Barbiturates: Uhlu izidakamizwa, ekuphathweni kanye nokusebenza

Ukuze engaphezu kweyikhulu e izidakamizwa imithi eyaziwa njenge barbiturates. Uhlu amalungiselelo equkethe la izinto, unqabe kanzima eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa kwaba sobala ukuthi kukhona kakhulu umlutha futhi ezinzima engemihle. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, namanje lezi imithi Nokho kusetshenziswa imithi, emakethe khulula ngeke ubathole. Isizathu siwukuthi phakathi nekhulu lama-20 kwakukhona eziningi nokufa ngenxa ubuthi by barbiturates. Ngakho-ke, labo abangababiziweyo udokotela ekunika zokwelapha lezi izidakamizwa kudingeka wazi ukuthi iyini imiphumela eminingi engemihle njengezindlela bona kungabangela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imithi yesimanje, ngempumelelo futhi iphephile.

Uyini barbiturates

le mithi avele ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Usosayensi German Bayer wavula isithako ekhethekile - barbituric acid. Kakade 1903 kwakushiwo emakethe umuthi wokuqala "Barbital" evame kakhulu ngaphansi kwegama "veronal". Ngu nekhulu, kwakwaziwa imikhiqizo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, ezibizwa ngokuthi "barbiturates". isicelo sabo kwezokwelapha wawubanzi: yokuqwasha elula izinzwa. Abaningi baye bathatha le mithi ukuze ukucindezeleka, izinkinga zokulala, noma ukuze nje uphumule. Abanye baye baba kuncike barbiturates, okuyinto ngokuvamile sigcina ngokuba ukufa. Ngakho-ke, kule minyaka engu-70 le mithi kuye kwanyamalala ukudayiswa khulula. Futhi manje, kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye barbiturates asetshenziswa.

uhlu izidakamizwa

Manje sobunxele neze angaphezu kweshumi nambili le mithi. Kunamaqembu eziningana barbiturates. Bahlanganyela isikhathi sabo. Bungabonakala barbiturates ezifana:

- eside esebenza "Barbital", "Phenobarbital" (eyaziwa ngokuthi "Luminal"), "Sodium barbiturate", "Butizol" nabanye;

- Isilinganiso isikhathi "cyclobarbital," "barbamyl", "Alyurat", "butabarbital," "Talbutal" nabanye;

- emifushane (kufika emahoreni angu-6) isenzo "hexobarbital", "Pentothal", "Tiamilal", "Brevital" nezinye izidakamizwa. Basuke ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi umjovo emthanjeni, njengoba isiqala kakade ukwenza imizuzu embalwa ngemva kokuphathwa.

Isiphi isinyathelo babe barbiturates

Barbituric acid isetjentiswe kwezokwelapha, kwacaca ukuthi, ithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ke amabhlogo ukuxhumana phakathi ezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, zonke lezi mithi opholile eqinile, anticonvulsant, sine nomphumela omncane okuyiluthayo. Uma uthatha barbiturates phambi izinzwa, ziyokuthuthukisa umphumela wawo. Manje kufanisa izidakamizwa, njengoba ukusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela kuvimbela isimiso sezinzwa, kodwa zikwenza. Barbiturates ingafaniswa utshwala. Levelako isimo esifanayo yenjabulo futhi injabulo, ngokuvamile nolaka ke ubuthongo eqinile esindayo, ngemva kwalokho umuntu ezizwa ecindezelekile ngokomzwelo, futhi isifiso ukuthatha izidakamizwa futhi. Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa, barbiturates, wazi ukuthi wazizwa ekhululekile nokuzola, kukhuphuke ukuzethemba kanye sociability. Kungenxa miphumela, abaningi bethembela izidakamizwa. Funda kungenzeka ukuhlaziya: barbiturates zitholiwe umchamo. Izizathu zalokhu wukuthi barbituric acid isuselwe ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa nezinso.

Njengoba barbiturates esetshenziswa

Sekuyisikhathi eside kungase kutholakale ukuthi le mithi kubangele eziqine ukuluthwa izidakamizwa eziyingozi, ngokuvamile ophela ekufeni. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, isiguli angasiza barbiturates. Uhlu nemithi esetshenziswayo kwezokwelapha namuhla, wawa kakhulu, kodwa ziyatholakala kuphela kadokotela. Basuke unikezwe indaba nje kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu:

- nokucindezeleka okukhulu;

- iziyaluyalu sina zezinzwa;

- ne amajaqamba kanye nokugoqana;

- ukulungiselela nesiguli izinzwa phakathi nokuhlinzwa;

- endabeni ukuqwasha, lapho kungekho ezinye izindlela usizo.

Ikakhulu esetshenziswa barbiturates isithuthwane. Kodwa abanye abantu abadala olulodwa ukuzisebenzisa futhi ukukudambisa. Ngo nezikhungo zezokwelapha barbiturates asetshenziswa ngendlela umjovo emthanjeni noma esicutshini, futhi ukwelashwa ngaphandle nangesineke kungase esizosingathwa amaphilisi, amaphilisi noma suppositories. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingenye ingxenye nezinye izidakamizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, phenobarbital oluyisisekelo "korvalola". A amaphilisi ingalali eqinile "Penobarbital" isetshenziselwa ekukhishweni isigwebo sokufa futhi ukubulawa kwesiguli e wezilwane.

Yini imbangela side effects

Manje ikakhulu elisetshenziswa yezokwelapha izikhungo barbiturates. Uhlu izidakamizwa agunyazwe ukusetshenziswa, eyaziwa kule art kuphela. Kulula kakhulu zonakaliswe izidakamizwa ezinjalo noma uzithola nokulutheka. Uma umuntu ngokuvamile isebenzisa barbiturates, lingatholakala ngezizathu ezifana:

- ukozela, ukudideka, ukusangana njalo;

- ukungalingani nokunyakaza ongalawuleki;

- inkulumo egwinya, amalimi;

- ngihlaliswa amasosha omzimba;

- ukuqubuka nezifo ubovu isikhumba;

- isifo umzimba futhi ekunqandeni isenzo kohlelo emathunjini;

- ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ulaka;

- ukudideka ukwazi okuhlushwa kahle.

Bethembela barbiturates

Abantu ngokuvamile zisebenza izidakamizwa ezifana ukunqanda noma ulwa ukuqwasha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abaqapheli lokho abayikho igcwele ingozi. Okwamanje belingana izidakamizwa akhiwa opium futhi barbiturates. Ukuthembela kubonakala isidingo njalo baphuze amalungiselelo, okwandisa umthamo wabo. Utfutfukisa ke ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu yokwemukela njalo. Ukuthembela kuholela ukucasuka, lingekho enhle, kwehle okuhlushwa inkumbulo. Kungase kube ezihlukahlukene iziyaluyalu zezinzwa: inkulumo egwinya, kunyakaze nemilenze amajaqamba. Ngemva kokulala esindayo kubangelwa barbiturates, umuntu enomuzwa ubuthakathaka egcwele. Yena kwehlisa ingcindezi abhekene nakho ubuhlungu bekhanda nesicanucanu, ukuze ayibulale, athathe umthamo omusha. Ngakho uba nasekuthengeni.

Kungani abantu ukuthatha le mithi

Kusukela ukubukeka isibe barbiturates ethandwa kakhulu. Uhlu imikhiqizo by phakathi ekhulwini lama-20 kuze kube emibili nengxenye ayizinkulungwane iziqu. Bakhandwa etholwa yilabo kudingeka ukuzola futhi balahle izinkinga ezaba nomuzwa ukungezwani njalo nenkathazo ngilale. Uma kuba sobala ukuthi isenzo barbiturates kufana izidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kakhulu ziyancipha. Kodwa manje abaningi babo awela nokulutheka. Kukholakala ukuthi ngokuvamile abantu abasizondayo isithakazelo ngokwabo, aye alahlekelwa incazelo empilweni kanye nesidingo zokuxhumana. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi barbiturates kubangele lokukhohlwa, ukulala kanye nokuntuleka imicabango esindayo, azigcina ethandwa. Ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi lokhu, abantu bavame ukuthatha imithi enjalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngaphansi isenzo umuntu iyeke ubuhlungu, ukuzwa imizwa abese ephumula.

ubuthi by barbiturates

Ingozi le mithi ezingaba ukopha izidakamizwa ukweqisa izidakamizwa. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi umuntu uzunywa ubuthongo bese ungakwazi abangeke baphaphame kubo, ngoba ukuphefumula kancane kancane kubambezela nokufa kwenzeka. Uma barbiturates igazi ngamanani amakhulu, futhi lokhu kwenzeke futhi uma lithatha umthamo evamile, kodwa endabeni ukusetshenziswa eside zomuthi, kukhona ubuthi. Ukucindezelwa abantu incipha ngokucijile, ubuso bakhe turning okwesibhakabhaka kanye ukuphefumula kwakhe kuba njalo futhi engajulile. Ukufa ngokuvamile kwenzeka kusukela ukukhubazeka umgudu wokuphefumula.

Ukuqedwa izidakamizwa

Lahla kwencika barbiturate kunzima kakhulu. Ukuhoxiswa izimpawu ngokuvamile eqine kakhulu kunangesikhathi lo mkhuba-opium. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa emva uyeka izidakamizwa umuntu uzizwa nokukhathazeka, isicanucanu, kubuhlungu ukuqwasha kanye nokuquleka. Kungenzeka sokuwa bronchospasm, noma ikhoma. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuholela ekufeni. Futhi waphawula iziyaluyalu ezingokwengqondo: umuntu akakwazi ukucabanga kahle, kukhona kokuzibulala. Ngakho-ke, ubuhlobo obunjalo kuphela ukuphathwa isikhungo sokwelapha ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.

Yini esikhundleni barbiturates

Okusanda kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa le mithi. Emazweni amaningi, ngokuvamile, akuvumelekile barbiturates. ezisetshenziswa izidakamizwa, abakwazi konke, ngakho udinga ukufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo ku kwengoma. Manje esetshenziswa ukuqeda ukuqwasha, ukucindezeleka nezidakamizwa ephephile ukuthi kakhulu akuvamile ukubangela umlutha. Ngokuvamile kuba "Lorazepam", "Diazepam", "Librium" nabanye. kukhona ngisho ephephile, "okusha Pass", "Glycine", "Drops Zelenin" futhi amanye amakhambi homeopathic. Esikhundleni ejenti zamakhemikhali kungenzeka zezinkambi lwamakhambi noma Mint, motherwort, aromatherapy ukutshopa nezinguquko yokuphila.