Bogolubskaya laseTheotokos (isithombe). Yini ukuba uthandaze?

Akwaziwa ukuthi amaRashiya amaningi Bogolyubovo isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu ibizwa ngokuthi mhlawumbe izithonjana ezibaluleke kakhulu ngesiRashiya Church Heritage. Wawuthi cishe eyinkulungwane edlule, kwenzeka eziningi zezenzakalo eRussia axhunyiwe nalo, nezimangaliso eziningi isibaluli amandla akhe ayisimangaliso. Mayelana nekubaluleka kwalo abantu Russian kufakazelwa uhlu eziningi (amakhophi) kusuka isithombe sokuqala, futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu bafisa lokhu isithonjana ngomkhuleko osukwini lwethu. On umlando umsuka isithonjana, incazelo yalo kumaKristu - lesi sihloko.

Indaba isithonjana

Ngokusho yetinsita e 1157 Suzdal Grand Prince Andrey Yuryevich Dolgoruky esendleleni kusukela Upper Idolobha e Suzdal, ngendlela wayehamba isithonjana Our Lady of Vladimir. Juni 18, angu-10 uVladimir, inqola yema, futhi naphezu kwemizamo amahhashi, abazange ukuphatha ukulihambisa. Sweet Prince waphula kuleli kamu etendeni endaweni. Phakathi womthandazo, isikhulu kwaba eNgcwelengcwele laseTheotokos wamtshela ukuhlela le ndawo Bogoliubsk isonto uNina kaNkulunkulu, yaqanjwa yayo Christmas uVladimir Isithonjana pass uVladimir.

Prince, liphefumulelwe lo mcimbi, isithonjana abadwebi ngaphambilini inkantolo ukubhala isithombe Virgin ibhodi * nomkhoba ngesimo lapho lalivela kuye ngomthandazo. Ngakho lapho Bogolyubovo isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, isithombe okuyinto abekwe ngezansi. Lokhu isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu okulotshwe ukuphakama, ngezandla zakhe ephakanyiswe ngomthandazo, futhi ubuso waphenduka maqondana iNdodana. Esandleni sakhe sokunene uvezwa umqulu obhalwe ngapha ngalo kuJehova ngomthandazo. Isithombe of the Virgin Mary ukuboniswa imifanekiso elalihambisana Grand Duke ohambweni lwakhe - UJesu Kristu, uVladimir Isithonjana Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli Gabriel Ioanna Predtechi.

Celebration imifanekiso Bogoliubsk

Ekuqaleni Bogolyubovo isithonjana Umama ithole indawo yayo Bogolyubov, esontweni, ezakhiwe Prince ngesicelo Virgin, ne uVladimir Icon. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuba eduze isithonjana Vladimir, Bogolyubovo uma uthethe amandla ngokuyisimangaliso ke, ungabi ngaphansi ohlonishwayo.

Ngo ikhalenda ye amaholide Orthodox okukhulunywa kuka 260 ohlonishwayo izithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, sinezinto amandla ngokuyisimangaliso, kodwa ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-860 izinhlobo ezahlukene kulo. Kuzithonjana eziningi usethe izinsuku zabo ukugubha ngabo ukubhala imithandazo yabo, emaculweni troparia. Ngamunye izithonjana Virgin Ubusisiwe has umphumela wawo: eyodwa ephatha ezinye ivikela lwesithathu kusiza ezindabeni zomkhaya.

It has a usuku wayenenhlonipho Bogolyubovo isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Lomgubho senzeka ngo-June 18, ngokusho isihloko. isitayela ngoJuni 1 - entsha. Lolu suku futhi ahlonishwe nezinye izithombe Bogoliubsk imifanekiso - Moscow, Zimarovskaya, Uglich, Kozlovsky, Yurevskaya, Elatomskogo, Tula, Tarusskaya, Usman Bogolyubovo isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, isithombe zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

isithonjana sendawo

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ekuqaleni, lokhu isithonjana lakhiwa St Prince Dolgoruky Church of the kukaJesu the Virgin. Kamuva, emhlabeni thempeli lakhiwa Bogolyubskii Isigodlo, lapho isithonjana kwaba ize uvaliwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Nokho, ngemva kokuvalwa Isigodlo kwathiwa egcinwe lebandleni uMuzi Anna edolobheni laseVladimir. Kusukela ngo-1946, isithombe kungabonwa Lesifunda Museum Vladimir. Ngo-1992 wayiswa Knyaginin Assumption Monastery, futhi ngo-2009 wathunyelwa isibuyekezo (sokubuyiselwa) ku uVladimir-Suzdal Museum Bogolyubovo isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, lapho namuhla.

izinhlobo iconography

Iconography esontweni ibizwa ngokuthi umqondo asebenzisa isimiso imithetho futhi izikimu ngomfanekiso izithombe ezithile noma imicimbi.

Lapho isithombe Virgin, kunezinhlobo eziningi owaziwa iconographic:

• Oranta (isithombe of the Virgin Mary ngezandla zakhe ephakanyiswe nezintende zezandla waphenduka phandle, futhi nengane esifubeni sakhe - uphawu uthantaze).
• Eleousa (umfanekiso Virgin nge Child ngezingalo zakhe, sicindezelwe esihlathini sakhe ukuze esihlathini Umama - elifanekisela uthando eliphakeme kaNkulunkulu ukuba abantu).
• Hodegetria (umfanekiso Virgin sobukhosi ephethe ingane, ephethe umqulu ngesandla sokunene ebhekene esiqondisweni sakhe - lifanekisela ukukhuleka umntwana).
• Panachranta (isithombe of the Virgin Mary sobukhosi ephethe umntwana ngesandla sakhe sokunene ebhekene esiqondisweni sakhe - lifanekisela nangobukhulu Virgin)
• Agiosoritissa (umfanekiso Virgin Ubusisiwe ngaphandle Ingane ngomthandazo - umthandazo limelela esintwini).

iconography isithombe

LaseTheotokos ka bogolyubovo iphathelene uhlobo yokugcina iconographic - Agiosoritissa, kodwa has a umehluko ambalwa kusukela izikimu bendabuko isithombe Virgin. Ikakhulu, iqukethe izinto ohlobo Hodigitria futhi Orans. On the convolution, okuyinto ezandleni UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, ezibhaliwe ngomthandazo kuJehova ukuvikelwa kanye ukuphila kohlanga lwesintu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umbhalo olotshiwe kule iphepha, ukushintsha njalo ukubuyiselwa imifanekiso.

Bogolubskaya uNina kaNkulunkulu kufana kakhulu umfanekiso Virgin, le KaMose Esontweni Santa Maria, etholakala emzini Palermo. A ukufana ezifanayo eziningi zibangelwa indlela ufanekiselwa a Umfanekiso Mirozhsky Monastery e Pskov, kanye ubuso uMariya ingoma "The Last Judgment" futhi "Candlemas." Sikhishwe la maqiniso, izazi-mlando baye baphetha ngokuthi umbhali wokuqala lesi sithonjana kwaba WaseByzantium isithonjana umdwebi, owafika egcekeni Prince Dolgoruky futhi kamuva abuyela emakhaya.

Akwaziwa uhlu isithonjana

Igama elithi "uhlu" lapha isethiwe, emalini yokuqala.
Nokudunyiswa eliphezulu isithonjana kubonisa yokuthi abantu Russian phezu yeminyaka edlule idale eziningana amakhophi kweshumi ke, sebekhiphe amandla kwaso ngokuyisimangaliso. Esaziwa kakhulu kulolu chungechunge eMoscow, Uglich futhi Zimarovskaya isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu (Bogolyubovo). Incazelo yalezi izithonjana ukuze abantu Russian mkhulu phambi kwabo wathandaza ngesikhathi internecine ukuxabana, ayehlasela bezinye izizwe, izifo ezibulalayo.

Moscow

isithonjana eMoscow okubonisa Virgin Mary nge umqulu ngesandla, ukuthandaza ngaphandle kweNdodana, phambi kwakhe, siguqile, kuzo ziyinto engcwele. Yena wayedume kulolu hlu yokuthi Muscovites ilondolozwe kusuka esibi isifo Igagasi sifo 1771. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili Bogolubskaya laseTheotokos ngo eMoscow itholakala ibandla St uPetru noPawulu.

Zimarovskaya

Zimarovskaya isithonjana Virgin Ubusisiwe hhayi ingane, esigcwele obuphelele, elibheke kuyo iNdodana, uzombusisa esivela ezulwini. Isithonjana eyaziwa ngokuba amandla okuphilisa abantu ezifweni sina - isifo, ikholera. Kuze kube ngo-1925 isithonjana wagcinwa emzaneni Zimarovo Ryazan esifundeni, kodwa ngemva kuka-1925 kwaba elahlekile, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukuphi wakhe akwaziwa.

Uglich

Wawuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, futhi engu-200 kamuva amapulanka isithonjana washukumiseleka ukuba isisekelo esisha. Isithonjana eyaziwa ngokuba babika ngokuphulukisa okuyisimangaliso Uglich izakhamuzi esiwumshayabhuqe phakathi nekhulu le-17. Namuhla isithonjana itholakala emzini Uglich, esontweni St okwashiwo uDemetriyu.

Yini Bogoliubsk ikhuleke phambi isithonjana?

UNina kaNkulunkulu njalo ukhuluma ukuncenga ngokuthi umlamuleli phakathi kwakhe uJehova. Nomthandazo Bogoliubsk isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu ngokuvamile iqukethe uhlu lwezikhalazo ukuze kusindiswe indoda ezifweni kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo, izingxabano zobuhlanga, nokuhlambalaza ngokumelene abantu kusuka imililo emahlathini namasimu, indlala nobumpofu, kusukela kubhubhane ebulalayo, izikhukhula, isithwathwa nesomiso, ekuhlaselweni uchuku kusuka kwamanye amazwe futhi kusukela elimazayo ukuxabana yasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahambi bacela inhlalakahle ka isithonjana endleleni, futhi umama ebuzwa impilo yezingane zabo ezweni langaphandle.

Ukulondolozwa izithonjana ezinsukwini zethu

Kugcine zokubuyisela wavula acwebile isithombe Bogoliubsk imifanekiso, wenza i ezimibalabala ngokungavamile. Ngakho, Virgin Mary uvezwa ngesimo izingubo ingubo eluhlaza kanye grey nejazi isitini. Amehlo Virgin - blue nezihlathi - othi awube elikhanyayo ngokungavamile. Nokho, kuleli fomu, isithonjana waziwa muva. Kuze kube manje, lesi sithombe primordial umsebenzi yafihlwa izingqimba eziningi kapende wax, ebekwa restorers odlule.

Iqiniso lokuthi isithonjana omkhulu Russian isebujameni yokubhubha, wabhala ngo-1915 odumile Byzantinist NP Kondakov. imifanekiso Kwakuseshwa 1918 ngenxa amazwi alo Isivivinyo ukuvula. Nokho, ngo-1946 sokubuyiselwa F.A.Modorov Uchwepheshe yabamba "oluqinisayo" kapende ungqimba upharafini ngephutha abakhethiwe ubuchwepheshe yabo, okwaba nomthelela kakhulu omubi isimo ukukhokha izinsalela. Ngakho, ngo-1956 isithonjana wayiswa umnyuziyamu, lapho izazi ziye ekhishwe esiphethweni sokuthi iphuphuma ezishisayo wax ubuhlobo kakhulu saba sibi ngopende primer. Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba siphakamise isithombe upharafini ungqimba. Iminyaka engu-20, i-restorers Museum balihlanze kobuso isithonjana kusukela wax, kodwa buthakathaka gesso nopende ngesikhathi wagabadela uhlamvu i engelapheki.

imifanekiso Isimo saba sibi kakhulu okunye ngemuva kokuthi igcinwe kweNyuka Cathedral uVladimir ayephuli lokushisa kanye nomswakama okubangelwa ukunganaki abasebenzi umsebenzi. Ngo-2009 isithonjana wayiswa uVladimir-Suzdal Museum, lapho isimo isithonjana sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi inhlekelele.

Segdnya Bogolyubovo isithonjana Umama wayehlala e ngokukhethekile elihlomile ikamelo kanye Museum conservators musa athembisa ukwethula ke ukukhonjiswa esikhathini esizayo.

amathempeli Russian ngenxa Bogoliubsk imifanekiso

Three lombhishobhi elakhiwa ngo Russia: Cathedral Bogoliubsk uNina kaNkulunkulu ka Bogolyubovo e Suzdal esifundeni, Michurinsk Michurinsk wesigodi ngo Tver - e Vysokopetrovsky sezindela.

Ngaphezu amasonto ezweni eyakhelwe Izindlwana 12 okuthiwa Bogoliubsk imifanekiso - isibonelo, Dobrynin (Sobinsky District), e Pavlovsk (St George noPawulu wesifunda), e Shustin (Kolchuginsky District), e Boldin (Petushki wesifunda), edolobheni lase-Ivanovo futhi Tarusa, ngemizuzwana. Teterinskoe (Nerekhtsky District), e-Krasnoyarsk nakwamanye amadolobha Russian namadolobha. Moscow Chapel Bogoliubsk uNina kaNkulunkulu ivuliwe Kalitnikovskaya emathuneni e Davydkovo nombhoshongo zobuqaba.

Ngaphezu Cathedral, Russia amasonto 69 behlonipha isithonjana.

Amathempeli eMoscow, okubonisa Bogolyubsky isithonjana

E-Moscow, eMoscow Bogolubskaya ohlonishwayo isithonjana Virgin, ibekwe ngenhla amasango Chinatown. La masango zitholakala eduze St uPetru noPawulu e Yauza esangweni ku Kulishki, eSt uPetru noPawulu Lane, 4, ukwakha 6.
isithonjana eMoscow ngesikhathi Ngesineke ngonyaka ofanayo nge original - e 1157. Phakathi nokugujwa kwezinsuku isithonjana izinsuku ezintathu asuswe esangweni benze imikhuleko yakhe.