Bile: ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo. I chemical ukubunjwa Bile

Bile - umkhiqizo umsebenzi hepatocytes (amaseli kwesibindi). izifundo ezihlukahlukene ibonisa ukuthi ngaphandle iqhaza Bile ku ukugaya ukudla hhayi kungaba yokwenza evamile pheshana emathunjini. Ukungasebenzi kahle zenzeka nqubo yo- kudla nje kuphela kodwa futhi umzimba, uma ukungasebenzi kwenzeka e ekwakhiweni kwayo noma eshintsha ngezithako zawo.

Uyini Bile?

Lokhu juice wokugaya ukudla, okuyinto kuveza esibindini. Isetshenziselwa esisodwa noma zibekwe gallbladder. Ophawuleka izici ezimbili ezibalulekile ketshezi eziphila abakhuthele. yena:

• Isiza ukugaya amafutha kanye ukumuncwa kwabo emathunjini;
• Kuthatha imikhiqizo imfucuza kusukela egazini.

izakhiwo

Bile human umbala aphuzi ocebile, okuyinto iya endaweni brown ogqamile (ngenxa yokubola udayi). Kuyinto esobala, ucishe viscous kuncike ubude isikhathi sokuhlala ku gallbladder. It has a ukunambitheka eqinile ebabayo, iphunga, futhi ngemva kokuhlala gallbladder kuyinto ane-alikhali. Isisindo sayo ethize cishe 1005 in the Amapayipi Bile, kodwa ikhule ukuba 1030 ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside esinyeni inyongo ngokuqondene ukwengeza ezinye izingxenye isikhwehlela.

izingxenye

Bile, okuyinto isakhiwo laqanjwa izinto ezilandelayo: amanzi (85%), Bile nosawoti (10%), isikhwehlela futhi eba nezakhi zombala ezenza (3%), amafutha (1%), usawoti wezinto ezingaphili (0.7%) ne-cholesterol (0.3%) egcinwe esinyeni nenyongo futhi emva kokudla iphonswe emathunjini amancane nge imbobo Bile.

Kube isibindi gallbladder Bile, Ukwakheka yabo lokuhlala efanayo, kodwa ehlukene. Lapho ingqondo esifundweni sakhe bahlonze lezi izinto ezilandelayo:

• amanzi;
• Bile acid kanye nosawoti wabo;
• bilirubin;
• cholesterol;
• lecithin;
• sodium, i-potassium, chlorine, i-calcium,
• bicarbonates.

Ngezinye izikhathi 6 usawoti gallbladder Bile of Bile acid kuka esibindini.

Bile acid

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali Bile ikakhulu emelelwa Bile acid. Synthesis lezi izinto imodi eyinhloko catabolism cholesterol ezincelisayo kanye indoda. Ezinye enzyme ekusungulweni of acid Bile, abakhuthele izinhlobo eziningi kumaseli emzimbeni, kodwa isibindi - yisona sakhiwo kuphela bakuphi ishintshe ngokuphelele. Bile acid (zamagama abo) ungomunye izindlela evelele ukuze excretion amanani ngokweqile cholesterol.

Nokho, excretion cholesterol njengoba Bile acid alwanele iwukudambisa ngokuphelele okokufaka ngokweqile ukudla kwakhe. Nakuba ukwakhiwa kwalezi izinto kuyinto catabolism indlela cholesterol, lezi zakhi futhi ebalulekile solubilization cholesterol, lipids, amavithamini fat-encibilikayo kanye nezinye izinto ezidingekayo, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukulethwa yabo kwesibindi. Yonke kumiswa umjikelezo of acid Bile kudinga enzyme 17 ngamunye. Abaningi Bile acid metabolites zingabameleli cytotoxic, ngakho zamagama abo kumele uvalwe elawulwa. Abanye amaphutha esizalwa nawo wokuhle umzimba zibangelwa izakhi zofuzo ezinenkinga sizithola obhekene synthesis Bile acid, okuyinto kuholela ekuhlulekeni sesibindi esingelapheki kubantu abangamaphesenti okusuka ebunganeni kanye peripheral omdala ezithuthukayo.

Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi acid Bile zinengxenye ukulawulwa umzimba ayo, ilawule lipid umzimba futhi umzimba glucose banesibopho ukulawula izinqubo ezahlukene ukuvuselelwa isibindi, kanye nokulawula Imininingwane energy ukusetshenziswa.

imisebenzi eyisisekelo

izinto eziningi ezahlukene ziqukethe Bile. Ukwakheka kwalo kuwukuthi akanalo enzyme nezinye ayo wokugaya ukudla kusukela esiswini. Kunalokho, bahlanganisa ikakhulu nosawoti Bile futhi acid, okungenzeka:

• Emulsify amafutha kanye singawanyathela phansi izinhlayiya ezincane.

• Ukuze asize umzimba amunca imikhiqizo ukuhlukaniswa amafutha emathunjini. Zikasawoti of Bile acid abophezele lipids abese angena egazini.

Enye ezibalulekile umsebenzi Bile ukuthi liqukethe wabhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Lena bilirubin, futhi ngokuvamile ekhiqizwa emzimbeni ukuqeda ubudala amaseli abomvu egazi, i-hemoglobin-ocebile. Bile futhi uyisa cholesterol okweqile. It hhayi kuphela ingumkhiqizo uketshezi hepatic, kodwa futhi ubonisa izinto ezihlukahlukene enobuthi.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ukwakheka Defined futhi Bile umsebenzi iyenza njengesithiyo surfactant, ngokusiza emulsify amafutha ekudleni ngendlela efanayo njengoba insipho ancibilikisa amafutha. Bile nosawoti abe hydrophobic futhi ekupheleni hydrophilic. Lapho wadalula amanzi, ixubene amafutha emathunjini amancane, Bile nosawoti buthelela emhlabeni iconsi uwoyela ufake kokubili amangqamuzana awuketshezi namafutha. Lokhu kwandisa surface area fat, batfole mkhulu enzyme pancreatic ukuthi sokudiliza amafutha. Njengoba Bile kwandisa ukumuncwa amafutha, kuyasiza ukumuncwa amino acid, i-cholesterol, i-calcium ne amavithamini fat-encibilikayo ezifana D, E, i-K kanye A.

Ane-alikhali Bile acid bayakwazi iwukudambisa ngokweqile acid amathumbu ngaphambi engena ileum kungxenye ekupheleni emathunjini amancane. I nosawoti of Bile acid ifa umphumela amagciwane, ukubulala amagciwane amaningi engase ibe khona kunoma ukudla ezingenayo.

Bile

amaseli isibindi (hepatocytes) akhiqiza Bile, okuyinto aqoqana bese ugelezela uvule imbobo Bile. Kusukela lapho-ke ingena emathunjini amancane futhi ngokushesha uqala kuthinte fat noma aqoqana esinyeni.

Isibindi ukhiqiza kusuka 600 ml kuya 1 ilitha Bile amahora angu-24. Ukwakheka nezakhiwo Bile ushintsho uma sidlula Amapayipi Bile. Lwamafinyila lezi zokwakheka bukhipha amanzi kanye sodium Bicarbonate, kanjalo diluting the uketshezi hepatic. Lezi izithako ezengeziwe ukusiza iwukudambisa acid esiswini, okuyinto luwele le duodenum ngokudla kancane kugaywe (chyme) kusukela esiswini.

isitoreji Bile

Isibindi bukhipha Bile ngokuqhubekayo: kufika 1 ilitha inkathi yamahora angu-24, kodwa iningi lilondolozwe i accumulator - esinyeni nenyongo. Lokhu umzimba eziyize ugxilisa resorption yayo amanzi, i-sodium chloride nezinye electrolyte egazini. Okunye izingxenye Bile nosawoti ezifana cholic acid, i-cholesterol, lecithin, bilirubin futhi bahlale esinyeni nenyongo.

okuhlushwa

Gallbladder Bile ugxilisa ngoba ingagcina usawoti Bile futhi slag kusuka ketshezi ekhiqizwa isibindi. izingxenye ezifana namanzi, sodium, chloride futhi electrolyte, bese ekubhebhetselisa ngokusebenzisa esinyeni.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi indlela yokwakheka Bile womuntu esinyeni kuyafana esibindini, kodwa izikhathi 5-20 kanzulu xaxa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Bile gallbladder siqukethe ngokuyisisekelo nosawoti Bile, bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, nezinye electrolyte phakathi ukuhlala ethangini angena igazi.

Bile

Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-20-30 emva kokudla kancane kugaywe engena duodenum 12 chyme esiswini. Ukutholakala kokudla, amafutha ikakhulukazi isisu duodenum kuvusa esinyeni nenyongo inkontileka, okuyinto ngenxa isenzo cholecystokinin. Nenyongo sesinye Uxosha Bile futhi ephumula sphincter ka Oddi, okwenza ukuba bawele duodenum.

Esinye isizathu sokusetshenziswa zokunciphisa esinyeni nenyongo - iyona amaza ezinzwa kusukela emsipheni vagus kanye enteric isimiso sezinzwa. Secretin, okuyinto kuvusa uketshezi kwamanyikwe, kwandisa Bile uketshezi. umphumela wayo lomkhulu ukwandisa uketshezi yamanzi kanye sodium Bicarbonate kusukela mucosa Bile imbobo. Le isixazululo ndawonye Bicarbonate nge Bicarbonate pancreatic kwakudingeka iwukudambisa esiswini acid esiswini.

I Bile iqukethe ezihlukahlukene izinto - amaprotheni, amino acid, amavithamini, kanye nabanye abaningi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu ehlukene inyongo ine Ukwakheka ngabanye qualitative ambalwa ukuthi ihlukile okuqukethwe Bile acid, Bile zombala cholesterol.

Ukubaluleka basemtholampilo

In the ukungabikho Bile kukhona amafutha indigestible futhi angashintshiwe excreted ne indle. Lesi simo kuthiwa i steatorrhea. Indle esikhundleni umbala onsundu isici is ababethi umbala omhlophe noma mpunga bese iba namanoni. Steatorrhea kungaholela ukuntula izakhi: okunamafutha ezibalulekile acid kanye amavithamini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla sidlula emathunjini amancane (okuvamise obhekene ukumuncwa amafutha ekudleni) kanye okushintsha izitshalo emathunjini. You azi ukuthi emathunjini ezinkulu ingekho izinqubo lokucubungula kwamafutha, okuholela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene.

Ukwakheka Bile zihlanganisa cholesterol, ngezinye izikhathi ohlangene ne bilirubin, i-calcium, amatshe atholakala enyongweni obumba. Lezi concretions ngokuvamile ziphatha ukususwa esinyeni. Noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi siyochithwa izidakamizwa ne okwandisa lokuhlala Bile acid ezithile ezifana ursodeoxycholic futhi chenodeoxycholic.

Esiswini esingenalutho (emesis nangemva kokuyalwa kaningi, isb) umbala emesis kungenzeka oluhlaza noma kumnyama ophuzi, nentukuthelo. Lona Bile. Ukwakheka ubuhlanzo ngokuvamile eyayihambisana ayo evamile wokugaya ukudla kusukela esiswini. Umbala Bile ngokuvamile uqhathaniswa nombala of "fresh utshani", ngokungafani kuya izingxenye esiswini ukuthi liluhlazana-yellow noma amnyama ophuzi. Bile angangena esiswini valve buthakathaka, lapho imithi ethile kanye notshwala, noma ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla imisipha Kufinyeta futhi zibe we duodenum.

cwaningo Bile

ehlukile abathola indlela ukuhlola i-Bile. Ukwakheka, izinga, umbala, ukuminyana futhi asidi izingxenye ezahlukene ukuze nahlulele ukwephulwa zamagama nezokuthutha.