KumiswaIndaba

Lydian umbuso endulo

Lydian umbuso wasendulo wayeyisizwe esikhungweni engxenyeni esentshonalanga, inhlonhlo ye- Malaya Aziya. Ekuqaleni kwawo-I neyesi-II zeminyaka kwaba ingxenye kwelinye izwe elinamandla - laseFrigiya elisegqumeni. Ngemva kuyadamba kanye nokuwohloka uLidiya wokugcina waba ibhizinisi esizimele. Inhloko-dolobha yaso okwakuseduze layo umuzi laseSardesi, esisogwini lomfula Pactolus.

umnotho

Buyachuma umnotho Lydian umbuso buboshwe ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezolimo. Imifula-Asia Minor zalisa inhlabathi yakhe daka futhi kwenza kube evundile kakhulu. Emithambekeni izakhamizi wezwe watshala umkhiwane, amagilebhisi nezinye izitshalo ezibalulekile. Ezigodini emifula yaqhakaza ekutshaleni okusanhlamvu.

Isikhundla ezindawo zombuso Lydian wayebuye eyeseka izinkomo zokuzalanisa amahhashi, okuyinto waziphatha amadlelo enkulukazi. Esinye isici esibalulekile isimo umnotho lasendulo - yokusansimbi. Ngo-Asia ezimayini Minor igcinwe izinqolobane ezinkulu ngesiliva, insimbi, zinc nethusi. Pactolus River ngokuphelele ngokuthi "igolide" (ku usebe lwawo ngobuningi yonkana okuyigugu eyigugu). AbaseLydia nje kuphela amakhosi nezwe elivundileyo. Bafunda indlela kukhishwe igolide emadwaleni bese uhlanza it eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, amasu kanye namathuluzi.

Yezokuhwebelana kanye yezandla

AbaseLydia bakwazi ukwenza izingubo ezinkulu, izigqoko ukunethezeka izicathulo. zobumba yabo edumile elaseMedithera (ikakhulukazi odongeni amathayili nezitsha ngesineke). LaseSardesi ayenza izitini okuqinile, nezinye abadumile ocher upende anemibala namaphunga ahlukahlukene.

Kutholwe lapho kwakuphambana khona Eastern nesiGreki imihlaba lasendulo, umbuso Lydian wahola ukuhweba asebenzayo futhi lesi sikhundla esinemali. abathengisi zalo zazikunye idume solvency zabo, eye okukhulunywa ngayo ngokuphindaphindiwe emiBhalweni abalobi basendulo. Ngo uLidiya weza kanye nabadayisi basemazweni okufika - zazakhiwe ehhotela ukhululekile. Leli zwe besilokhu kubhekwe lapho kwazalelwa khona uhlamvu lwemali - indlela entsha elula ukudayisa ukwelashwa. Kubalwa imali ezihlukahlukene izinsimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi seNkosi Gyges babe zemali kusuka ingxubevange ngenhlanganisela engokwemvelo yegolide nesiliva - electrum. AbaseLydia uhlelo yemali kwasakazekela kubantu bonke emazweni angomakhelwane. It wasetshenziselwa nasemizini yesiGreki Ionia.

umphakathi

Ezinethonya kunazo umphakathi ungqimba Lydian ayenezigqila, ababehlanganisa elite sabapristi nakwezempi, abanikazi bamazwe acebile, abahwebi abacebile. Ngokwesibonelo, uHerodotus wakhuluma Aristocrat Pythia ezithile. Wayenothile kangangokuba waze wanikela kuya umbusi wasePheresiya nangokuthi uDariyu I umvini segolide Nemisikhamori. I wohlanga olukhulu efanayo wahlela okuphuma phambili reception uXerxes, uya impi esiGrekini lizisho.

Lydian umbuso wakuthola izintela, wethulwa yomcebo yasebukhosini namathempeli. Thina uzisebenze ikakhulukazi abelusi, abanikazi bamazwe encane, ababazi. Ezansi izinceku isitebhisi yezenhlalakahle kwaku - ngasese, ithempeli, njll ...

isimiso sezombusazwe

ULidiya kuyinto ohlanga zakudala Yezwe Lasendulo. State wabusa yinkosi. Wancika ibutho kanye nonogada abaqotho. I-Lydian butho ikakhulukazi idume izinqola zabo nabamahhashi. Ngezinye izikhathi amakhosi yakhetha izinceku Amasosha kusukela phakathi omakhelwane: i Ionians, Carians, Lycians. Ekuqaleni, indima ebalulekile impilo yezwe odlale umhlangano ethandwa. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla is eyodwa, namakhosi saphela banake umphakathi obabheka ngayo.

Lydian umbuso endulo, ongakabi ngiyilahle izinsalela zakudala kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe: emasikweni okhokho, ekusebenziseni ngezizathu tribal sokuhlukanisa, umthetho ubudala kakhokho umthetho, njll Kodwa ngisho nala amaphutha ungazange uvinjelwe kuleli zwe langena yobudala yayo yegolide eminyaka VII-VI BC .. . e. Ngaleso sikhathi umbuso imithetho Mermnadov lwamakhosi. Umsunguli wawo kwaba Gyges. Wabusela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-VII leminyaka. BC. e.

inkosi Gyges

Gyges wayevela ezihloniphekayo, hhayi njengelive ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini. Yambamba amandla umbuso esigodlweni. Le nkosi Lydian umbuso wawungowami onamandla kunayo bonke ababusi wezwe, efana amandulela futhi owamlandela. Gyges ukungezwa Amandla akhe eMisiya, eTrowa, kanye ingxenye Caria futhi naseFrigiya. Ngenxa leli AbaseLydia waqala ukulawula ukufinyelela nemizila ebalulekile kwezohwebo zasolwandle kanye sokuhlupheka Black Sea.

Nokho, ngisho impumelelo kokuqala Gyges ahlale akuphelele aqala ukunqoba ephindelela olwengeziwe. Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba Lydian umbuso, umlando lapho iphindela amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, kwaba ukuphuma Aegean Sea. Imizamo yokuqala ukuwina kule isiqondiso izinqubomgomo ngesiGreki eSmirna eSamo naseMilethu kuhlulekile. Kodwa Gyges ephethwe ukuze nginqobe Magnesia futhi isigcino, ilungu Ionian League. Nakuba inkosi Lydian walwa ezinye izinqubomgomo, kwakungelona isitha amaGreki zonke. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Gyges wathumela esivulekile ukuze Delphi, futhi zigcinwe kobungane nobudlelwane nge abapristi Hellenic unkulunkulu Apollo ezaziwayo.

Ubudlelwano ne-Asiriya

Western angaphandle Politika Lidii kuphumelele. Kodwa eMpumalanga ke bahlushwa ukwehluleka. Kulesi isiqondiso kuleli zwe wasongelwa buphele aseKhaphadosiya Cimmerian izindimbane. Gyges wazama niwunqobe eKhilikhiya nase ukufinyelela ogwini empumalanga yeMedithera.

Eqaphela ukuthi yedwa Umphikisi esesabekayo akakwazi ukubhekana nesimo, inkosi kuvikelwe ukusekelwa yase-Asiriya. Nokho, ngokushesha washintsha umqondo wakhe. Gyges wathola ezinhlanganweni ezintsha - eBhabhiloni naseGibhithe. Lezi iinkhathi ziye zafuna ukubabulala hegemony engumakhelwane Asiriya. ULidiya bajoyine mfelandawonye wokulwa umbuso. Nokho, impi, ebilahlekile. Cimmerians baba umbimbi ehlaselwa abase-Asiriya kwathi ifa Gyges. Kwenye yezimpi wabulawa. Nomads ethumba laseSardesi, inhloko-dolobha yombuso Lydian. Zonke dolobha (ngaphandle lalinjengenqaba ungenakunqotshwa) zasha. Kuyinto kule lenqaba wakhonza owalandela Gigosa - Ardis. Kamuva, besusa usongo Cimmerian. Inani ukuphepha ngalinye yayiphezulu - ULydia baba sincike Asiriya elinamandla.

Impi nge Media

Empumalanga, u-Ardis ngokungafani Gigosa wahola inqubomgomo angaphandle baqaphe futhi kunokulinganisela yini. Kodwa waqhubeka ecasula entshonalanga. Engxenyeni BC VII nekhulu lesibili leminyaka. e. ULidiya wayengumproselithe esalwa eMilethu futhi Priene, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Njalo emzini waseGrisi wakwazi ukuvikela uzibuse.

Phakathi nalesikhathi, ngaphansi ucindezelwa omakhelwane bayo wawa uMbuso Wase-Asiriya. amakhosi Lydian wazama ukusizakala ke ukudlulisa igunya yayo ezisempumalanga ye-Asia Minor. Lapha banayo imbangi entsha - Midia. Impi abanolaka kakhulu phakathi imibuso emibili kwavela eminyakeni 590-585. BC. e. Isiko impi lokugcina lomkhankaso, uthi kwesokudla ngesikhathi sempi uqalile ilanga lisitheke. Futhi AbaseLidiya amaMede babe ekukholelweni ezeni. Ngokuqina lomkhuba yezinkanyezi njengoba ngcolile bika aphosela phansi izikhali zabo okukhulu.

Kungakabiphi, dweba thula vumelwane, ukubuyisela isimo esikhona (nomngcele ophakathi imibuso emibili kwaba umfula Galis). Isivumelwano waqinisekiswa umshado dynastic. indlalifa ethandwa yinkosi Astyages esizayo washada Princess Lydia. Emhlabeni esifanayo, Cimmerians bagcina bexoshwa e-Asia Minor.

Ukuwa kwe-imibuso

Esinye isikhathi ukuchuma nokuzola ngezinga uLidiya wafika ngesikhathi sokubusa seNkosi uCroesus eminyakeni 562-547. BC. e. Waqeda umsebenzi ababengaphambi zabo futhi enqoba amazwe ngesiGreki entshonalanga ye-Asia Minor. Nokho, ekupheleni wokubusa le nkosi uLidiya wayengumproselithe endleleni ukuqhubeka ukunwetshwa yimpumelelo yasePheresiya. Ngobusuku obandulela i impi ngenakugwemeka nge Umphikisi esesabekayo uCroesus angena umfelandawonye Athens, Sparta, iBhabhiloni neGibhithe.

Ukuze ukholelwe bona, uCroesus yena yahlasela yasePheresiya kwakungekaNkulunkulu eKhaphadosiya. Nokho, wehluleka ukusungula ukulawula isifundazwe. AbaseLydia zinhlanga futhi abuyela ezweni lawo. Inkosi yasePheresiya uKoresi II Elikhulu banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukumisa impi, futhi ayehlasela ezweni elingumakhelwane. Wathatha uCroesus isiboshwa, inhloko-dolobha yombuso Lydian bawa futhi, kulokhu unaphakade.

Ngo-547 BC. e. ULidiya elahlekile uzibuse futhi aba yingxenye entsha yoMbuso WasePheresiya. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka umbuso kwamenyezelwa kombusi. abantu Lydian kancane kancane elahlekelwa ukuvelela kwawo futhi ihlanganiswe ne bezinye izizwe e-Asia Minor.

Isiko, ubuciko, inkolo

Lydian isiko wayengomunye walaba eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Abantu bakhona baye wadala zamagama abo. Lokhu lokubhala kuningi ababefana nge esiGrekini. Nokho, kuphela ephethwe wokufunda Abavubukuli ezikhathini zanamuhla.

Izakhamuzi laseSardesi neminye imizi imibuso lasendulo walithanda dancing lixuku, lempi imidlalo Gymnastic kanye ball imidlalo, ama-cube kanye dice. Famous Lydian umculo, kuhlanganise Folk songs, futhi Lydian amathuluzi zihlanganisa namasimbali namasimbali, izimpondo, imitshingo, rattles kanye lira polychord. Ukuze ngempucuko yasendulo kwaba enkulu intuthuko kwamasiko. AbaseLydia hhayi kuphela banolwazi yobuciko, kodwa futhi kwadingeka odokotela oluvelele.

Babusi yombuso wasendulo bangcwatshwa emathuneni. Nokho, ubuciko ukwakha inqaba kahle futhi uvikeleke yasungulwa. Izakhamuzi lizwe bakhela lonke ichibi. Lydian art donated ke izwe Jewelers abanamakhono abesebenze kokubili amatshe ayigugu, futhi ne crystal. Lokho-ke idluliselwe ezinye emasikweni isiko lamaGreki aseMpumalanga.

Lydian onkulunkulu lalinabashumayeli konkulunkulu abaningi. Ikakhulukazi labo ohlonishwayo zazifakwa lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa ukufa futhi evocations (Attis, Sandown, Sabazios). Amakholwa ihlelwe behlonipha umhlatshelo wabo. Ethandwa kakhulu wajabulela uMama oMkhulu noma uMama WoNkulunkulu, okuyinto kwakuhambisana nezinga sehlelo wenzalo nempi.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.