Biology: umzimba - kungcono ... Kuyini uhlelo zemizimba (biology)

Uma sicabangela amazinga yenhlangano zokuphila eplanethini yethu, owokuqala, yebo, kuba yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Kunalokho, ephakeme kanye ezivamile - Biosphere. Zonke ukuphumula - Lesisemkhatsini. Omunye walena uwukuba isitho, okuyinto kumiswa izingxenye ezahlukene isakhi emizimbeni yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo eMhlabeni. isayensi yakhe wafundelwa futhi biology. Umzimba - kuyingxenye emzimbeni. Yini abasibekela izinhlobo ezahlukene izidalwa nokuthi ukumela, sicabanga ngezansi.

Biology: umzimba - ingabe?

Uma impendulo yalo mbuzo yencazelo yesayensi, singasho kanjalo. Umzimba - iqoqo ezahlukene cell nezicubu izakhiwo, okuyinto emzimbeni ephilayo futhi wenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi.

It is ngokuphelele akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni eziphilayo ethize embuzweni, inqobo nje wayengumuntu ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Kusukela elula izitshalo owumphumela nezilwane, kanye amagciwane khona uncharacteristically yanoma yiziphi emizimbeni. Ukwehluka - isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana noma organelle.

Ucwaningo we umqondo nezinhlangano zalo wahlanganyela isayensi biology. Umzimba - ke isakhiwo ephilayo, okusho ukuthi ingxenye biomass kule planethi. Ngenxa yalokho, kumelwe kube lusizo ukufunda isiyalo. Nokho, zikhona eziningana. umndeni Iningi begazi kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene ngezihloko ezahlukene, isayensi nokunye. Ngakho-ke, umzimba kungenziwa ufundwa abaningana kubo. Ngokuvamile kuso eyala efana:

• nokwakheka;
• zomzimba;
• biochemistry;
• Histology;
• Cytology;
• inhlanzeko.

Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi indlela umqondo sicutshungulwa inquma biology. Authority - kuyinto uhlelo encane, esakhiwa izinto eziningi, amangqamuzana omoya lubuthana kumaseli. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, akha izicubu, okuyinto agudle isakhiwo ngokwaso.

Kulokhu akukho anjenge ezaziyoba khona ngokuzimela nezinye njengengxenye nelilodwa. Bonke kuhlobene, futhi lezo kwenza imisebenzi efana, yakha uhlelo okuthiwa kwezitho. Ngakho-ke, iningi izakhiwo ngabanye ziphathwa nezixhumanisi uhlelo olulodwa phakathi nomzimba.

Amachibi isitshalo eziphilayo aphansi

Izinhlaka izitshalo, yebo, zihlukile kwezinye izidalwa. Phela, ngokuvamile ezikhethekile kombuso ophilayo nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke izitshalo ziyafana, ngakho-ke, yingxenye yomzimba zihlukile.

Ngakho, kukhona umnyango olukhethekile izitshalo aphansi. Lezi zihlanganisa lezo ezihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi, ulwelwe. Amachibi leli qembu izitshalo kungukuthi uzwakalise. Abanaso ngokwahlukana okucacile kuba isihloko sesiqu, eshiya nokunye. nomzimba wonke - ke thallus noma thallus, futhi esikhundleni izimpande, zikhona amadivaysi ekhethekile okuthiwa rhizoids. Basuke esetshenziselwa nokubopha substrate futhi unamathele ubuso bayo.

Thallus uqobo lwayo ingaba zahlukahlukene kakhulu ngefomu, ukubukeka. Ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu okusikhumbuza amaqabunga ezimbi cut izitshalo ephakeme. Nokho, division namanje metamorphic yizinhlangano is hhayi waphawula.

Ngakho, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba izitshalo, zingabantu:

• thallus;
• rhizoids.

izitshalo ephakeme

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo eliwumhlaba, lapho umzimba kahle zehlukanisiwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Uma sicabangela ngezigaba ephakeme, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa namakilasi amaningana besiyoba sikhulu kakhulu. Okuvame kakhulu, futhi abaningi babo bangabantu angiosperms.

Ucwaningo we morphology, izitho zomzimba kanye anatomy izitshalo wahlanganyela wezitshalo - kungenye kwesigaba ebandakanya isayensi biology. Izinhlaka ezimila eziqhakazayo, isimiso, ukuphinda nalezo zamanye umhlaba, kodwa omunye umehluko okukhulu - khona imbali njengoba isitho okuzala.

Ngakho-ke, sicabanga yonke imigomo kwezitho ephakeme izitshalo.

izitho okuzala

Ukuze labo njengoba kuboniswe kakade, sihlobana imbali nazo zonke oyiyo ephambili. Ngokucacile, yilezi ezilandelayo:

• pistils;
• stamens;
• ayesisebenzisa;
• esibelethweni;
• ovule;
• amacembe;
• impova ishubhu;
• impova okusanhlamvu.

Zonke ndawonye lezi zindikimba yakha imbali, lapho kokukhulelwa senzeka, le nucleation nenzalo kwetinhlavu emhlabeni umbungu.

Ngo gymnosperms (AmaConifers, ginkgo) umsebenzi isitho okuzala haya Bump, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano imbewu. Ngo izitshalo spore lo msebenzi wenziwa sporangium okuyinto uvuthwe amangqamuzana amancane - ezinhlamvu.

izitho vegetative

Lezi zihlanganisa yini akusho iqhaza ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Lawa izakhiwo:

• stem (in the case of izihlahla futhi ezihlabayo wesibhamu);
• impande esakha izinhlelo ezimbili - induku fibrous futhi zinhlobo ezahlukene;
• ishiya - isitho esiyinhloko ukuqaliswa inqubo ye-photosynthesis.

Lezi zitho zomzimba kuyinto izitho vegetative zezitshalo ezihlala ezweni noma amanzi, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi Uhlonze lwalo. Sakhiwo umsebenzi zalezi zakhiwo uyafundelwa isayensi biology. Authority - kuyinto imboni encane, okuyizinto izinkulungwane ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, ukucabangela yenhlangano yabo yangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uqonde izindlela zokuphila kohlobo oluthile isitshalo.

imizimba yabantu

Ngaphandle zonke neminye imikhakha yesayensi kufanele ukwakheka komuntu. Izidumbu zabantu yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela ikakhulukazi eziyinkimbinkimbi inhlangano, isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza. Ulwazi izindlela ngamunye wabo - lena ukwaziswa okubalulekile yomuthi isetshenziswa ukuze ulondoloze impilo yomuntu, ukulahlwa kwezinto okungalawuliwe futhi nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.

Kunezibonelo eziningi izitho ezihlukahlukene zomzimba womuntu. Ngokwesibonelo:

• inhliziyo;
• ukukhanya;
• izinso;
• amaqanda;
• amathumbu;
• lesikhumba;
• analyzers;
• esiswini;
• ubende kanye nezinye.

Nokho, kusobala ukuthi akekho kubo abakwazi sodvwa, kodwa ndawonye. Uyini uhlelo kwezitho? Biology isayensi kuyabathelela definition ezilandelayo leli qiniso. Le nhlanganisela izingxenye eziningana umzimba noma imigwamanda ekwenzeni imisebenzi efanayo futhi akheke kakhulu efanayo.

Biology, Ibanga 8: emizimbeni System

Ngakho, emzimbeni womuntu bungabonakala izinhlelo eyisishiyagalombili emikhulu.

1. Zemisipha, okubandakanya amathambo nemisipha.
2. Enamathela. It siqukethe izingxenye isikhumba zangaphandle kwangaphakathi.
3. Wokugaya ukudla. Siqukethe izitho ezifana esiswini, emphinjeni, amalaka, umlomo, ulimi, ubende, isibindi, amathumbu, ingquza.
4. uhlelo zokuphefumula. Kuhlanganisa e isibalo samalungu alo emaphashini, kuqhoqhoqho, bronchi, ama-alveoli nezinye izakhiwo.
5. uhlelo Excretory. Izinhlaka: izinso, ureters, esinyeni urinary.
6. Isimiso sezinzwa. Izinhlaka: asebuchosheni nomgogodla nezinzwa eziningi ekhelini.
7. Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi: inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, i-aorta.
8. Endocrine uhlelo: endocrine kanye exocrine.
9. uhlelo ezalayo: amaqanda, kwesibeletho, ngemomozi, amasende nabanye.

Zonke lezi zinhlelo ukunikeza umsebenzi ehlelekile futhi lovumelanako wonke umzimba. Futhi izidumbu, imigomo yabo esekela lesi oda kusuka ngaphakathi.

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki izitho sezinzwa ezilwaneni

Phakathi lapho ingashiwo ezinye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu:

1. Coffee umlomo. Platypus.
2. Amaza omsindo. Dolphins kanti amalulwane.
3. umbono infrared. Izinyoka.
4. Ultraviolet. Izinyosi ukuthi ukuhlukanisa iningi ebonakalayo ukukhanya bohlu.
5. I nokwehlukana umehluko. Ingwane.
6. I yangaphandle sensitivity high skeleton. Izicabucabu.
7. Mouthfeel. Fish.
8. Dot-matrix umbono. Ezinye zezinto eziphila emanzini.