Kuyini fuselage indiza sika? Idivayisi wesifunda, timphawu tesakhiwo

I fuselage kwendiza umgibeli uxhuma amaphiko, umsila futhi kwezinye izimo chassis. Yenzelwe imishini, izisebenzi kanye wezimpahla. Plane ngaphandle fuselage ngokuthi iphiko flying. Ngo gumbi yayo uqweqwe kuyinto konke ezivamile umzimba imoto. Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe ngokwengeziwe lokho fuselage indiza sika. Izithombe le ngxenye nayo izofakwa okusesihlokweni esithi.

izidingo jikelele

Ukuchaza ngamagama amabili, lokho fuselage izindiza, singasho ukuthi lokhu iKhabhinethi. Ngenxa yalesi ingxenye indiza ukuhlangabezana uchungechunge izidingo:

1. ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo ivolumu yangaphakathi.
2. hudula Ubuncane.
3. Ukuqinisekisa Ukubuyekeza ezanele abanikeze asebenza nabo kanye yokuhlala nezisebenzi.
4. Esinokwethenjelwa Teplozvukoizolyatsiya futhi yobunzima.
5. Kalula athula / ukulayisha.
6. ukupholisa efanele, kukhanyisa Ukushisa.

ifomu yangaphandle

Aircraft fuselage geometry axisymmetric umzimba enikezwe bushelelezi tapering ngase ziza kuqala nokuhlala izingxenye aft. Ngesimo esinjalo, uma okungenani surface area for usayizi inikezwe. Ngakho, ungqimba encishisiwe ye-Plating, ukumelana incipha. isisindo okuphansi kunikeza izinzuzo ezithile lapho zihlatshwa ingcindezi ngokweqile cab uphawu. Nokho, i-ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, leli fomu enhle akuyona ihlonishwe. Ubushelelezi eziphula wabuka, ikakhulukazi, izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi we fuselage izindiza njengoba izibani gumbi, radar lukamakhalekhukhwini. Lokhu-ke kuholela ukumelana naso futhi kwenze Ukukhuluphala. Umthelela Kwenzeka okufanayo ngesikhathi ukubaleka kusukela egeleza amafomu esigabeni umsila. Kulokhu, i-engeli Itshekisela inikezwa ngokwandisa noma kunciphisa we kummango kanye dweba wezimpahla.

imithwalo

Ukuchaza ukuthi fuselage (isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi, sibonisa izimfanelo zaso), kumelwe kushiwo mayelana nemiphumela ukuthi ihlangabezana. Phakathi indiza flight salokhu ingxenye yilezi:

1. Amabutho ngobulili kusukela izingxenye axhunyiwe. Lezi ngokukhethekile zihlanganisa amaphiko, kokwehla gear, feathering, powerplant nokunye.
2. IMisa imiphumela inertial imishini, amayunithi wezimpahla ukuthi kukhona ngqo kulo.
3. amabutho sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza, okuyinto anikezwa ngaphesheya kwamanzi.
4. imiphumela Inertial yesisindo sayo siqu. It has uqobo izindiza fuselage isakhiwo.
5. Amandla ingcindezi ngokweqile kule linezingxenye imishini, endlwaneni eyakhiwe Umfutho.

Zonke imithwalo wabonisa ziyalinganisela ngokuphelele. Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-fuselage zingakapheli Mechanics kwesakhiwo, ungahambisa ke ngesimo ibhokisi girder. Kunoma yikuphi ingxenye ithinta amabutho evundla mpo, torque. I linezingxenye Umfutho wanezela kubo ngokweqile ingcindezi zangaphakathi.

rationality module

I elikhulu ubhekwa ezinjalo-scheme izindiza fuselage lapho yena uzokwazi ukuthatha zonke imithwalo kuboniswe ngenhla ngoba deadweight ngokwanele ongaphakeme. igobolondo Izacile-ngodonga kulokhu eqondiswa isakhiwo uzimele. rationality Okugcwele enikeziwe usebenzisa Plating. Ngesikhathi phuzu lapho fuselage kwendiza, kukhona amabutho endawo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza, yangaphakathi overpressure, inani ezisebenzi. A igobolondo mncane-ngodonga, ukusekela Uhlaka ngaphakathi Ubuningi bamahora kwanelisa nezidingo isakhiwo lula inikeza inqubo elula, ukusebenza. idivayisi okunjalo ubizwa ngokuthi i-fuselage bachachamba. esetshenziswa Ngaphambili truss amayunithi. Bona ngokuyisisekelo ilahlekile bachachamba at isisindo sakhe. Uyini yendiza fuselage truss-hlobo? Sheathing kulokhu ayifakiwe ngokuphelele ezisebenzi. Kuthatha kuphela imithwalo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza wendawo. Uma sikhuluma lokho fuselage izindiza kuleli cala, it ingachazwa njenge-module ezengeziwe, okwandisa isisindo ingqikithi iyunithi. Isikhala truss kakhulu inkimbinkimbi layout wezimpahla. Nemibi lemojuli kuholele yokuthi kungukuthi asetshenziswa izindiza yesimanje. Kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ongaphakeme-speed ukukhanya apparatuses ndiza encane.

ngezigaba

Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu izindiza fuselage:

1. Ambozwe.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

Eminyakeni emibili ihluke nomunye yobujamo square esigabeni cross. Longitudinal setha endaweni lapho fuselage indiza liqukethe stringers futhi longerons. Encasing module esigabeni cross kuhlanganisa ozimele. Zinikeza predetermined ukuma ukulondolozwa ngesikhathi deformations igobolondo futhi uthumele imithwalo bagxila futhi basakaza. Endaweni lapho fuselage izindiza, kukhona izindawo lapho kungaba lokuhlushwa enkulu amabutho. Ukuvimbela ukusonteka kulezi zimo isethwe ozimele nakakhulu. I amamojuli ugongolo yomthelela we iyiphi isiqondiso ukubonwa esehlanganise ngokuphelele. Kuyo kukhona tangent flow kwamandla. ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kuxhomeke ezindabeni isiqondiso umthelela zangaphandle nomumo cross-Sectional module. Sheathing ngokugcwele amukela torque engu. Kulokhu, ukugeleza tangential kwasakazwa ngokulinganayo phezu ipherimitha. Igobolondo ngaleyo ndlela, ngokuvamile has nentaba odnozamknuty esigabeni cross. Ezindaweni lapho kukhona cutouts igobolondo, efakwe amandla ukukhala. Zinikeza kulezi zindawo nokudluliswa yonke imizamo.

Stringers futhi longerons

Isigaba longitudinal we fuselage izindiza ngokuvamile phezu ubude balo lonke. Kanye isikhumba bathatha umzamo evamile aphindekile. Ukukhiqiza ka stringers futhi spars abavamile kwenziwe, njengoba umthetho, kusukela amaphrofayli izimisele noma extruded nge ezahlukene cross-section. izakhi longitudinal abe ukuqina ezinkulu. Ngezinye imithwalo okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi kwezinye izimo, ingafakwa spars oluyinhlanganisela. Bahlanganisa izigaba eziningana axhumene. Lapho edging ukusikeka izinsika ezinkulu esetshenziswa - izakhi longitudinal we ebhokisini-sigaba. Yakhiwa izingxenye extruded, okuyinto ukuxhumana nomunye futhi izindonga Plating.

amajika

Bona Zingagandelelwa noma ezivamile. Kwakamuva aqinisekise ukuphepha kwezingane ezihlukunyeziwe ukuma cross-Sectional module. Heavy-duty ozimele asetshenziswa izindawo lokuhlala enkulu ukucindezeleka emzimbeni. Ziyakwazi ISIZINDA, amalunga amayunithi, ukulungisa wezimpahla, imishini ezinkulu, izinjini nokunye. Gain futhi usethe phezu Ukulinganiselwa ukuvuleka esikhulu iKhabhinethi. ozimele Ezivamile babe, njengoba umthetho, isakhiwo uzimele. Zenziwa seshidi extruded noma nezimo. izakhi Okuhlezi emqondweni usebenze ngendlela avaliwe isiteshi yensimbi uzimele noma mina-sigaba. ukugeleza Tangential uba ukuphendula nokusekela. Uhlaka ihambisa ithonya yangaphandle azungezwe. Khonamanjalo uthatha ku bend. Kuchaza kwesigaba yayo cross. Umklamo luhlaka ezinjalo kuba Monolithic noma ithimba. Ezindaweni ukufakwa ngodonga kwagcizelela bulkhead odongeni ithungwe ngokuphelele. Usekelwa amaphrofayli evundla mpo. Sheathing ifreyimu nakho kungase kube igobolondo eyindilinga. Lapho izakhi ukuqinisa ahlelwe radially.

sheathing

Wenziwe uthayela. Bona akhiwa phezu iphrofayela izindlu futhi okuphephile. Amalunga of amashidi we transverse nezingxenye longitudinal module. Ukuze encasing izidumbu esetshenziswa Monolithic ubambo panel. Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa ngempela okwandile izinto oluyinhlanganisela.

izingxenye kwakwakhe

Sheathing kungenziwa exhunywe ozimele noma stringers noma zombili lezo, nabanye. A samuntu sokuqala isetshenziswa amamojula ukwemboza. Lapho axube kuphela stringers esetshenziswa riveted ezivuzayo longitudinal. Isiphambano-uxhumano ngaleyo ndlela lingekho. Lokhu kuthuthukisa izakhiwo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza module. Kodwa kulokhu, imithwalo ezincane ulwelwesi ilahlekelwa kungapheli kwato. Lokhu kuholela nokwanda isisindo design. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, igobolondo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa okunamathiselwe compensator Uhlaka - okunamathiselwe ngaphezulu.

amalunga omzimba

Lapho girder fuselage Spar isikimu kuyenziwa usebenzisa ISIZINDA okuyinto zitholakala ngokukhethekile ku izingxenye longitudinal. Lezi amalunga omzimba abizwa ngokuthi iphuzu. Eveziwe kwakwakhe esetshenziswa girder Stringer fuselages. Emalungeni babe emhlabeni azungezwe ifreyimu nge ozikhethela sithuthukiswe isikhumba esibophezelayo futhi stringers. Compounds fuselages enjalo ngokuvamile eyenziwa esebenzisa Flanges. a yokuhlangana enjalo inikeza amandla uxhumano izingxenye nentaba Ixhumana ne.

amayunithi ukukhweza

ISIZINDA Connection isethwe ozimele nakakhulu. Zenza umsebenzi disk hard. Ngenxa kubo ke Kwenziwa ukusatshalaliswa igxile imithwalo longitudinal. Butt ISIZINDA kumelwe ukuxhumana spars amandla. Ukuze wehlise isisindo isakhiwo fuselage kuyafaneleka ukuba inciphise ozimele nakakhulu. On element ngayinye enjalo ingase ibekwe eziningana amaphuzu yesifunda okunamathiselwe.

wings

Njengoba isici eqondile ukulungisa lezi izingxenye izobhekela silinganisa zikhathi eguqa emalungeni iphiko panel. Ingabe kumelwe ibhekwe njengezwe sekulinganisa okunengqondo izakhi sokunene nesobunxele phakathi nendawo, edabula fuselage. Ukuze uhlobo module Spar ngokwanele ukuba miss amalungu longitudinal - ngabo kuyoba silinganisa aphindekile. Ukuze uxhume eyodwa isiqeshana iphiko ibhokisi ngokusebenzisa izindlu ngizodabula zonke iphaneli amandla. Uma ngasizathu simbe pass ngokusebenzisa izakhi fuselage ngeke lisetshenziswe, izikhathi eguqa ngakwesokudla bese ngakwesokunxele kumele ivalwe phezu ozimele umthwalo ezinembewu. Nokho, lesi sisombululo, singasebenza a Spar iphiko, njengoba isibalo izingxenye kuzo incane. Monoblock futhi izingxenye coffered lemibiko lidinga inamba enkulu ozimele nakakhulu. Kunzima ngempela ukwenza ku umklamo. Ezimweni ezinjalo kuhle ukusebenzisa uhlelo Spar.

Kiel

entabeni yakhe idinga ukudluliswa esiyisibopho okwamanje eguqa phezu fuselage. Ngenxa yale njongo keel ilungu ngalinye longitudinal ixhunywe okunamathiselwe amandla uzimele. Uma kungenzeka, ungasebenzisa insika Spar uhlobo ibhukumaka e amaphuzu amabili. Banezinhliziyo ukuphakama uzimele. Umcibisholo emise ilungu longitudinal has a break kule ndawo empambana naye. Kudinga ukufaka esiyisibopho ukuqinisa ezengeziwe. Kungaba angavezwa esimweni uma Uhlaka izokwenziwa obliquely kuya ahlangene fuselage ukuthi indiza kwaba phambili odongeni Spar. Kodwa ukugcwaliseka le ndlela uzobe ephelezelwa nobunzima ezithile.

cutouts

Emaphakathi ingxenye fuselage izindiza kuhlanganisa imigodi emafasiteleni, eminyango, kubhaklazeka, izibani, isondo imithombo. Zonke kusikeka eziphula kuvalwe isikhumba nentaba. Ngakho, ukuzinza is kakhulu ziyancipha futhi amandla isidumbu. Ukuze bavale isikhala ukulahlekelwa kanye wabuka ukuvuleka sidlulile luhlaka edging eqinile. Nge Ubukhulu encane cutouts kuba isakhiwo Monolithic. Yenziwe ishidi eyenziwe nginyathela noma ngenye indlela. izimbobo Okantovyvayut ezinkulu enisemikhawulweni ozimele nakakhulu. Longitudinally ukukhwezwa imishayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abazi siphele ngaphakathi ekhosombeni nangaphesheya ozimele kwagcizelela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ithebhu elukhuni izingxenye longitudinal. kokwehla igiya eqondiswa izimbambo kwagcizelela futhi spars engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba.

gumbi Umfutho

Lapho endiza ephakeme lapho ingcindezi ngokweqile inakekelwa. Ukuqinisekisa isisindo okungenani kumakhabheni moya usebenze nabo ngesimo indilinga noma isilinda nge ezinzulwini eyindilinga. Kuyadingeka ukuba uqinise uzimele, esemgwaqweni eslphambanweni izingxenye. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba kuthatha ngempela umthwalo omkhulu compressive. I Umfutho gumbi Cabin nge nomthwalo ingcindezi engadingekile akusho alandele eguqa deformations. Isebenza kuphela ukungezwani. Kwezinye izimo, wathi isikhunta ashona. Lokhu-ke kuholela ekwandeni isisindo isakhiwo sonke. Ukuqinisekisa kuyadingeka rigidity iphaneli flat esetshenziswa eguqa. Ngaphansi kwethonya overpressure, zisekelwa imishayo transverse kanye longitudinal (izimbambo). Ukuze uthuthukise rigidity imininingwane ifasitelana kuyinto ngesimo isangweji ezakhiwe. Emadokodweni Kumele kucinisekiswe ukubekwa uphawu onokwethenjelwa wonke amalunga aboshelwe futhi riveted. Ngenxa yale njongo, tape ekhethekile. Afuthwe ngesibulali sealant, i-mastic promazyvayut non-omiswe, kwagcwala ekhuthaza ekhethekile, kulandele omiswe. Eslphambanweni igobolondo amapuleti kukhona ukusetshenziswa multi-irowu isipikili amalunga ziyakhula encane. Ikakhulukazi kusetshenzwe ngokucophelela hermetic kubhaklazeka, amafasitela, izibani, iminyango. Ukubekwa uphawu bunikezwa ukusetshenziswa ekhethekile ukubekwa uphawu izindlela. Kungaba bands zenjoloba, isiqophamazwi sokulalela, amashubhu inflatable, gaskets.

izenzo ezidingekayo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo esebenza fuselage izindiza, ukwenza okuthile kumelwe kwenziwe. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Kukhethwa enjalo amagugu ipharamitha kanye yangaphandle bezinhlamvu amafomu lapho hudula uzobe kuyehla kube sezingeni eliphansi, futhi umthamo ewusizo ngokulandelana, uyoba elilungile.
2. Ukusebenzisa fuselage ephakamisa. Ngenxa kubo wadala abalulekile lift. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze unciphise isisindo futhi endaweni iphiko.
3. ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo ivolumu ewusizo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokwandisa kwabantu isakhiwo, ukubekeka compact umthwalo e- maphakathi mass. Kulokhu ngabe wehlise mass izikhathi inertia nokuthuthukisa maneuverability izici. Olugcwele uhla ukushintshashintsha maphakathi gravity lapho uphethiloli burnup, embodiments ezahlukene ukulayisha inikeza ukuzinza enkulu nokusingatha kangcono.
4. Ukuhambisana amandla fuselage izifunda amayunithi enamathiselwe nalokho. Kulokhu kumele kube kokungathembeki onamandla, kulinganisa ukudluliswa imithwalo amalungu amandla iphiko, kokufika igiya, empennage amayunithi ukuze izindlu.
5. Ukunikeza I / O lula izisebenzi, abagibeli, berthing, kulayishwa / athula kwezimpahla, imishini, izinto senzelwe zokuthutha.
6. Ukunikeza indlela elula amayunithi ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngokuyinhloko ukuze ihlolwe futhi ukulungisa.

Ukuze nabagibeli abangu izimo ezidingekayo kufanele wadala, kanye ezingeni efanele wenduduzo ngesikhathi indiza emachibini okusezingeni eliphezulu. Imfuneko wukuqinisekisa umsindo ukushisa kanye ukwahlukanisa of kumakhabheni, kuphephile futhi esheshayo eziphuthumayo ophumayo kusukela gumbi. Crew futhi izimo ukhululekile kufanele wadala. Ikakhulukazi, umbono omuhle abashayeli liyakushunyayelwa enikeziwe, kalula indiza nokuphathwa izindiza.