaziwa futhi samukelwa ecacisiwe). Ngemva ukuguqulwa iziqu esangweni izindlela usebenzise oyifunayo izinkinga brand cartridges nomsebenzi we isibhamu cishe wanyamalala.

Ezincwadini Russian Usekhona kukhulunywa iqiniso lokuthi i-M16 kudingeka yokuhlanza njalo kakhulu - cishe zonke 300 isibhamu. Eqinisweni, amasampula ejwayelekile bayakwazi kahle ngaphandle isidingo yesondlo, kokuhlala 50-60 izinhlamvu ezitolo.

Eqinisweni, emkhakheni ukukhonza isikhali ngeke kube nzima kuka okufanayo Kalashnikov nokuhlanganisa isibhamu, futhi ezindaweni eziningana ngisho lula. Ikakhulukazi ngoba umsebenzi yokuhlanza kudinga isampula disassembly for izingxenye ezimbalwa. Izenzo ezilandelayo kuyenziwa ukuze isibhamu isevisi:

1. Kukhanywe iphini ezingemuva e owamukelayo. Njengoba izindlela ngakwesokunene kwanele ukusebenzisa igobolondo ezivamile. Khona-ke iziqobosho sikhishwe esikhathini isiqondiso ngakwesokudla.
2. Receiver liyaphuma nezitshalo ngaphambili pin.
3. Ngosizo isibambo induku cocking slide iqembu isuswe, ngemva kwalokho ungakwazi uqhubekele zenkonzo yalo.
4. Umhlangano okwalandela mshini wenziwa oda reverse.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isidingo ukuqaliswa isenzo ngenhla kwenzeka kuphela ngokwanele sina isikhali ukusilaphazeka. Ngokuphathelene yokuhlanza nezinye izingxenye, ngezinye izikhathi sidinga ngamanzi igesi tube. Ngenxa yale njongo, owesifazane osebenza ukuhlanza umphenyi okhethekile noma kaphalafini ezivamile.

Enye kahle siphathelene kusakhiwo komugqa le-M16. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kubangela nokwanda okuphawulekayo iphrofayili umcibisholo esitheni ngesikhathi kokudubula. Nokho, lapho usebenzisa lo layini kwathi ngesikhathi sokudubula ukufihla umugqa ukuphakama emehlweni luyanda amasentimitha 2 kuphela ngokuziqhathanisa-AK-47. Nokho, lapho abaniniyo kokudubula kusuka isikhundla ezithandwa ngenhliziyo ephelele. sokuzingela ezitolo ezincane obujwayelekile ipharamitha esibekiwe futhi kancane.

Kukholakala ukuthi i-M16 okuzenzakalelayo ayizwakali noma asifanele ngokuziphatha ukulwa bengahlomile. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu umbono kweqiniso, kubalulekile ukuba banake layout zonke ukulungiswa sokuzingela iziqobosho esikhethekile ukufakwa insabule ngaphansi emgqonyeni.

Yiqiniso, nohlobo izinto asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni futhi inhlangano izici unganiki operation isampula ongqongqozayo aphume endizeni ngesidunu noma ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali njengoba Scrap. Nokho, e-Melee manje kuyaqabukela kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukulwa langempela, i-M16 ungakwazi ngempela ngempumelelo ingasetshenziswa ngalezi zinhloso. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi elihamba abavamile, ngaphandle ngezibhamu, ekhishwe somsebenzi, okuyinto isixazululo eliphezulu kokuqhuba izimpi uhla close.

Ekuphetheni

Njengoba singabona, isithunzi American M16 isibhamu kude yokuntula zayo. Akumangazi ukuthi uchungechunge imishini yazuza isimo inombolo isikhali 1 hhayi kuphela e-US Army. ukulungiswa abahlukahlukene isampula ejwayelekile ngempumelelo baphathe inkonzo yabo emazweni amaningi EROPA, I-Asia ngisho enkonzweni kwezinye izifundazwe.

Okwamanje, olugunyazwe abaphathi abaphezulu-United States ngenkuthalo abasebenza ukudalwa ezintsha ezizishintshayo uyakwazi yesimanje othomathikhi M16 push ubala. Naphezu kwalokhu, izibhamu alo mkhaya namanje ayikwazi kwisevisi futhi esetshenziswa-United States ngo-amabala ezishisa zomhlaba.