Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich Russian umqambi, inhloko yabangamashumi "Onamandla idlanzana": Biography, lokusungula

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke-Russian umqambi Balakirev miliy Alekseevich, omisebenzi yakhe Namanje Ungalahlekelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo, akugcini nje ngomsebenzi walo zokudala ezivelele, kodwa futhi njengoba umsunguli noMphefumleli ka yonke inkambo e umculo Russian ezaziwayo.

Ebuntwaneni Nomkhaya

Kwazalelwa umqambi Januwari 2, 1837 ku Nizhny Novgorod. Uyise, Balakirev Aleksey Konstantinovich kwaba titular ikhansela imvelaphi ezihloniphekayo, umama wahlanganyela izingane. Umkhaya labetibambile ezinkolelweni zobuKristu zendabuko, umfana ekhula kakhulu inkolo, ngisho ukugconwa ikhaya lakhe, ebiza "umbhishobhi esizayo." Ukholo ukuphila kwabo ukuhlala liyindaba esemqoka ukuze Balakirev. Kusukela esemncane ingane wabonisa ikhono zomculo, futhi umama waqaphela ke.

Okuhlangenwe nakho lokuqala zomculo

Kakade eminyakeni 6-7 Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich ngaphansi kwesiqondiso Umama uqala ukufunda ukudlala upiyano, okubonisa neragelo phambili. Ukuze asinika indodana yakhe abanamakhono amahle, umama simyisa eMoscow. Kube yazenzela esifushane upiyano inqubo ngesikhathi wezingoma odumile futhi uthisha Aleksandra Dyubyuka. Khona-ke ekhaya, uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ithuluzi beqondiswa wopiyano zendawo umqhubi K. Eyzeriha. Lokho umculi owethulwa Balakirev no-Aleksandru Dmitrievich Ulybysheva, engumxhasi wezobuciko, i umculi amateur, uthisha, oye waba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinceku umqambi. indlu yakhe yayiseceleni mayelana umphakathi okhazimulayo ongqondongqondo zendawo, abalobi, abaculi, amakhonsathi yayiqhutshelwa ukuze baxoxe ngezinkinga yobuciko. Lapha bekubonakala wabeka isisekelo isimo yobuhle Balakirev.

yokufunda

Umama umqambi esizayo ushone ekuseni, ke abuqede izifundo ehlelekile Balakirev umculo. Kamuva, uyise ashade, umholo wakhe ngokulambisa ngokwanele ukuba baphile ku umkhaya omkhulu, inkokhelo esikufunda abakwazanga ukuya. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-12, lo mfanyana wathunyelwa Nizhny Novgorod izikhulu Institute, lapho amukelwa khona imfundo yesibili ngezithukuthuku izikhulu zendawo. Ngemva kweminyaka emine wathola sokuzithandela sase-University of Kazan eMnyangweni Mathematics, kodwa ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka prouchitsya nje isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, imali ukuze iqhubekisele phambili imfundo ayenakho, kwakufanele baziphilise yabo ngokunikeza izifundo umculo. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, Balakirev miliy Alekseevich wabhala imisebenzi yakuqala zomculo: iculo, upiyano izingcezu.

ukushaya

Ukubona ithalente sobala lale nsizwa, Ulybyshev ngo-1855 simyisa Petersburg, lapho ahlangana khona nge umqambi Russian Mikhail Glinka.

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich, umculo okuyiwona buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile ekuphileni, wabonisa ngemisebenzi yabo Maitre futhi wathola udumo eliphezulu kakhulu futhi izincomo wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe ubhala umculo. Ngemva konyaka, sifisa kumbhali inikeza umphakathi kweziqephu zakhe lokuqala umculo, kanye DEBUT yakhe njengoba wopiyano futhi umqhubi ukusebenza Concert yakhe Allegro ngoba Piano futhi Orchestra. Lokhu ukusebenza kuye kwamukeleka kakhulu etholwe baxgeki kanye nomphakathi, Balakirev wamenywa ngokusebenza emakhaya abacebile ezimbalwa, iye yasiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zezimali umqambi, kodwa izingilazi esiningi. Umculi wake wathi yena njengoba umdali izisusa kazwelonke Russian babé lokuhweba wakhe.

Indlela ubungcweti

Balakirev miliy Alekseevich, omsebenzi wakhe is Aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu, kuyilapho ehola i ekhonsathini isheduli asebenzayo, phendula emibuthanweni wokuziphilisa. Kodwa kuthatha isikhathi nomzamo omkhulu kakhulu, wabona injongo yakhe ubhala umculo ukusakaza imibono eziphambili. Kunciphisa ukungenelela, nakuba kubathinta kabi esimweni sayo sezimali, futhi ukuzinikela umculo nokukhanyiselwa.

Balakirev futhi "Onamandla idlanzana"

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX Balakirev osondela ngenombolo bezinsimbi: A. S. Dargomyzhskim V. Stasovym, A. N. Serovym. kwakhiwa Ngakho is embuthanweni, okwakuyoholela waziwa ngokuthi "Onamandla idlanzana". abasekeli abaningi wakhuluma isiphetho umculo kazwelonke, ukuxoxa ngomsebenzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli qembu bajoyine bomculo abalulekile kakhulu Empire Russian Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Borodin, Mussorgsky, Cui TS. Balakirev kubonakala ngasinye salezi zinsizwa umculo saphezulu ukukhanya kwabasiza ukuba isipho, ukwakha siqu nesitayela sabo zomculo. Omunye uthola ithimba eziqinile abalobi, ngalinye elisebenza ngendlela yalo, kodwa bebonke basizane ukukhiqiza isitayela lukazwelonke olulodwa.

Group ngenkuthalo ukuxhumana nabaholi ka nezazi okudala isikhathi sakhe ne baxgeki Turgenev, A. Grigorovich, Pisemsky A., I. Repin. ubudlelwano Vala futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi iqiniswe abaqambi P. I. Chaykovskim, enikezwe "Onamandla idlanzana" waba nethonya elinamandla. Abaculi babekhona ekugqugquzeleni imibono yobuzwe 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, okuyinto kwaba avant-garde lendawo isiko Russian.

Ngonyaka ka th 70 band behlukana kodwa imibono yayo waphila nokuthuthukisa. "Namandla idlanzana" washiya uphawu abalulekile kwi umculo Russian, umthelela wabo uqashelwe A. Liadov, Arensky, S. Lyapunov, Ippolitov-Ivanov, ngisho nesiko French zomculo kwakukhona owaziwa 'nesithupha' ngo-Erik Satie futhi Zhana Kokto, ngokuphinda indlela "idlanzana Onamandla".

umsebenzi Sikhungo

Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, ogama biography is phakade exhumene ne umculo, wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekwakhekeni isikole kazwelonke. Ngo-1862, kanye G. Lomakin, umbhidisi choir Balakirev ukudala khulula umculo esikoleni, elaba isikhungo wezemfundo, ukukhuthazwa yobuciko kazwelonke futhi indawo yokuqala ukufundisa abantu abaningi zomculo.

Umbusi asekelwe isinyathelo abaculi, ngakho abahleli kwadingeka ithuba ukuthuthukisa esinokuduma umsebenzi. Bahlela amakhonsathi abafundi, wathatha esikoleni of bonke ababelemikhumbi ikhono, kodwa akakwazanga ukukhokha imali. Isikole singifundise ukuqeqeshwa indlebe, insimbi yomculo futhi vocal. Balakirev kwaba umqondisi lesikhungo kanye umbhidisi ekhonsathini. Engxenyeni ye-yalolucwaningo 80 kwekhulu XIX yesibili, isikole khona Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu ezezimali, okuyinto eyabangela ukuncipha okukhulu emsebenzini walo. Balakirev ngenkathi izimo zinzima ezinzima, waze eshiya esikhundleni sekuba umqondisi isikhashana.

Kodwa ngo-1881 waphindela e-post ka Umqondisi we ingane ozithandayo kanye esikoleni uhlala ethembekile kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngo-1883, Balakirev ngaphansi ukusekelwa TI Filippova kwaba Managing Court Chapel, lapho ithalente lakhe yenhlangano futhi ewusizo Pedagogical. Ithuthukisa uhlelo nokufundisa Chapel, sithuthukisa ingxenye yesayensi kule Uyala, umema ukufundisa Rimsky-Korsakov, uhlela isigaba ababedlala izinsimbi, kakhulu ngcono izinga lempilo abafundi, lo msila ukwazi ukuzihlanganisa isakhiwo esisha yesonto. Ngo-1894 washiya esontweni lobuholi bese iphumula okuqinile imali eseduze, kusukela kuleso sikhathi wayengathi azinikele lokubhala.

Musical umsebenzi

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich konke ukuphila kwakhe wahlanganyela umculo, umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngokukhuluma ngokubhala izingoma zokuqala amateur upiyano izicucu. Imisebenzi umqambi baqala kakhulu ukuthonywa Mikhail Glinka, ababedlala indima ebalulekile empilweni umculi. Ngo-1866, Glinka, Balakirev abamenyiwe ukuhola kukhiqizwe opera "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila" futhi "Ukuphila ngokuba Tsar" yemidlalo ePrague. Umculi wabonisa umsebenzi omkhulu futhi yabonisa ithalente umqhubi yakhe kulo msebenzi, okuyinto yimpumelelo futhi nomthelela ekuqiniseni isikhundla Balakirev sika emhlabeni umculo.

Ngo 1860, umqambi egudla iVolga, okuyinto iqoqa izingoma boatmen, kamuva ezanikezwa ukuma eqoqweni umculo, masenze komsindo esikweni lwethu. Ngo-1862, 1863 kanye 1868 m ngokulandelana, ehamba eCaucasus, kusukela nemigqondo ziye zathinta umsebenzi umculi. Ngokushesha, umqambi ababemenyelwe ukuqhuba amakhonsathi we-Imperial Russian Musical Society, kodwa ngo-1869 waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye iposi.

Ucala esibudisi emphilweni Balakirev, umqambi bahlukunyezwa futhi kweligama, it is kumzwise ukuhlukumezeka ngokomqondo, futhi wayengundunankulu waseSamoa iminyaka eminingana ziyancipha kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe yokudala. Ngo-1881, wabuyela umculo, kodwa ukhathalela kakhulu nesiqondiso yesonto, ubhala kancane, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi kukhona, imisebenzi eminingana eqinile avuthiwe, ezifana le nkondlo Symphonic "Ukhona uTamara."

Ekupheleni 90s kufika lokugcina inkathi yokudala futhi ithele kakhulu zokuphila umqambi sika. Uyabhala eningi umculo for upiyano, abasebenza inkondlo Symphonic "Rus" nesithi "eCzech Republic."

ifa okudala

Umqambi Balakirev miliy Alekseevich, neminyaka yokuphila kunikezwa search ukuze baphile, imfundo nokufundisa, kusale ifa elincane, kodwa abalulekile. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe ezinkulu zihlanganisa umculo elisho "Inkosi Lear", fantasy upiyano "Islam" ukwelashwa ezinkulu nakakhulu namanye bomculo, mayelana 2 kweshumi zothando nezingoma, umculo wezinsimbi ezimbili.

ukuphila Siqu

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich kwaba ezimkhanukelayo, uhlobo Nutty ibekwe ezimweni ezinzima ekuphileni. Kikho koke ukuphila kwakhe yayincane lemali, yena waba haunted by izitha anyundele kuye bahlela umkhankaso ngokumelene umqambi emaphephandabeni. I kokuntengantenga kwezimali hit ngo-1872, lapho amakhonsathi esikoleni singayekanga kuphela ukuba inzuzo, kodwa ukujula enkulu akakwazi ukudlula. Ngaphezu ubaba lo umqambi befa, futhi emahlombe hlomisa ukunakekelwa inhlalakahle odade abasebasha. Umculi uphelelwa yithemba, efika ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, noma wacabanga ngokuzibulala.

Ngo 1874, Balakirev eshiya isikole futhi uya esitolo ukuphathwa Warsaw ujantshi njengenhlangano underling, waphinde iqala ukunikeza izifundo umculo. Kwalona andla nor isikhathi uhlale uthintana nabangani anakho, esehamba umbuthano nomqondo ofanayo, akusho ukuqamba umculo. Kwaba nenkathi enzima kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwakhe. Balakirev wathola indlela enkolweni, waba ozinikele kakhulu futhi kancane kancane waqala ukubuyela esimweni esivamile. Ngo-1881, lapho ebuya emsebenzini esikoleni, isimo sakhe sengqondo kuqondiswa. Vicissitudes wokuphila, abanothando lomculo awuzange ungivumele ukuba Balakirev ukudala emikhayeni yabo, futhi wayephila impohlo, lokusungula abanothando.

Umqambi waphila isikhathi eside futhi egcwele, wafa ngo-May 29, 1910 futhi ungcwatshwa ngesikhathi Tikhvin Amathuna.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo of biography

Ukuphila kugcwele abantu yokudala ngokuvamile ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi, imicimbi ehlukene, hhayi nje ngaphandle, futhi Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo bakha uhlu omkhulu, kukhona edabukisayo. Ngakho, nazo zonke izinzuzo umqambi hhayi kuphela isiko Russian, kodwa futhi ukuba wonke umculo European kunoma iyiphi idolobha emhlabeni wayengezwanga ukubeka lesikhumbuzo. Kodwa omunye the best umculo izikole e-Europe, uma kungekhona ukuthi emhlabeni wonke, etholakala e Moscow, ngeqholo ebizwa ngegama lakhe.

Balakirev ingane uyagula, kwakuvame beshushiswa futhi laqonda bekhanda okubuhlungu zamyisa yithemba. Phakathi nolunye lwalezo zinhlekelele eside, waze wafuna ukuyeka bese uya Isigodlo, kodwa ngenhlanhla, lesi sifo esebohlile, futhi umqambi kwaba ngo zokuphila.

Imfundo yazo, eqinisweni, sibophekile ukuba Balakirev yena, wasebenza kanzima amasu nendlela yakhe ngcono. Nokho, lapho ecelwa eminyakeni yakhe avuthiwe, waqokwa uprofesa wezifundo eMoscow Conservatory, umqambi wenqaba ngoba akazange abe imfundo zezemfundo.