Umehluko omkhulu kusukela cell yemifino isilwane: + Ithebula texte

Abaningi umehluko phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane Isekelwe umehluko kwesakhiwo emangqamuzaneni. Kwezinye kukhona ezinye imininingwane komunye, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngaphambi sithola umehluko oyinhloko eyeseli isilwane zalesi sihlahla (bheka ithebula kamuva kulesi sihloko), ake sibone ukuthi yini enifana bese uhlole ukuthi yini eyenza kubo ezahlukene.

Izilwane kanye nezitshalo

Wena owayesekhokhoba esihlalweni, ukufunda lesi sihloko? Zama ukuhlala uqonde, welulele izandla ukuze esibhakabhakeni kanye elula. Izwakala ezinhle, akunjalo? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyayithanda noma cha, kodwa - isilwane. Amangqamuzana - ke ezithambile amahlule cytoplasm, kodwa ungasebenzisa imisipha namathambo, asukume ukuhambahamba. Getorotrofy, njengazo zonke izilwane, kufanele lunikezwe evela kweminye imithombo. Uma uzizwa ulambile, noma womile, udinga nje sukuma uhambe ukuze imbala.

Manje ake ucabange ngalokhu izitshalo. Cabanga-oki ubude noma blade encane utshani. Bona ume nokuma, ngaphandle umsipha noma ithambo, kodwa abakwazi ukukhokhela ukuya endaweni ethile ukuze uthole ukudla nokuphuzwayo. Izitshalo, autotrophs ukudala imikhiqizo yabo besebenzisa amandla elanga. Ngokungafani amaseli isilwane ngesitshalo ethebuleni №1 (bona ngezansi) kuyinto esobala, kodwa kukhona izinto eziningi ezifanayo.

izici Jikelele

Nezitshalo nezilwane amaseli eukaryotic, futhi lokhu ukufana okukhulu. Sinenkosi nucleus ulwelwesi-bound equkethe zofuzo (DNA). I-semi permeable plasma ulwelwesi ozungezayo zombili izinhlobo amaseli. cytoplasm yabo iqukethe eziningi izingxenye efanayo futhi organelles, kuhlanganise ribosome, Golgi eziyinkimbinkimbi, reticulum endoplasmic, mitochondria futhi peroxisomes, nabanye. Nakuba nezitshalo nezilwane amaseli eukaryotic, futhi kuningi esifana, nabo kuhluke ngezindlela eziningana.

Izici zezitshalo amaseli

Manje ake sihlole izici zezitshalo amaseli. Njengoba iningi labo likwazi ume nokuma? Leli khono lutholakala ngokusebenzisa udonga cell ozungezayo igobolondo amaseli isitshalo, lusekele nokuqina futhi ngokuvamile kubanika ukubukeka, aboncamane nofana olunezinhlangothi uma zibhekwa ngesibonakhulu. Zonke lezi amayunithi kwesakhiwo unefomu obuqinile ilungile futhi aqukethe chloroplast eziningi. Izindonga kungaba micrometer eziningana obukhulu. Ukwakheka yabo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi amaqembu izitshalo, kodwa ngokuvamile aqukethe cellulose Imicu yotshani carbohydrate ezishumekwe matrix amaprotheni nezinye carbohydrate.

Cell izindonga ukusiza ukugcina amandla. Ingcindezi eyenziwe ukumuncwa amanzi, sandla rigidity yabo futhi ivumela ukukhula mpo. Izitshalo abakwazi ukuthutha kusuka endaweni endaweni, ngakho badinga ukwenza ukudla kwazo. Organelles ngokuthi chloroplast obhekene-photosynthesis. Plant amaseli ingaqukatha eziningana zalokhu organelles, ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu.

Chloroplast sizungezwe ulwelwesi double futhi aqukethe izitaki lamadiski ulwelwesi lapho zombala ekhethekile ukudonsa ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi lokhu amandla isetshenziswa amandla simila. Omunye izakhiwo elidume kunawo wonke vacuole enkulu emaphakathi. Lokhu organelle usesikhundleni iningi ivolumu futhi lizungezwe ulwelwesi ebizwa ngokuthi tonoplast. Umakhiwo amanzi, kanye potassium ne chloride ion. Njengoba nje iseli sikhula, vacuole ubamba amanzi futhi usiza ukunweba cell.

Umehluko kwezilwane kususwa ezitshalweni amaseli (Ithebula №1)

Zemifino isilwane amayunithi kwesakhiwo bakhethe amanye ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana. Ngokwesibonelo, owokuqala udonga cell kanye chloroplast, zingabantu round futhi ezimise ngendlela engavamile, kuyilapho isitshalo has a fixed ukuma elingunxande. Bobabili eukaryotic laba abangemva kwakhe, kodwa bona babe ezinye izici ezivamile, ezifana nokuba khona ulwelwesi kanye organelles (nucleus mitochondria futhi reticulum endoplasmic). Ngakho, cabanga lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini nezitshalo nezilwane amaseli etafuleni №1:

Izilwane ngokumelene isitshalo

Okuholela etafuleni "amaseli Umehluko isilwane kulesi simila 'siphetho? Omabili ahlala avela eukaryotic. Sinenkosi nucleus kweqiniso, lapho-DNA uhlukane nezinye izakhiwo we ulwelwesi zenuzi. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlu babe izinqubo ezifanayo zokugaya, kuhlanganise mitosis futhi meiosis. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo zidinga amandla, badinga ukukhula kanye nokugcina evamile umsebenzi yeselula e inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula.

Futhi kukhona, futhi kukhona izakhiwo eyaziwa ngokuthi organelles, okuyizinto ezikhethekile ukwenza imisebenzi adingekayo ukuze ukusebenza evamile. Emelelwa umehluko i cell ezilwaneni isitshalo ethebuleni kuthiwa kwahambisana №1 ezinye izici ezivamile. It kuvela ukuthi banayo kuningi abafana ngakho. Futhi labo laba abangemva kwakhe abanye yezingxenye esisodwa, okufaka ikhenela, apharathasi Golgi, reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes, mitochondria nokunye.

Uyini umehluko phakathi iseli sihlahla isilwane?

Ithebula №1 letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile ethulwa ngokwanele emfushane. Lokhu sikuthatha nezinye maphuzu ngokuningiliziwe.

• Usayizi. amaseli Animal ngokuvamile zincane kunohlamvu amaseli izitshalo. Ububanzi yokuqala evela micrometer 10 kuya ku-30 ubude, kanti amaseli sitshalo ubude ezisukela 10 kuya micrometer 100.
• Ifomu. amaseli Animal ukuza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngokuvamile esiyindilinga noma ukuma okungajwayelekile. Plant okunye okucishe kufane ngobukhulu futhi, njengoba umthetho, abe ukuma, aboncamane nofana cubic.
• isitoreji amandla. amaseli Animal ukugcina amandla ngesimo carbohydrate eziyinkimbinkimbi (glycogen). Vegetable esitolo amandla ngesimo isitashi.
• Ukwehlukanisa. Ngo amaseli isilwane ekunqandeni kuphela amaseli ayakwazi ukuthuthela kwezinye izinhlobo amaseli. Izinhlobo eziningi plant cells ziyakwazi yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo.
• Ukukhula. amaseli Animal ukwandisa ngobukhulu ngenxa inani lamaseli. Plant ubamba amanzi amaningi ku-vacuole emaphakathi.
• Centrioles. amaseli isilwane zimumethe cylindrical izakhiwo ukuthi ahlele inhlangano yabantwana bakwa microtubules ngesikhathi cell division. Vegetable, ngokuvamile zingenalo centrioles.
• Cilia. Atholakala amaseli isilwane, kodwa hhayi kuyinsakavukela amaseli isitshalo.
• Lysosomes. Lezi organelles aqukethe enzyme okuyinto okugaya leso macromolecule. plant cells kuyaqabukela aqukethe lysosomes, lo msebenzi wenziwa yi-vacuole.
• Plastids. amaseli Animal babe plastids. Plant amaseli aqukethe plastids ezifana chloroplast, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze inqubo ye-photosynthesis.
• Vacuole. amaseli Animal ungaba vacuoles eziningi ezincane. Plant amaseli abe vacuole elikhulu okungathatha kufika ku-90% we umthamo cell.

Ikhipha nezitshalo nezilwane amaseli zifana kakhulu, ziqukethe organelles ulwelwesi-bound ezifana nucleus, mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, Golgi apharathasi, lysosomes futhi peroxisomes. Bobabili aqukethe efanayo ulwelwesi, cytosol futhi cytoskeletal izakhi. Umsebenzi lezi organelles nazo ayefana kakhulu. Nokho, umehluko encane plant cells esilwane (Ithebula №1), okuyinto khona phakathi kwabo, kuyaphawuleka ngempela futhi imele umehluko imisebenzi yengqamuzana ngayinye.

Ngakho, senza ukuqhathanisa yezitshalo nezilwane amaseli, ukuthola ukuthi yini ukufana balungise nezingxabano abanazo. Ziyakwazi uhlelo ezivamile isakhiwo, amakhemikhali izinqubo kanye nokusungulwa, futhi division of the isimiso sezakhi zofuzo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyunithi ezincane kunazo zonke indlela bahluke ukudla.