"Ash" (ngwenya). ngwenya yezinhloso eziningi enuzi Project 885 "Ash"

Njengezinye nezempi, ngwenya emhlabeni ngokomlando ehlukaniswa izizukulwane eminyakeni ukukhululwa. Kusukela "Nautilus" futhi "Leninsky Komsomol" ukuze yesimanje nangomcibisholo aphethe multi-purpose ephansi umsindo "Sea Wolf" futhi "Boreas" hhayi lidlule kwamashumi ayisithupha kuphela, phakathi nalesi sikhathi sishintshile saba emine isizukulwane ngwenya imikhumbi yenuzi-powered. On izingalo Navy Russian isivele "Severodvinsk" (K-560) Project 885 "Ash", umkhumbi ne isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi ezizukulwane ezine. Wabeka ezintathu ngaphezulu umkhumbi efanayo ( "Kazan '," Novosibirsk "futhi" Krasnoyarsk "), ku-oda ezintathu. Kuyoba okungenani eziyishumi kuya ngaphambi kokuphela kweminyaka eyishumi, ngokusobala. I amasheya sehla umkhumbi ezintsha zenuzi, isithombe, ethumba lo mcimbi, eshicilelwe abezindaba emhlabeni wonke, ngezinye izikhathi imibono wusizo, kodwa ngaphezulu njengomfanekiso echaza umsebenzi ezikhulayo wezempi e-Russia. Mhlawumbe kulokhu kubuka ulungisiswa, kanye nezwe lethu, zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali, okubonisa izinhloso nolaka? Une ukuqhathanisa, isibonelo, ingcosana amabhajethi ezempi kanti imikhumbi kwengoma.

Imigomo Nezindlela Izinhloso

Isimo samanje emhlabeni, naphezu yokuntuleka ngxabano ngemibono isidluliselwe ezingeni "hot", okungafaniswa kwesikhathi pre-impi, okubhekwe le-Cuban missile crisis. inqubomgomo Independent bezingelwa kobuholi izithakazelo waseRussia geopolitical ekumeleleni lizwe, kubangela ukucasuka "abangane waseNtshonalanga." On isibonelo amanye amazwe, edwengulwe zombango, kuzenza zibe zimbi nakakhulu umnotho ukucekela ngokuphelele, muntu ongazahlulela izinhloso nezifiso amabutho angaphandle ukuba uthathe noma izinyathelo, kuhlanganise oqondile ukungenela ezempi, ukuze bafinyelele imigomo yabo. isigaba Yesikhashana izenzo ezinjalo nolaka kuphuma ingcindezi zamanxusa, kulandele izinsongo amandla. Amasosha Isabelomali USA omkhulu, it is impela usezofika ezingeni yezinkanyezi kanye okungakaze kubonwe 700 billion. Dollars. I Russian Federation awukwazi imali ukuvikela imali engaka, ngakho abiza ezingaphansi kwenani ekuphenduleni usongo engalingani. Imikhumbi-ngwenya iphrojekthi "Ash" - isibonelo indlela amasu, safinyelela ngaphansi okuyinto silinganiso yamukeleka ngaphandle izinkinga ezingokwezimali kuphela. Nakuba bezisholo ukuthi zishibhile, futhi, ngeke sikwazi.

Umlando kwesizukulwane sesine

Ukubukeka kwamagceke oyisizukulwane sesine ngwenya yenuzi, ngokuvamile, kwakheka yoma ngasekupheleni. Yize udweshu phakathi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali kungukuthi simaskwe ngokukhuluma ngezinzuzo intando yeningi, kwaba ka ngempela frank ukungqubuzana ezingahlangani phakathi izinhlelo ezimbili kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. The main US isikhali asolwandle babe abathwali izindiza, samuntu wonke Western ngayo amandla ezempi. Eyesibili "inkemba" eyasongela eSoviet Union, uthathwa njengoba Premier League. Mayelana nalezi zimo ezimbili enzima ngwenya yenuzi isizukulwane zakamuva dudula kungenzeka ubudlova kungaba kwakuthiwa abe imigomo emibili eyinhloko: ekulweni abathwali izindiza esindayo, owaphuma nge nothile lapho bevakashela iziguli, futhi wabhubhisa ngwenya isitha. Ungengeza futhi omunye umsebenzi obalulekile: isicelo ukuziphindiselela yibhange. ESoviet Union wenza isibopho ngowokuqala zenuzi azisebenzi. Bahlele ukuyisa udale esinye hlobo lomkhumbi kwamanzi, jikelele, okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi i-multi-purpose. Kuyinto ngwenya enjalo futhi Project 885 "Ash", ehlanganiswe kwensimbi emva nokwahlukana zase-USSR, ngekhulu xxi. Isimiso sezombangazwe osekushintshile kuleli zwe. isitha Abazama azishintshile.

Ukuhlanganisa kanye universalization

CB "Malachite" eSoviet Union kule zamashumi amahlanu wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa ngwenya emisha nge ngamandla enuzi. I ngwenya emisha yasungulwa khona lapha eLeningrad. imishini oyisizukulwane sesine kungunyaka imibhalo ukukhululwa ubunjiniyela hhayi kuphela. imibono isicelo eziningi, futhi bangabenzi kuNkhundla nemvelo futhi baxoxela izici enqophileko. I Navy Soviet bexhashazwa eziningi amaphrojekthi ngwenya, okwenza kube nzima ukuzilondoloza, ukuqeqeshwa iqembu, belungisa izinto, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngokwaso. Kube enengqondo umqondo based ubunye ngwenya design ukuze enze imisebenzi eminingi, ngaphambilini eyayitholakala kuphela imikhumbi ezikhethekile, noma okungenani ngesisekelo isampula olulodwa ukuze bakwazi ukwakha amayunithi izinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu ngwenya yenuzi-powered futhi ashibhile (ntu mali eSoviet Union wazama ukusindisa), futhi ukuqeqeshwa iqembu lula.

umzimba Isigamu - kunjani?

PL Ezivamile, udizili noma zenuzi zakhiwa ilungiselelo classical siqukethe umzimba okuqinile equkethe wonke lamakhono abalulekile ukuze ukusebenza combat ohambweni, nokukhanya igobolondo ukumboza amathangi isikebhe sizinze. Kukhona Yiqiniso, futhi multihull impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwamanzi ( "Shark", isibonelo), kodwa zinkulu kakhulu futhi ayabiza, ngakho ukusebenzisa kwabo ezikhethekile kakhulu, futhi inkinga kwaba nje ukudalwa umkhumbi multi-purpose. Ngokusho kohlelo yokuqala iphrojekthi "Ash" yakhiwe. I ngwenya has a igobolondo nengxenye. Kusho ukuthini? Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuba usike umzimba okuqinile, iqukethe zonke izikhali, amathuluzi nemishini, amadivaysi control, a amandla enuzi ngokuhlakaza, futhi eziningi nezinye izinto, kuhlanganise nezisebenzi. Kodwa nge udonga lwangaphandle onjiniyela of KB "Malachite" isinyathelo ngesibindi. Bahamba kuphela ekhaleni lomkhumbi, singabali sengezo missile silos. Front main isikebhe sizinze ithangi Itholakala intercase isikhala, eziyishumi basakaza kanje: 5 CHB ahlelwe egumbini lwesikhombisa 4 (plus extra eyenzelwe ukucwiliswa okusheshayo) e missile yesihlanu. Iziqukathi, egcwele umoya noma amanzi, thathani annulus edging imishini nezikhali. Kodwa izici isakhiwo bemikhumbi Akuzona.

ophendulayo

Esikhathini gumbi kwelesithupha "inhliziyo" emkhunjini, amandla enuzi ngokuhlakaza. Kulapha kudedela amanani ezinkulu energy ezishisayo, Ukushisa umusi ukuthi ushayela abaphehla ugesi. Imikhumbi-ngwenya iphrojekthi "Ash" anemisila amandla isitshalo ekhethekile, eyakhelwe adidiyele-isifunda ucezu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke ukushisa okwenzeka wesifunda wokuqala (ukuthintana ngqo izakhi fuel) kuthiwa zendawo emide kuholele kuphi akudingekile. Ukufaka compact, umthamo salo megawatts ezingamakhulu amabili, futhi kuba esingaphansi "fonit" (kuba umbuzo ekusithekeni). I ophendulayo is enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, lokhu mfuneko wabizela yilo ukufinyelela nzima esishintshashintshayo yayo, isikhathi yibhange wokusebenza isikhathi isethwe iminyaka okungenani amathathu.

aphoyintimenti linezingxenye

Class ngwenya "Ash" has a izindlu eziqinile, ihlukaniswe linezingxenye, ukuthi akahlukile bonke abanye. Abayisishiyagalolunye kubona, nakhu uhlu kubo:

1st - CCU. Ngaphezu iposi umyalo emaphakathi lapha othumele wokutakula ekamelweni lapho, uma kunesidingo, bakwazi ukushiya iqembu umkhumbi, isikhundla hydroacoustic kanye nokufinyelela abanikeze asebenza nabo. Torpedo amashubhu, ngokungafani kumaphrojekthi wangaphambilini emva le gumbi, yadedela "amehlo" esemqoka kanye "nezindlebe" emkhunjini - antenna, ethola ngisho amasignali umpofu futhi ukunika ulwazi lemininingwane mayelana nokuthi ekuzungezile. Imikhumbi-ngwenya Project 885 "Ash" - kakhulu "sekuqhamuke" imikhumbi ekilasini yayo.

2nd - torpedo, yingakho icala TA ngokwabo ezicitshwayo kwamanzi, kanye imishini elisizayo futhi kagesi Ingaphandle ngokuhambisa amadivaysi.

3rd, amane, amadivayisi ayegcwele, uya khona imishini womkhumbi (ugesi, Coolers, isikebhe sizinze amaphampu nokunye.)

4th - ekhaya, nazi Kubrick nezisebenzi kumakhabheni, saloon, yokudlela, wezokwelapha kanye nezinye izikhungo ukuqinisekisa kwezimo ezivamile phakathi uhambo olude ezikude.

gumbi 5th ngokuthi missile. Ngaphezu izikhali esesabekayo, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kukhona amathangi isikebhe sizinze.

6th - ophendulayo, ngaphezu isitshalo amandla uyonikezwa ithangi asizayo ukunxeshezelwa ishayela isiqalo.

gumbi 7th ngokuthi samanzi. Iyindawo lapho umusi ashisayo idlulisela amandla ayo kushaft bendiza. Ngisho lapha kukhona 5 BTF.

Esikhathini 8th igxile imishini mechanical, futhi has a izinjongo dweba wokutakula.

gumbi 9-th ngokuthi lo ngumsebenzi. Ehunyushiwe ezivela olimini kolwandle kusho ukuthi kukhona kwenzeka ukulawula umkhumbi evundla mpo esebenzisa actuators wokubacindezela.

ukusitheka

ngwenya yenuzi 'Ash "lwenzelwe ukuze ukuthola yayo bekulokhu kuyinkinga. Ngokuvamile, khona-ngwenya kunoma yisiphi isici ulwandle nezwe "ibalwa" ezicini eziningana: umsindo futhi isikulufa izindlela, ithrekhi radiology, ukushabalalisa ukushisa, futhi zibukeke ngokusebenzisa izingqimba esobala yamanzi. Lisitshela ngokuqondile umkhumbi futhi amandla kazibuthe ezivezwa metal. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukubonakala nezingozi kwamabhomu agqitshwayo detonator isabela ushintsho Amasimu static, imikhumbi izintuba kanye nangaphandle kwemigwaqo ngaphansi inqubo demagnetization. Le phrojekthi izindlu NPS 885 wenziwe ekhethekile steel ingxubevange okungukuthi ezifanayo izakhiwo ukuze paramagnetic. Noise lincishisiwe ngo-15 ama-decibel angu zabo ziye zancipha kuphela wamavukelambuso amandla uhlelo wesifunda sakhiwo. Ikakhulukazi umsindo iyavuleka enamathela nayo wenza isikebhe "sokuthula." izixazululo ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezinye ukunciphisa ukubonakala. Propeller eyodwa, it is eyenziwe ngobuchwepheshe ekhethekile, esinikela ephansi umsindo egijima.

izikhali

Manje into esemqoka, iziphi izinhlobo yezikhali esingasilimaza uma isidingo ukusebenzisa "Ash". I ngwenya ivuliwe ibhodi iziqhumane eziyisishiyagalombili kushaft uhlobo "Onyx". Njengoba umkhumbi uyazishintshashintsha, zingase indawo kwi 3M54 ( "Turquoise") noma "Calibre" 3M14. PU ngalinye lingaba ukukhulula 4 cruise ezicitshwayo. Eqondiswa izikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi uhlelo 3P-14P. Missiles ukushaywa phansi futhi ebusweni amatshe, edabula trajectory flat, okwakwenza kube nzima ukuthola imisebenzi missile. Ngo design yabo sihlanganisa isimiso 'impisi iphakethe ", owawuthi phakathi projectiles flying ngesikhathi bengena ukulwa Yiqiniso isethi esibonakalayo uxhumano. Missile, okuyinto ubonakele ngaphezu kwamanye, ukuthatha ubuholi, iqondisa izenzo leqembu. Uma kwenzeka nolokubhujiswa missile isitha kusho eqondisa umsebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo komunye iyunithi. Ukuze abhekane volley ezinjalo cruise ezicitshwayo cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalesi "umlotha" kwaba isidlaliso belusizi "umbulali abathwali izindiza."

Eziyishumi torpedo amashubhu, konke okuyizinto ezinhlangothini egumbini lesibili nje ngemuva emaphakathi okuthunyelwe umyalo. Ammunition - 30 "Physico-1" (533 gauge).

Uma kudingekile, umkhumbi ongabeka ezimayini, ukuze afeze sonar zokumelana (ngoba lena "Izithiyo" rep-324) futhi zenze neminye imisebenzi ukuthi izinkinga umsebenzi zokusebenza lasolwandle nobutha.

izici Jikelele

Akuyona yonke into embi emkhunjini, ungathola ulwazi kusuka emithonjeni yomphakathi. Ochwepheshe namanje yahlulelwe ukubukeka kwabo yileyo ngwenya. Izithombe ezishicilelwe phambili ekukhulumeni kwabezindaba, ukuvumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi ungakanani, zingabantu eziningi ngempela: ubude 140 amamitha. Lokufuduka kwamanzi - amathani cishe izinkulungwane 14 .. Futhi iyatholakala izilungiselelo ngesivinini esikhulu, okuyinto uqhosha ngwenya. Izici njengoba ngokuvamile ziyehluka okuncike degree of submergence izindlu umkhumbi kwamanzi ihamba ngokushesha (31 ifindo), kanye nokwakha emersion 16 ifindo. Amatilosi siqukethe izikhulu 32 futhi amatilosi 90 nabadala. Bonke usengozini, futhi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba silwe kanzima ukuze siphile angashiya isikebhe e a detachable yokuphunyuka pod, elise umnsalo. Ehlaselwa ngokuchichima retractable antenna izinhlelo, ezinde ngenhla deckhouse. Zinikeza kwadluliselwa nomyalo nezinye imikhumbi. Imininingwane Kuyatholakala ku-ukutholakala imishini ekhethekile on esikebheni, ukudala acoustic ulwazi lesiteshi uzovikelwa ukucabhela. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kungekho ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe.

ukuzimela wamemezela izinsuku eziyikhulu, kodwa iqiniso esilaziyo, cishe, kungase kube ngaphezulu.

Ubuchwepheshe kanye nezindleko

Iqiniso lokuthi imikhumbi basonta project efanayo, akusho ukuthi ayafana ngokuphelele. iyunithi ngayinye entsha kunezinzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kwangaphambili ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ukusetshenziswa kohlobo ngaphezulu yesimanje ye imishini nezikhali. Imikhumbi Kwakhiwa akuzona okushesha njengokungena ezinye izinhlobo ubuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokucindezeleka iphrojekthi ngwenya "Ash". I ngwenya "Severodvinsk", eyamukelwa inkonzo Navy ngonyaka odlule, abiza yengcebo ruble 47 bhiliyoni. Inani elifanayo izobiza futhi "Kazan ', kodwa vele sesiyazi ukuthi lo mkhumbi imigqa ngcono, imishini olwesimanje, futhi umsindo ngisho aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa zonke izingxenye kanye izesekeli ngwenya manje idluliselwe ensimini Russian Federation, okuyinto kunciphisa ingozi avuzayo ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo mayelana kudivayisi yabo futhi kukhulisa ekubusweni nabathengisi bakwamanye amazwe. Kunesizathu ukucabanga ukuthi ukubaluleka unit ngayinye okwalandela izoyenqaba nge ngcono umjikelezo zobuchwepheshe. It njalo okwenzekayo, kodwa lokhu mkhuba unesinye ohlangothini. Okwamanje ekufezeni ukuphelela esiphezulu yimuphi ubuchwepheshe isivele esiphelelwe isikhathi, futhi ezintsha ezilungele ukuqaliswa, futhi imigomo ye-okuphindaphindiwe phakade. Whatever sizakala "Ash" Project 885, e KB Russian cishe kakade unayo ezinye izimfundiso. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa ngokuqinisekile ngwenya emisha uzobe usethe, izimfanelo okuzokwenza ngcono nakakhulu.