Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi.

Impi Eminyakeni Eyikhulu ', okwaqala ngo-1337 kuze kube ngo-1453, phakathi eFrance naseNgilandi, lwaba isenzakalo esivelele omude kunayo yonke bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa emlandweni imibuso emibili. Eqinisweni, bekungelona impi, kodwa imikhankaso eziningana lempi, kushintshana nokubuyisana. Umehluko phakathi naseFrance azalelwa emuva ngo-1066, lapho uNorman Conquest, lapho inkosi yaseNgilandi, ekubeni ngesikhathi esifanayo wohlanga olukhulu etusekayo France, bathatha ngodlí i izindawo eziningi ezweni kulelizwe. Amakhosi yeFrance, bebona ingozi, bezama ukumisa ukunwetshwa ezibonakalayo British. Kuchubeka lengxabano olungapheli waba Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi.

Izigaba Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi

Impi Eminyakeni Eyikhulu 'zingahlukaniswa zibe 4 izigaba eziyinhloko. Esokuqala sasithatha '23 - isimemezelo impi , iNkosi ka-England , Edward III ukuba lokho kuthula limenyezelwe 1360 e Bretigny. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, France kwaba eningi yokunqotshwa ezimpini. Izinsuku zokuqala kwempi, ekwindla ka-1337, kuphawulwa kuqala laseNgilandi Picardy. Khona-ke kwaba khona uchungechunge ngokunqoba British - ukunqoba lezindiza ku 1340 lapho Sleyle, e 1346 at Crecy, futhi 1356 eyizibulo Edward III, inkosi yase-Wales, wethiwa "Black Prince" ngenxa yebala yezikhali zakhe, wahola ukuthunjwa King uJohn II. Phakathi nalesikhathi sokuphela empini eFrance kwaba Paris kuvukela, futhi 1360 a kuthula kuphothuliwe e Brétigny, lapho French elahlekile emazweni aseningizimu Loire, okuyinto ingxenye yesithathu yezwe, port Calais.

Isigaba sesibili eyathatha iminyaka engu-27 - ne 1369 i 1396. Phakathi nawo-70s kwekhulu le-14 le-French yakhululwa ingxenye enkulu yezwe labo. France lidlule kwavukelwa kubangelwa ukunganeliseki lidumile izintela ezimba eqolo. Izwe ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ukubuyisa kakhulu, iMpi Eminyakeni Eyikhulu kwabhebhethekiswa yizingxabano zemibango amaqembu izinduna ezweni Armagnac futhi Burgundians, lidlule ku yombango. Lokho kuthula ukuthi eyenzekile 1396, wanikeza Breather ukuba zombili izinhlangothi iminyaka engu-18.

Isigaba sesithathu kwaba kudlula ngokushesha kakhulu, ngoba wawuqala 1415 futhi 1420 kwaphawulwa onqobayo ezinkulu WaseBrithani omusha. Henry V, King of England, yanqoba ezindaweni eziningi France, eNormandy abehlula ibutho French ngo-1415 ngesikhathi Agincourt. IFrance nithenge ngaphandle kwemali nangaphandle empini, umbango owawuphakathi kwalezi Armagnac futhi Burgundians ukuhlukanisa izwe. umhlaba Independent eNgophezukonke empumalanga nasenyakatho waseFrance UMbusi Burgundy angena umfelandawonye British, futhi 1420 emhlabeni of Troyes Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi kwabo lapho uHenry owesihlanu ibamba French. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibamba wajoyina emshadweni Catherine, indodakazi yeNkosi UCharles VI, owawusekelwe ngokoqobo inyunyana nemiqhele. INdodana UCharles VI engalali amalungelo patronal.

Isigaba wesine wawuqala 1420 kuya 1453, futhi uye waba ibaluleke kakhulu futhi zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho. Ngo 1422 Korol Karl VI wafa Regent, uHenry V, futhi uMbusi Burgundy, kanye British yamemezela iNkosi ka France naseNgilandi, indodana Regent futhi Princess uHenry VI. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, zibancishe amalungelo efeni Dauphin Charles, indodana yenkosi langaphambilini, Charles VII ka yazibeka, inkosi yakwa-France. EFrance waqhekeka waba izingxenye ezintathu: ezweni unqotshwe British ngaphansi kokubusa kukaHenry V, endaweni ngaphansi kwengcindezi zombusazwe UMbusi Burgundy nezindawo eningizimu, waqaphela Charles VII igunya. Ngo 1428 the Burgundians, kanye British evimbezela Orleans, okwakuwuphawu ngokusebenzisa ithikithi ezweni eningizimu yeFrance. Kuleli qophelo, empini bajoyine labantu, futhi ukunyakaza kwabantu, okwakubekelwa eliholwa Joan of Arc, ekuqaleni yokukhululwa France. Ngo 1429 Orleans wadedelwa futhi yaba yisikhungo soshintsho Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi. Ngo-July ngawo lowo nyaka ngikweluleke ebekiwe umqhele Charles VII. UMbusi Burgundy uphambukile ukuze inkosi entsha e 1435, namabutho British kusukela zazingasasebenzi kakade zase zixoshwe e 1436, futhi kamuva bakweminye imizana eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye nezinqaba. Ehlobo lika-1451 empeleni Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi seliphelile, kodwa ekwindla ka 1452 eBritish bazama uwine emuva eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance, Bordeaux ashaqe inqaba abanye Guienne. Charles VII entwasahlobo ka-1453 mathupha wahola ibutho ukuze kukhululwe eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe. Ehlobo lika ngonyaka ofanayo, amaFulentshi wanqoba amabutho aseBrithani at Castillon futhi Châtillon. Futhi ngo-October, ikampu French umaluju okubhekenwe Bordeaux - Okthoba 19, 1453 waba usuku beqeda Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi.

Ukunqoba France eMpini Eminyakeni Eyikhulu 'kwakusho hhayi kuphela nokuqedwa England ezweni kanye ukukhululwa abanqobi njengoba yinye yeFrance, ukusungulwa kwesiGungu kazwelonke kwesimo eqinile. Imemori ye-impi ahlale ezinhliziyweni French, njengoba izingxabano ezishubile phakathi kwezingane imibuso emibili emikhulu, ukuba izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinobudlova, kancane kancane esikhuthaza ukwazi kazwelonke kanye omoya abantu French.